흑운모 편마암과 화강암에 대한 풍화정도에 따른 광물조성과 화학성분 변화를 X-선회절분석, 전암분석을 통하여 연구하였다. 흑운모 편마암의 주 구성광물은 흑운모, 석영, 사장석이며 화강암의 주 구성광물은 석영, 사장석, 백운모과 약간의 정장석을 포함하고 있다. 풍화가 진행될수록 흑운모 편마암은 버미큘라이트와 할로이사이트가 증가하고 화강암은 일라이트와 캐올리나이트가 증가한다. 풍화가 진행될수록 대체로 Na2O, CaO, K2O가 감소하고 Al2O3의 함량이 증가하지만, Fe2O3의 값은 흑운모 편마암과 화강암에서 큰 차이를 나타낸다.

Asan city has many strengths, for examples, the distinction of innovation ability, several places with clean environmental resources, conventional-cultural resources and favorable conditions of location in regional agriculture development. But it has not devised the comprehensive development plan for regional agriculture that is integrating natural, cultural and industrial resources. So the plan linked with those resources should be to promoted to develop agricultural production, marketing and regional economy. And a development strategy is to have the system of agricultural independence within Asan. Namely, originality, identity and cooperative spirit in economic and social-cultural aspects of Asan agriculture are needed, which are a great help to settle agricultural issues in Asan itself. And the governance system needs to be introduced that has the main bodies of Asan agriculture, so as to promote agricultural policy.

The purposes of this study were to identify leadership competences of rural leaders and to analyze leadership competency of leaders. The study carried out by questionnaire and focus group interview on expert panels. To analyze leadership competency, the data was collected from 273 rural leaders by stratified random sampling. SPSSWIN/ver10 program was used for analyzing data with t-test and IPA method. The study suggests twenty low types of leadership competences which were information, vision, decision making, motivation communication, education residents, managing residents, loaming, flexibility, problem solving, presentation program management, customer orientation service knowledge, making relationship, creative idea, business understanding, brand development, conflict resolution negotiation, assessment, business management, coaching and feed back. Whereas leaders with middle school educational career required developing program management, maintaining achievement and benchmarking, leaders with high school were morel likely to develope self-learning, to benchmark their knowhow and brand development competency. Whereas leader with less low years experiences as leader have been considered as developing coaching/feedback brand development and program development, leaders with more five years as leader should consider developing benchmarking, resident education, and brand development. The study suggests that the extension agents on public should develop leadership program according to the competency differences of leaders.

Rearing community youth has been main factors of sustainable agriculture and rural community. The purposes of this study were to analyze the leadership skill and organizational commitment of community youth and to investigate the relationship between leadership skill and organizational commitment. The data were collected from 196 rural youth by stratified random sampling. The study was adopted t-test, ANOVA factor analysis and correlation analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, community youth married, wealthier, and expanded farming area were more likely to have leadership life skills than others. Second, community youth wealthier and expanded farming area were more likely to have organizational commitment than others. Third, group activity, being leader, teaming skill, communication self understanding, decision making, language skill among leadership skills have positively correlated with organizational commitment.

The purpose of this study were to identify the different farming styles of red pepper growers, to describe their characteristics and to get some implications far planning the agricultural development strategy in the area. The researcher surveyed quantitative and qualitative data through interview with researcher developed questionnaires from selected 99 farmers in Eumsung county, Chungbuk province, Korea. The researcher found the low types of red pepper farming: 'red-pepper-centric middle farmers', 'diversified larger farmers', 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers', and 'small farmers for own use'. Based on the above findings, the researcher could derive some implications as follows. Firstly, the difference of market strategy and marketing efforts among the four farming styles should be regarded as important considerations when planning the agricultural development strategy in Emsung county. Secondly, the cooperatives' red pepper marketing strategies in Eumsung county were focused on the processed red pepper products sold at middle or low priced by big retailers in urban areas. Therefore, the cooperatives should change their view point of quality, if they want to initiate the planning process of 'the production and marketing high quality red pepper'. Thirdly, the major efforts of Eumsung county Agricultural Technology Center (ATC) made efforts on increasing the productivity of red pepper farming, however, the technologies recommended by the ATC for farmers required more cost and labour especially for 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers' and 'diversified large farmers'. The ATC should make efforts to find new technologies for helping 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers' to reduce the use of pesticides and 'diversified large farmers' to use the regional images effectively for marketing their hish quality red peppers.

The purpose of this study is to verify the result of the previous studies and to clarify the types and activation factors of maintenance activities of the naturally favorable water space through the participation of residents in rural areas, through a further survey of the area proposed as a program in the existing study review and previous study related to the participation of residents. The survey was conducted through the survey of 1,242 households and 1,335 persons intended for Japanese rural areas. The study result is summarized as follows. The types of the maintenance activities in the areas intended for the survey have been classified into 'rural type' and 'combination type' through the analysis results by the references like the comparison analysis, job percentage and main utilization purpose of facilities for each type of maintenance and operation activities. In case of the 'rural type' area, residents were doing maintenance activities centered on the group activities rather than personal maintenance activities. Also, the activities of maintenance & operation group members were more active than non-members, and the water-friendly utilization to the facilities was not directly affecting the maintenance activities of residents. In case of the 'combinational type' area, there was no common characteristic according to each area, and the participation percentage in the maintenance activities was low compared with the 'rural type' area. According to the analysis result based on the participation degree of personal maintenance activities, the repair of facilities as a naturally favorable water space, implementation of projects reflecting the opinions of residents, educational programs conducted in order to motivate the participation of residents, etc. have been analyzed as the factors affecting the activation of maintenance activities of residents. Through the above results, for continuous maintenance activities to be made with residents as a main body in the future, it is necessary to support maintenance groups on an administrative level and procure experts for the production and operation of programs that can increase the participation percentage of residents.

To obtain the safety evaluation of the ginseng, residues of heavy metals in culture environment of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju, Kyeongbuk are surveyed. The concentration for component of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju were 14.12 mg/kg and 15.74 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration for general component such as crude fiber, ash, crude lipid, crude protein, carbohydrate, of ginseng were coincided between Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Punggi were 14.24 ppb, 43.13 ppb, 8.73 ppb and 0.82 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Sangju were 19.20 ppb, 54.82 ppb, 15.90 ppb and 1.04, respectively. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the soil with culture ginseng on Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Punggi were 29.30ppb, 21.78 ppb, 1.32 ppb and 2.72 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Sangju were 3.22 ppb, 24.43 ppb, 1.44 ppb and 4.74 ppb, respectively. Also the detection concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in ginseng were also lower than the Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory level for heavy metal in herbal medicines. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the ginseng on Punggi and Sangju at Kyeongbuk, Korea.

Atmospheric bulk (wet and dry) samples were monthly collected in Masan and Heangam areas of Korea, to assess the deposition flux and seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Deposition fluxes of PAHs in bulk samples were determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer detector (GC/MSD). Particle deposition fluxes from Masan and Haengam areas varied from 13 to 87 g/m2/year and from 5 to 52 g/m2/year, respectively. PAHs deposition fluxes in atmospheric bulk samples in Masan and Haengam areas ranged from 135 to 464 µg/m2/year and from 62.2 to 194 µg/m2/year, respectively. Atmospheric deposition fluxes of particles and PAHs in this study were comparable to or slightly lower values than those from different locations in Korea and other countries. PAHs profiles of atmospheric deposition bulk samples showed slightly different from two sampling areas, however the predominant species of PAHs were similar. Indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, phenanthrene compounds were the most detected PAHs in deposition bulk samples. Carcinogenic PAHs occupied the contribution of approximately 30-40% of the total PAHs deposition fluxes. The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) was used, to assess the differentiation of PAHs source between two sampling areas. The result suggests that PAHs contamination sources were different according to the location and season surveyed. There was no an apparent relationship between the PAHs deposition flux against temperature and rainfall amount, even though summer season with the highest temperature and the largest amount of precipitation showed the lowest PAHs deposition flux. Benzo(e)pyrene/benzo(a)pyrene ratio indicated that the photo-degradation process was one of important factors to the seasonal variation of PAHs with the lower deposition fluxes.

민주지산 및 그 인근지역에 대한 관속식물상 조사가 2000년부터 2004년까지 5년에 걸쳐 총 27회 수행되었으며 그 결과 172과 397속 631종 3아종 105변종 25품종 등 총 764분류군이 분포하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 주요 유용식물로서 한국특산식물 35분류군과 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 12분류군, 그리고 환경부 지정 식물구계학적 특정 식물종 101분류군이 각각 조사되었다. 아울러 조사지역 내에 귀화식물 46분류군도 분포하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 조사지역의 식생은 비교적 양호한 편이었으나 최근 들어 개발, 남채, 답압 등의 인위적 간섭에 의해 그 훼손 정도가 급격히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 지역에 대한 보존지역 확대 지정 등 적극적인 보존대책 수립이 시급하며, 장기적인 모니터링에 의한 식생의 동태 파악이 필요하고 판단되었다.

The runoff characteristics of non-point source pollutions in the municipal area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). The flow rates and water qualities of runoff from two types of drainage conduits were measured respectively. One was a conventional combined sewer system and the other was a separated sewer system constructed recently. From August to November in 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flow rate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. These data were also used for model calibration. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it is reported that 80-90% of pollution load is discharged in the early-stage storm runoff. Therefore, initial 10-30 mm of rainfall should be controlled effectively for the optimal treatment of non-point source pollution in urban area. Also, it was shown that the SWMM model was suitable for the management of non-point source pollution in the urban area and for the analysis of runoff characteristics of pollutant loads.

This study was conducted to identify the runoff characteristics of non-point source according to rainfall in Dalseo and Daemyung watershed. Land-uses of the Dalseo and Daemyung watershed were surveyed to urban 72.1% and mountainous 6.7%, and urban 49.3% and mountainous 20.5%, respectively. Mean runoff coefficients in each area were estimated to Dalseo watershed 0.49 and Daemyung watershed 0.16. In the relationship between the rainfall and peak-flow correlation coefficients(r) were determined to Dalseo watershed 0.9060 and Daemyung watershed 0.5620. In the relationship between the antecedent dry period and first flow runoff correlation coefficients(r) were determined to Dalseo watershed 0.7217 and Daemyung watershed 0.2464. In the relationship between the rainfall and watershed loading, exponent values of SS in Dalseo and Daemyung watershed were estimated to 0.54 and 0.496, respectively.

경북지역의 연차, 품종, 이앙시기, 질소 시비량에 있어서 쌀 품질의 변이를 분석하여 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 최적 기술 투입을 위한 기초 자료로 사용하기 위해 2002년부터 2004년까지 3년간 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연차 및 지역별 미질 분석에서 식미치와 아밀로즈 함량의 변이계수가 3.9~~4.3~% 로 낮아 변이가 적었으며, 단백질 함량과 완전미 비율의 변이계수는 7.9~~12.2~% 로 비교적 높게 나타나 변이가 컸던 것으로 나타났다. 2. 지역별 품종간에 미질 변이에서도 아밀로즈함량과 식미치에서 변이계수가 2.6~~3.6~% 로 낮았으며, 완전미 비율과 단백질 함량은 5.4~~7.2~% 로 다소 높았다. 3. 동일 품종에 대한 이앙시기에 따른 쌀의 품질 특성 변이에서는 연차간 및 품종에서와는 달리 단백질 함량의 변이계수가 2.2로 가장 낮았고, 아밀로즈 함량과 완전미 비율에서 3.1~~3.7 로 다소 낮았지만, 식미치에서는 5.8~% 로 다소 높아 같은 품종이라도 이앙시기에 따라 식미치의 변화는 큰 것으로 나타났다. 4. 지역간 미질의 변이는 품종 및 이앙기 이동에 따른 변이 보다는 오히려 연차간에 나타나는 변이가 더 크게 나타났으며, 이는 기상의 영향을 많이 받았기 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. 5. 동일 품종에 있어서 질소시비량에 따른 미질관련 형질의 변화와 변이에서는 이화학적 특성 중 아밀로즈 함량은 변이계수가 1.8로 질소질 비료의 영향을 거의 받지 않았던 것으로 나타났고, 질소질 비료를 증시함에 따라 미립내의 단백질 함량은 증가하여 변이계수가 4.4로 그 변이도 컸던 것으로 나타났다. 식미치 또한 단백질 함량과 같은 결과를 보였다. 쌀의 외관상 품위에 있어서는 질소질 비료의 증량에 따라 분상질미의 증가율이 가장 높았다. 경우 복비의 무처리시 거의 잔디의 초장이 신장하지 않았으며, 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 반면, 잔디의 피해지역에 복비를 처리할 경우 잔디의 빠른 생장이 이루어졌다. 신초 건물중은 복비 처리전 8월 6일에 비하여 11월 6일에 이스트밸리 LD지역의 무처리구가 1.2~% 감소하였지만 처리구는 50~% 정도가 증가하였다. 지산의 시험 결과도 이스트밸리와 유사하였다. 신초와 뿌리의 비율(S/R)은 처리구의 경우 뿌리보다 신초의 건물중이 더 증가하였지만, 무처리구의 경우 뿌리와 신초의 생장율이 거의 비슷하였다. 포복경과 지하경의 건물중을 합한 R&S의 건물중을 조사한 결과, 이스트밸리의 경우 복비를 처리하기 전 8월6일에 무처리구인 LD지역이 처리구인 LD지역에 비하여 5.5~% 정도가 적었지만 복비를 처리한 후엔 오히려 처리구의 LD지역이 48~% 로 증가하였다. 지산의 결과 역시 이스트밸리와 유사하였다. 4. 이상의 결과들로 알 수 있는 것은 수목 근부에 생장하고 있는 잔디의 피해 요인들은 여러 가지가 있지만, 골프장내 수목의 밀생 지역이 아닌 경우에는 광에 의한 피해보다는 오히려 양분과 수분의 경쟁에 의한 피해 발생 비율이 크다. 따라서 이들 잔디의 피해 지역에 복비를 처리함으로서 무처리 지역에 비하여 상당히 많은 효과를 보았기 때문에 수목 근부에서 생장하는 잔디의 집중관리 체계로 보다 효율적인 코스관리에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.ting이 관찰되는데, 진성기업의 Stainless Steel은 가늘고 긴 압흔이 있으며 비교적 매끄러운 표면을 보이고, Unitek사의 경우 압흔과 함께 pitting 이 관찰되며, Ormco Stainless Steel의 경우 불규칙한 pitting이 다수 존재했다.수술 시행 시기별의 차이를 보이지 않고 고른 분포를 보였다. 10. 내원한 환자를 순구개열 종류

수문시계열을 분석하기 위한 방법으로 낮은 차원에서 해석이 가능한 주성분분석 방법의 문제점을 검토하고 이를 보완할 수 있는 독립성분분석의 이론과 특성을 검토하였고 수문기상자료인 Nino지역의 해수면온도에 적용하여 El -Southern Oscillation(ENSO) 사상과의 상관성을 평가하였다. 혼합자료를 사용하여 독립성분분석 방법의 주성분 분리 능력을 검토한 결과 독립성분분석이 기존 주성분분석에 비해 통계적으로 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. El 의 감시

Nutrient balance is important to develop environmentally friendly agriculture. Phosphorus surplus in nutrient balance was more serious than that of nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded twice the requirement at 30 cities/counties and 32 among 165, respectively. Given livestock waste and optimal nutrient balance, the proper number of animal feeding was 1.68LU/ha. Considering livestock waste only, the optimal number of livestock feeding was 3,918,000LU (heads) and, including fertilizer that would be 2,288,000LU. It is recommended to introduce the regional control system to regulate nutrient input and output, and the trading system of livestock feeding rights to control that.

함수유리질 암석인 진주암은 장기지역의 제3기 마이오세 화성쇄설성 퇴적층인 범곡리층군의 하부에서 산출된다. 진주암은 대개 그 하위의 장기층군과의 부정합면을 따라 단속적으로 분포하고, 시공간적으로 유문데사이트, 부석질 용결응회암과 밀접한 접촉 및 성인적 관계를 보이며 층상으로 산출된다. 이 진주암은 전형적인 진주암과 비교해 반정과 암편을 많이 함유하는 것이 특징이며 화학 조성상 낮은 SiO2 함유 수준(63.2∼66.4 wt%)을 이룬다. 반면에 함수량에 있어서는 진주암보다는 송지암에 가까운 함유 수준(3.2∼7.8 wt.%)을 나타낸다. 이 진주암과 그 주변의 화산암류 및 화성쇄설성 암석들 사이의 암석기재학적 특징들을 비교해 본 결과, 부석질 용결응회암과 유문데사이트가 진주암의 원암일 개연성을 지시하는 것으로 나타난다. 진주암과 그 원암들의 희유 및 희토류 원소들의 조성비(Zr/TiO2 대비 Nb/Y)와 야외에서의 산출상태는 이러한 해석을 뒷받침하며, 특히 진주암 내에 남아있는 기공 조직은 화산유리뿐만 아니라 부석 암편도 진주암질 유리의 주요 원물질이었을 것이라는 점을 강하게 지시한다. 이 진주암은 호소 환경에서 형성된 망해산층의 퇴적 단계에서 물과 암석 간에 완만하게 진행된 수화·변질 형식의 속성작용에 의해서 생성된 것으로 여겨진다. 진주암화 과정 동안에 SiO2와 알칼리는 일률적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타낸다. 이 진주암은 속성작용에 의해서 2차적으로 형성되었고 횡적 연장성도 결여되기 때문에, 이 암층에 의거한 기존의 범곡리층군의 층서 체계는 수정되어야 할 것이다.

This study investigates the core elements of the formation and development of cluster using a multi-disciplinary approach and suggests a promoting strategy by development stage of cluster. As a sub-category of regional innovation system, the cluster has been considered as one of the most noticeable methodological argument to make the regional innovation system come true. In the meantime, this study examines the core elements of cluster shown in the theories and examples through six academic fields such as economics, geography, regional development, business administration, sociology and pedagogy and their educational back-ground. By means of establishing the incubation stage in the development of cluster, core elements are composed in the stages of birth, incubation and evolution in subsequent manner. A promoting strategy will be suggested through the implication of core elements in the reestablished stages.

For the purpose of finding correlation between the characteristics of the rural residents and the maintenance activities of naturally favorable waterside spaces, this paper has conducted a research with the focus on the three model case regions in Japan. The methods of the research included surveys, interviews, and documents. The research confirmed that the three regions in focus have characteristics distinct from one another. The rate of participation in group activities was high in a region, with members that belong to groups most active in the maintenance activities. Reasons for their participation included: to manage the local area themselves; and to promote cooperation and friendships among the residents. This proves that participation in the maintenance activities has also attributed to the formation of close communities in the regions. According to the analytic conclusion of the factors related to participation, the residents' experience to have been involved in a professional education program which induces communal participation, acted more as the major factor than the individual ones.

The present study investigated runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants and discharge load amount according to the land utilization in Yeinam river basin. The land utilization of target basin was divided into paddy field, dry field, forest, residential area and composition area. The study on the runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants by rainfall-runoff process showed that COD, SS and T-P had the first-flushing effect with relatively high concentration in early-stage of the rainfall-runoff process, but the T-P revealed similar runoff characteristics. Event Mean Concentration(EMC) of BOD and COD according to the land utilization revealed the range of 3.11～15.50mg/L and 3.37～33.42mg/L, and the highest concentration of EMC corresponding to BOD and COD was detected in the paddy field. The EMC of SS showed 1.7～305.02mg/L and it's highest concentration was found in the dry field. The EMC of T-N and T-P represented the highest concentration in the paddy field and dry field with range of 0.91～8.76mg/L and 0.02～0.44mg/L.

강우에 따른 토사유실은 호소내 저수용량 감소 및 탁수 등의 수질오염을 유발하기 때문에 유역관리 측면에서 중요한 인자가 된다. 최근 GIS를 활용한 토사유실평가 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 토사유실 원인지역에 대한 검토는 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS 기반 토사유실모델을 활용하여 임하호 유역의 토사유실량을 산정하였으며, SPOT 5 고해상도 위성영상과 토지피복도 자료를 활용하여 토사유실원인지역을 검토하였다. 분석결과 토사유실이 높게 나타나는 지역

1970년대 이후, 우리나라는 산업화에 따른 급격한 도시화가 이루어졌다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 대표적인 도시인 서울특별시 및 6대 광역시의 1973년부터 2003년까지의 31개년의 강수랑 자료를 이용하여 강수량의 변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 이와 함께 도시화에 따른 강수량의 변동성을 평가하기 위해서 비도시 지역을 선정하였으며 도시 지역의 강수량 변화와 비교하였다. 도시 지역과 비도시 지역의 연강수량, 계절별 강수량, 지속 시간 1시간 및 24시간연최대