This study was carried out to determine occurrence and damage of golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata on water seeding area in Jeonnam province. The density of golden apple snail maintained high until October 2003, but quickly decreased from November. They overwintered only in a portion of the water canals but could not find in dried paddy field. They reproduced from May and June in the canal water and paddy field, respectively. Feeding time of golden apple snail on rice seedlings was 235.2 seconds, feeding length of that was 8.4 ㎝. When golden apple snail fed rice seedlings, the stem remain only 2.5 ㎝ from areal part which could not recover. The more density of golden apple snail, the faster feeding rate. Density and number of eggs laid of golden apple snail after overwintering was higher on bank around of paddy field than on middle of that. The percent of shell size after over wintering was higher in small (below 25 ㎜) than big (over 36 ㎜). But in case of Boseong area, the size was reverse because the soil has soft mud. The survival rate of overwintering golden apple snail was lower than that of breeding. They did not move when the temperature changed rapidly, but the temperature increased they start to move. They dead almost below -3℃. The damage of rice by golden apple snail in the direct water seeding was 20%. In machine transplanting, rice damaged only fore-end of leaf and recovered subsequently. When golden apple snail release in direct water seeding field, the percent of damage was 5.6% in immediately release plot. The later release, the lower damage.

From the surveys of 2005 and 2006 in Korea, Trissolcus nigripedius was found in four locations, i.e., Andong, Miryang, Namhae, and Suwon, and one of the major egg parasitoids of Dolycoris baccarum. T nigripedius was also found to parasitize two other soybean bugs, Riptortus clavatus and Piezodorus hybneri, from the field collection in 2005. Host acceptance behaviors of T. nigripedius consisting of drumming, oviposition, and marking were observed and compared on five species of soybean bugs. T. nigripedius showed the complete host acceptance behaviors on the eggs of D. baccarum, P. hybneri, and Halyomorpha halys. But T. nigripedius emerged only from the eggs of D. baccarum (96%) and P. hybneri (75%) after 24 hours of exposure. T. nigripedius did not mark on the eggs of R. clavatus and Nezara antennata during the observation of behavior, hence no egg deposition was made. However, T. nigripedius parasitized 20% and killed 30% of the eggs of R. clavatus when 24 hours were given for parasitization. T. nigripedius would be a potential biological control agent of D. baccarum and P. hybneri with ability of giving additional mortality on R. clavatus in soybean field.

본 연구는 광릉 지역의 활엽수 천연림과 도로 주변에서 서식지 구조와 조류군집의 특성을 파악하기 위해 2005년 10월부터 2006년 8월 사이의 기간 동안 수행되었다. 활엽수 천연림과 도로 지역의 서식지 환경은 매우 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 활엽수 천연림은 대경목의 비율이 높고 상층 임관이 잘 발달해 있는 반면, 도로에서는 소경목이 대부분을 차지하였으며, 상층임관의 발달이 적은 반면 하층식생의 피도가 높았다. 계절별 조사 결과 활엽수 천연림에서는 모두 37종의 조류가 관찰되었으며, 도로에서는 20종이 기록되었다. 4계절에 있어서도 활엽수 천연림 이 도로보다 관찰 종수, 개체수 및 종다양도에 있어서 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 길드 구조에 있어서도 활엽수 천연림 지역에서는 수관층 및 수동(나무구멍)에서 먹이와 둥지를 얻는 조류들이 많이 관찰되었으며, 도로에서는 관목이나 지면을 이용하는 조류가 많이 기록되었다. 두 지 역은 인접해 있음에도 불구하고 조류 군집의 특성에 있어서 큰 차이를 보였다. 이러한 차이는 두 지 역 간 서식환경의 차이와 깊은 연관이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 제주지역 목장 토양 및 조사료 자원의 미량광물질 함량을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 제주지역 98 목장에서 187 토양시료(농암갈색 76, 흑색 111) 및 말 농가에서 활용되고 있는 이탈리안라이그라스 건초, 혼합목초 건초, 수입 알팔파 건초 각 60시료를 채취해서 분석했다. 토양시료는 화학특성(pH, 유효인산, 치환성 양이온 함량)과 미량광물질(Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mo, Se, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni) 총 함량 및 가용성 함량이

In order to validate the meteorological and odor dispersion modeling methods, the measured meteorological parameters such as wind speed and direction and odor intensities were compared with those calculated from the models. The CALMET and CALPUFF models which were recommended by USEPA were used to predict the meteorological variable and odor concentrations. The average time of odor concentration was 10 mins. to consider instantaneous response nature of the odors. The results showed that model predictions were in good agreement with the measurements. It is expected that the modeling method presented in this paper will be useful to assess the impact of odors from industrial complex to near-by residential areas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the legally-designated malodorous compounds at the plant boundary areas of 5 plants expected to emit high odor intensities, as well as! complaint area at the Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex in Korea. The sampling was carried out during spring and summer of 2003 and 2006. The concentrations of ammonia, sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) emitted during 2006 were higher than those emitted during 2003, and the concentrations emitted during summer were higher than those emitted during spring at the plant boundary areas. It was thought that the concentrations of odorants in the complaint area had been directly influenced by the concentrations of odorants in the plant boundary areas as they showed similar patterns of concentration variations. While the concentration of TMA during 2006 was lower than during 2003 at the all sampling sites, the concentration of styrene during 2006 was higher than during 2003 at the all sampling sites. The sites showed high concentrationsof odorous compounds at the plant boundary area of the related chemical and petrochemical refinery plants.

동아시아에서 광역적인 대기오염 이동과 한반도 유입을 인공위성과 지상 관측을 통해 5개의 사례를 분석하였다. 이 사례들은 주로 중국 대륙의 도시와 산업지대에서 배출된 오염물질들이 황해를 지나 한반도에 상륙 및 통과하는 광역적인 대기오염 이동이다. NOAA인공위성 관측 자료의 분석은 가시영역과 적외선 영역의 3개 채널을 합성하여 영상을 만들고, 황해 위에서 대기오염의 분포와 이동을 구별해 낼 수 있었다. 또한 청원의 배경관측지점에서 대기오염의 지상 관측 자료는 인공위성 관측 자료와 비교하여 검증하는데 매우 가치가 있었다. 특히, 광역적 대기오염의 이동 사례에서는 PM10과 PM2.5 농도의 차이가 적으면서, PM2.5값이 높게 증가한다. 그러나 황사의 경우는 PM10 농도가 훨씬 높게 관측되어 PM2.5와의 차이가 매우 큼이 특징적이다. 2006년 1월 27일의 사례에서는 중국 발원의 광역적 대기오염이 한반도의 중부 및 남서지역으로의 유입을 인공위성뿐 아니라 여러 지상관측소들에서 순차적으로 관측할 수 있었다. 북북서 기류가 제주도 한라산을 넘어서 풍하측 멀리까지 구름을 소산시키고 대기오염을 감소시키며, 카르만 소용돌이를 만들고 있었다.

본 연구는20005년 3월부터 약2개월에 걸쳐 후쿠오카 지역에서 짧은 기간에 발생한 12개의 지진으로부터 관측된 154개의 지반진동 자료를 이용하여 지진원 및 지진파 감쇠와 관련된 값들을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 구하고자 하는 모든 값을 동시에 비선형적으로 분석하기 위해 LM(Levenberg-Marquardt) 역산방법을 적용하였고 전단파 에너지를 이용하였다. 분석결과 12개 지진의 응력강하값의 평균은 약 79.2-bar이고 부지 하부 지진파 감쇠값 \kappa의 평균값은 0.043으로 분석되었다. 또한 광역적인 지진파 감쇠를 나타내는 Qo 와 {\eta}값은 각각 248.1 및 0.558로 분석되었다. Qo 과 {\eta}값은 지진파의 경로중 일부가 동해를 거치기 한반도 남동부의 지진파 전파의 특성뿐만 아니라 일본과 한반도 사이의 지체구조의 차이로 인한 불균질 특성도 포함하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 관측소부지 하부의 지진파 감쇠값 K의 평균값은 미국 동부지역 대표값 보다 훨씬 크고 미국 서부지역 대표값보다 거의 유사한 값을 보여 주었으며 각각 관측소 부지 고유의 증폭에 대한 정확한 정보가 있으면 보다 의미있는 결과를 얻을 수 있다고 판단된다.

최근 들어 환경, 자원 등과 관련하여 연안지역에서의 지구물리 탐사에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 연안 지역은 수심이 얕기 때문에 탐사선을 이용한 해양 탄성파 탐사는 많은 제약이 있다. 이러한 탄성파 탐사의 제한조건을 극복하기 위하여 상대적으로 적은 비용의 전기 및 전자탐사 기법의 활용이 유망하지만, 전기탐사의 경우는 지하매질이 해수에 포화되어 높은 전기전도도를 갖기 때문에 고출력의 송신부가 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일부 천해저 환경이 나타나는 갯벌 지역에서 자연적으로 발생하는 전자기장을 송신원으로 사용하는 자기지전류 탐사를 수행하여, 적용성 및 효용성을 평가 하였다. 서해안의 근흥만 지역에서 AMT와 탄성파 반사법 탐사를 함께 수행한 결과 근흥만 지역의 지층 구조는 갯벌을 이루는 미고화된 머드층, 홀로세 이전의 준고화된 퇴적층, 선캠프리아기의 운모편암과 규암으로 구성된 기반암으로 이루어진 것으로 해석된다. AMT 탐사와 탄성파 탐사 해석 결과 모두 홀로세 이전의 준고화된 퇴적층 상부의 깊이가 13∼20m 부근으로 나타나, AMT탐사 자료로부터 상층부 구조 해석은 타당한 것으로 보인다. 기반암의 경우 전반적인 구조는 유사한 형태를 나타내지만, AMT 탐사에서는 그 심도가 약 30∼50m, 탄성파에서는 27∼33m로 해석되어, AMT 탐사 기법의 분해능과 관련하여 기반암 심도는 다소 과대평가되는 경향성이 나타났다. 그러나, AMT탐사 기법의 상부층에 대한 분해능, 간편성, 안정성, 환경친화성 등을 고려할 때, 연안지역에서 탄성파 탐사나 전기비저항 탐사를 대신할 수 있는 것으로 평가 된다.입을 통하여 발현 관계를 명확히 확인해야 하는 추가실험이 진행되어야 할 것이다.하게 된다.토끼 면역항체를 선모충유충 조직항원에 반응시켰을 때 충체의 표피와 기저층 그리고 EIM 및 stichocyte의 α0 α1 과립에 황금입자가 표지되었다. 따라서 1일 동안 배설되는 분비배설항원은 선모충 유충의 표피와 stichocyte의 α0 α1 과립에서 유도되는 반면에 3일 동안 배설되는 분비배설항원은 표피와 stichocyte의 α0 과립에서 유도되고, 선모충유충 감염후 1주, 4주에 실험쥐에서 형성되는 감염항체는 선모충의 표피와 기저층 그리고 EIM에서 분비되는 항원에 의하여 생성된다. 이상의 결과로 선모충의 분비배설항원과 감염항원은 선모충 유충의 표피와 EIM및 stichocyte의 α0 α1 과립에서 유도되며 이들은 45 kDa 단백을 포함하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.성하고 있는 세포들에는 세포질이 어두운 세포와 밝은 세포가 있었으며, 세포질내에는 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립이 관찰되었다. 전체적인 특징은 눈물샘분비세포 중 장액세포의 것과 비슷하였으나, 과립의 크기는 작았다. 분비관을 구성하는 세포들 사이에도 연접복합체가 매우 잘 발달되어 있었다. 샘포에서 사이관으로 이행되는 곳에서도 샘포세포와 사이관세포 사이에서도 연접복합체가 관찰되었다. 분비관세포의 분비과립 가운데는 중심부분에 전자밀도가 더 높은 중심을 가진 다른 모양의 과립이 관찰되기도 하였다. 의해 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결 론: 자궁경부암 환자에 항암화학요법과

The purpose of this study is analysis of traditional noble houses style of Ha-Dong area in Kyeong-Nam. The sequence of this study is at first finding the list of survey object, and investigating of those houses, after than drawing the site and floor plan, and lately analysis the characters of inner and outer space of them. It required six months. The results of analysis of them are as follows. 1. The noble traditional houses in Ha-Dong are found eight samples which are not noticed in academic society. 2. The constructions of noble housing in late Period of Cho-sun Dynasty are divided in three parts as a general role. Its grade is similar in Ha-Dong. The number of traditional noble house of (old) volunteer class is two cases. The (new) rich-farmer class is four cases. And there are two cases of (long) authority class. 3. The type of site plan is based on Korean south area style which is the style of departed rectangular type. But outdoor spaces are divided in several space by many fence than other area. It is the special item of construction. 4. The special character of indoor space is the use of 'Gong-ru'. It is called similar space used in top of main entrance building of large building. But it is located in various space in Ha-dong. It is included in any space of Sarang-Che, An-Che, Are-Che. The traditional noble houses of Ha-Dong area have special spacial characters. For long time there space was developed based on local identity. And its characters was divided various classes. Thus Ha-Dong area is definite place of useful identified traditional culture.

The purpose of this study was to analyze evaluation variables of service quality of Korean restaurant especially focused on cold noodle restaurants(CNR). The data were analyzed about customer’s expectation of food service quality, service quality was improved by employee’s service in restaurant and employee education in the focus on CNR. The survey was carried out 423 customers and 50 employees in Seoul and Kyunggi province. All statistical data analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Science(SPSS version 10.0). The consumer’s evaluation score of service quality were significantly different by consumer’s characteristics. The well planned service at CNR must be developed according to consumer variables such as sex and age group. The evaluation score of service quality were not significantly different by seasonal variation and consumer’s menu selection. The evaluation score of service qualities in CNR were significantly different between customer variables with employees variables. All of the evaluation points of service quality in employees were significantly higher than customers. This result was show that well-trained employees were important factors in consumer satisfaction. Through the employee education program, consumer oriented service mind mort be to developed in employees and employees’ recognition about the importance of service increased the satisfaction of customer using CNR.

The purpose of this study is to create the cultural landscape we can realize the flavor of our ancestors from, improving and maintainning the Museong Seoweon in chilbomyun, jeongup city. This plan containing the confliction between protection of cultural properties and developing the around area promotes synthetic maintenance which can let out their own characters and make them be in accord with environment. I hope that the Museong Seowon where people enshrine some of the greatest ancestors such as Choichiwon， who was the greatest scholar in shila dynasty a thousand years ago and Junggeukin, who is famous for sangchungok will be given a new look as a central and cultural facility which can succeed the tradition of Honam region.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption and perception on the effect of cooked rice mixed with multi-grain (CR-MG). Reason for like and dislike, intake frequency and variables related with the satisfaction of CR-MG were also investigated. The data for the analysis was collected from 315 adults who were residing at Seoul·Kyeonggi and Kangwon area and analyzed by the SPSS 11.0 program. The result showed that 84.8% of the respondents consumed CR-MG, showing significant difference by gender and occupation (p〈0.05). It also revealed that they consumed it knowing their effect, showing significant difference by all general characteristics except for resident area and BMI, respectively. Kind of multi-grain (MG) mixed with cooked rice was high in the order of SoRiTae (80.1%) 〉 brown rice (73.4%) 〉 black rice (72.7%) 〉 waxy rice (61.0%), respectively. As for the mixing type of MG, 61.4% of the respondents preferred non-mixed product rather than pre-mixed product. 2 or 3 kinds were preferred numbers of MG mixed with rice, showing significant difference by age (p〈0.001) and marital status(p〈0.05), respectively. 59.9% of the respondents answered 'high nutritive value more than polished rice' as the major reason for like, whereas 31.3% answered 'greatly rough more than polished rice' as that for dislike, respectively. By the use of multiple regression analysis, it revealed that health was the most significant variable which affect the satisfaction of CR-MG. From these results, it was suggested that in view of the high consumption and intention to continue the intake of CR-MG, following studies should be conducted to improve the preference of CR-MG.

This exploratory study is to analyze the status of star menus and suggest the development strategy of star menus in the western restaurants of the tourism hotels in Seoul. The data was collected from the chefs who have been working over 15-years in tourism hotels in Seoul by judgement sampling. The questionnaire was composed of Miller and Pavesic's 'Fifty tips for a successful menu' and Khan's 'The evaluation of menu item development', The 30-menu items were selected from the 1st survey on the menu items that were high in both popularity and contribution margin by menu engineering method. The selected menu items were analyzed by 14 lists: simplicity, ready availability of ingredients, quality, flavor, presentation, preparation, service method, nutrition quality, preference, profitability, serving temperature, descriptive copy of menu and publicity. As a result of the study, appetizer category was recorded the highest score by 4.09. Smoked salmon, Tomato and mozzarella cheese, Cream of mushroom, Cream of asparagus, French onion soup, Grilled beef tenderloin, Grilled rib-eye steak, Roasted lamb rack, King prawn, Seafood spaghetti, Chef's salad, Caesar salad, Organic salad, Fruit plate, Italian tiramisu and Yogurt ice cream were recorded high score. The development strategy of star menu is belows : the menu writer must consider the productivity, effectiveness, popularity and profitability, the regular customers want varieties and creativity in the menu and the operators have to include the star menu items in the set menu.

This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting gone density of university students in Seoul area. Data for food habits, exercise and health-related behaviors were obtained by self administered questionnaires. BQI(bone quality index) of the subjects was measured by an Quantitative Ultrasound(QUS). The results are summarized as follows: The average hight, weight BMI and osteopenia percentage of the male and female student were 173.3cm, 68.6kg, 22.7 and 24.2%; 161.4cm, 54.4kg, 20.9 and 55.5%, respectively. The BQI and Z-score of the subjects were 99.6, -0.3 in male student group, and 82.7, -1.1 in female student group, respectively. Height, weight, fat weight, fat mass and BMI were positively related with BQI in female group. BQI was positively affected by breakfast and frequence exercise in male student group. In female student group, frequency exercise was positively related with BQI. The result of this study revealed that the desirable food habits, dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles may have a beneficial effect on bone density. They should have practically and systematically organized nutritional education on optimum body weight, good eating habits, weight bearing exercise for higher bone density level.

This study was performed by questionnaire to investigate current use of native local foods of adults in Gyeongju classified by age. The subjects were consisted of 421 citizens(217 males and 204 females) living in Gyeongju. The findings are summarized as follows: 'Institute' scored high as 30.6% in the main responsible body for the succession of local foods. The most emphasized points to popularize the local foods was to 'taste'(36.4%). a point to be considered to develop tourism product of the local foods was to 'development of recipes acceptable to the people of today'(24.6%). The recognition rate score of native local foods of Gyeonngju area was 'Hwangnamppang', 'Hanjeongsik', 'Ssambap', 'Haejangguk', 'Hoe(Gampo)', 'Memilmukmuchim', 'Gyodongbeopju', and 'Yugoa' in the order. On the other hand, the recognition rate score for 'Ssukgulrei', 'Borisudan', 'Dalraikkakdugi', 'Hwanggeumju', 'Baesuk', 'Gyeojachae', 'Gungjungjeongol' was very low. The preferred and intake native local foods of Gyeongju area was 'Hanjeongsik', 'Ssambap', 'Hoe(Gampo)', 'Haejangguk', 'memilmukmuchim' in that other. On the other hand, the preference for 'Ssukgulrei' 'Borisudan', 'Hwanggeumju', 'Baesuk' and 'Dalraikkakdugi' was very low.