This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality (IAQ) in elementary and middle schools in Gyeongbuk area from July to November 2006 . The measurements of indoor air pollutants were made to cover such components as PM-10, CO2, CO, NO2, O3, HCHO, TVOC, TBC, and Radon from school classrooms. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: all of them were less than IAQ standards of Korea. The mean concentration were measured by 43.0 ㎍/㎥ (PM-10), 745 ppm (CO2), 56.1 ㎍/㎥ (HCHO), 350 CFU/㎥ (TBC), 0.026 ppm (O3), 0.6 ppm (CO), and 59.2 ㎍/㎥ (TVOC). Radon was not detected in all surveyed classrooms. The I/O ratio of PM-10 was 0.8∼1.4, while that for HCHO was 5.7∼9.0. Therefore, it was concluded that the indoor pollution of formaldehyde was very serious in classroom.

The purpose of this study is to establish English as elective subjects for 11~12 grades in Korean high schools. This study was conducted in the form of survey including a total of 1,923 participants, consists of 728 high school English teachers, 984 high school students, and 939 parents. The questionnaire consisted of nine questions, and which were designed to elicitate the participants perception and needs on English as the elective subjects in high schools. The results of the study indicate that 1) we need the subjects that include 4 skills(listening, speaking, reading, and writing), 2) binding listening and speaking skills together will meet the need of students and parents who want to choose conversation-only subjects, 3) on the other hand, binding reading and writing skills together will meet the needs of the students who want to prepare for establishing the academic basis in the future. 4) Various proficiency in English between students requires various level of the elective subjects in high school English. On the basis of these results, this study suggests we need 1) the subjects which deals with 4 skills on the basis of traditional concept, and 2) ‘listening and speaking’ subjects and ‘reading and writing’ subjects. And the subjects should have various levels between the highest level to the lowest level.

This research had its goal of preparing for the 5 school days, expanding school sports facility and increasing the utilization with cooperation effort of both local community and school and provide basic data for effective administration of it through ana

The aim of this study is, by examining physical teachers' understanding of curriculum for managing advanced optional subjects of physical education, organizing and managing of the subjects, and the reality of class management and evaluation, to reflect pi

한자의 자형은 소전에서 예서로 이행되면서 급격한 변화를 겪는다. 변화의 큰 특징은 동일한 部件이 結構에 따라 모양을 다르게 쓰거나, 서로 다른 部件인데 같게 쓰며, 하나의 部件인데 두개 이상의 部件이나 필획으로 絶離되거나, 각각 독립된 部件인데 하나의 부건처럼 결합되는 현상이 일어난다. 異字同形인 경우로 ‘奉, 春, 奏, 秦, 泰’의 상부 ‘ ( )’는 소전에서 독립적으로 존재한 서로 다른 部件2개 이상이 隸變에 의해 하나로 결합된 것이다. 同字異形인 경우로 人은 소전에서 어디에 위치하던 모두 ‘ ’로 썼는데 隸變에 의해 ‘亻,人, 卜, , , , ’ 등으로 변화됐다. 信에서는 亻, 企에서는 人, 에서는 卜,色에서는 , 及에서는 , 北에서는 , 監에서는 으로 썼다. 火의 경우도 灼에서는 火, 然에서는 灬, 尉에서는 小, 赤에서는 , 光에서는 으로 그 형체를 달리하여 썼다. 이렇게 異字同形이나, 同字異形의 한자들을 한데 모아 가르치면 효과적인 字源학습이 될 것이다. 字音活用의 字源敎育은 거의 시도되지 않았다. 漢語의 변화발전을 고려한다면 자형보다 자음이 더 중요하다. 왜냐하면 자형보다도 자음이 더 먼저 출현하였고, 자형과 자음은 불가분의 관계를 맺고 있기 때문이다. 예컨대 나무를 가로 세로로 얽어놓은 모양을 그린 ‘冓’가 聲符인 溝, 構, 講, 媾, 遘등은 모두 交合의 뜻을, 손가락이 교차함을 나타낸 叉가 聲符인 杈, 衩, 汊등은 나뉘거나 교차함을, 句가 聲符인 狗, 豿, 駒등은 동물의 새끼를, 鉤, 枸, 軥, 笱, 拘, 痀, 朐등은 구부러진 것을, 古, 曷, 夬가 聲符인 枯, 涸, 姑, 竭, 渴, 決, 玦은 부족하거나 결함이 있는 것을 나타낸다. 이렇게 음과 뜻이 같거나 비슷한 一群의 한자들을 함께 모아 한문교학에 응용하면 효과적인 학습이 될 것이다. 在는 才와 土로 이루어진 형성자이다. 초기 예서에서는 ‘ ’처럼 썼지만 隸變 과정 중에 才가 ‘ ’처럼 변하고, 結構도 좌우결구가 아닌 상하구조와 비슷한 형태로 변하였다. 及은 상부 人과 하부 又로 이루어졌는데 예변과정 중에 상부 人이 ‘ ’로 변한 것이다. 이는 하부에 있는 ‘又’의 첫 번째 획과 연결 書寫하면서 형성된 것이다. 益은 水와 皿을 상하로 결합시켜 그릇 위에 물이 넘치고 있는 모습을 그린 것이다. 상부 水는 隸書단계에서 옆으로 뉘어 ‘ ’로 쓰기 시작하였다. 志는 상부 之, 하부 心으로 구성된 형성자이다. 赤은 상부 大, 하부 火로 구성된 회의자이다. 勳은 熏과 力으로 구성됐다. 하지만 書寫시 상부 과 하부 灬로 잘못 쓰는 경우가 있다. 이는 문자구성원리에 맞지 않는다. 한자교육을 효과적으로 하기 위해, 한문학, 한문교육학의 발전을 위해, 전통문화의 계승과 창조를 위해, 한문과의 외연확대를 위해 한자학은 필수 불가결하다. 한자학의 활성화를 위해 한문교육과에 전공강좌 개설과 임용고사에 한어문자학을 반영해야 한다.

The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers perceived joint physical education, one of the types of P.E. instruction, and in which way it was actually instructed. And it's also intended to present the benefits of joint physical education and wor

The purpose of this study was to find out effects on changes of learner's physical ability improvement and physical training satisfaction/pleasure dividing into a separate self-goal on the basis of previous results from each learner and a collective goal

The purpose of this study was examined the difference of learning behavior between learners taught by the educational practice teacher and learners taught by the experienced teacher as well as the teaching behavior of both the educational practice teacher

Reducing the logistic cost may be accomplished by numbers of logistic management methods, but the most fundamental and essential one is the accomplishment of the consistent reverse logistics system that is the core of worker performance system, and the purpose of consistent reverse system is the treatment of logistic functions such as transportation, storage and unloading with consistent logistics, and increasing the turnover ratio is required for the improvement of the system. As the turnover ratios is increased, this paper make reverse worker performance evaluation system with lifetime value include of weight variables.

The purpose of this study was to divide into a few groups of Bibimbabs with distinctive menu patterns and accompaniments from 484 Bibimbab menus of 360 elementary school foodservices around Busan city and Gyeongnam province. The menus were collected from the internet(http://www.kdclub.com) and the home page of elementary schools from December, 2004 to September, 2005. Moreover, Bibimbabs with high frequency were analyzed by seasons and regions to give informations for menu planing and developing in elementary school foodservices. The serving frequency of Bibimbabs was significantly different among seasons, highest in summer and lowest in winter. Kongnamulbibimbab and Bomnamulbibimbab were highest in frequency in rural areas meanwhile, Sanchaebibimbab, and Chamchibibimbab were frequently served in Busan. The basic structure of Bibimbab meal based on main dish, soup, kimchi and one or two accompaniments consisted of 'side dish', 'fruit & beverage', or 'starchy food & dessert'. Thus, most of the Bibimbab meals were composed of 4~5 dishes. Five groups of Bibimbabs were suggested by the menu patterns and kinds of soups. Soups, fruit & beverage, and kimchi were included in the menu patterns of nearly all groups of Bibimbab. However, side dishes and strachy foods & desserts were included of excluded according to the groups of Bibimbabs. Some kinds of soups and side dishes were different among the groups of Bibimbab. These results suggest that the cost, avaliable labor and seasonal constraints contributed mainly to the numbers and kinds of accompainments in the Bibimbab meals. However, taste and sensory balance were also considered in the Bibimbab menus in the School Lunch Program.

This study was performed by questionnaire to investigate the preference and satisfaction on the menu of school foodservice of high school students. This study aims at providing useful information to establish subdivided menu developing direction. The subjects were consisted of 637 high school students(435 males and 202 females, 5 direct type schools and 5 trust type schools) in Gyeongju area. The results of this study were: The preferred school foodservice menu of subjects was 'seasoned roast chicken', 'steamed pork rib', 'beef rib soup', 'yogurt', 'sandwiches', 'boiled rice with assorted mixtures', 'boiled rice', 'watermelon', 'spaghetti' in that other. On the other hand, the preference for 'spinach soybean soup', 'steamed Mideodeok', 'boiled lotus root', 'roasted sweetpotato stalk', 'chopped and seasoned cucumber' was very low. Males favoured rice and meats, while females liked better noodles and vegetables. Direct type foodservice students' preference scores were higher than those of type foodservice students in side dish menu categories. The preferred and satisfied menu of subjects was meats and sweet foods, and but the preference and satisfaction for vegetables and tough foods was very low.

이 연구의 목적은 중등 학교 과학 실험 수업의 실태를 파악하기 위해 수업을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중등학교 과학 실험 수업을 세 범주로 분석하도록 개발된 분석 도구를 활용하였다. 이 분석 도구는 실험의 목적, 상호 작용, 탐구 과정 세 가지 영역에 20가지 평가 항목으로 구성되어 있으며, 4명의 과학 교육 전문가로부터 0.89의 타당도가 확보되었다. 수업 분석을 위하여 21차시의 실험 수업이 녹화되고 전사되었다. 전사된 프로토콜과 동영상을 바탕으로 실험 수업을 분석한 결과, 중등 학교 실험 수업은 실험 목적 측면에서 선언적 지식의 습득과 과학에 대한 태도의 향상에 집중되어 있었다. 상호 작용 측면은 교사의 발문이 학생들의 발산적 사고를 유도하지 못하고 있고 학생들에 의한 주도적인 실험 기회가 주어지는 대신 교사의 직접적 지도에 의해 실험 수업이 진행되고 있으며, 학생들의 토의 과정이 거의 나타나지 않는 등 상호 작용 I 수준으로 분석되었다. 탐구 과정은 학습 주제에 대한 현상 제시 및 문제 제기가 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 학생들의 가설 설정 활동이나 예상 활동도 대부분의 수업에서 관찰되지 않았으며, 실험 설계 부분은 활동지나 교사의 지시에 의해 주어지고 있었고, 학생들은 실험 결과 기록에만 집중되어 있어 탐구 과정 수준도 I 수준으로 나타났다.

목적 : 이 논문의 목적은 운동 실행능력과 읽기, 쓰기에 바탕을 둔 시지각과의 관계를 알아보기 위함이다.연구방법 : 경남 김해에 위치한 초등학교에 재학 중인 1학년 아동 20명, 2학년 아동 20명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 시지각 능력 평가를 위하여 K-DTVP-2를, 운동실행능력을 평가하기 위하여 COMPS와 SIPT의 하위항목인 PrVC를 사용하였다. 결과 : 시지각과 운동 실행 사이에는 유의한 차이가 있었지만, COMPS, PrVC, K-DTVP-2 평가결과는 나이와 성별에서 차이가 없었다. K-DTVP-2는 PrVC와 COMPS와 관련이 있었다. VMI 점수는 2학년이 1학년보다 더 높았으며, 여기서 시각과 운동의 통합은 연령이 높아질수록 발달된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.결론 : 초등학교 1학년과 2학년의 시지각 능력은 운동 실행과 관련이 있었다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 몇 가지 제한점이 있었다. 첫째, 대상자가 김해에 국한되어 있으며, 둘째, 1학년과 2학년 사이의 연령차이가 없다는 것이다. 마지막으로 그 수가 적어서 특별히 다른 차이점을 발견할 수 없다는 것이다. 그러므로 향후에는 평균 데이터를 보여주기 위한 일정한 평가 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이며, 장애가 있는 아동의 운동 실행과 시지각과 관련된 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

This study investigates elementary school parents’ perception concerning the starting age for early English education. Four hundred and eighty-four parents located in Seoul and Kyonggi province areas participated in this study. The questionnaire for exploring parents’ perception was used and the major findings revealed that: (1) the children who started to learn English before the official school year tend to learn English from native speakers of English; (2) about 90.9 percent of children learned English before the third grade of elementary school; (3) most parents reported that the proper starting age for learning English is 5 or 6 years although they perceived that it was not an important factor in enhancing their children’s English proficiency. These results indicate that the current status of early English education should be restructured to meet the parents’ perception and needs. Major implications will then be discussed.

This study aims to investigate the effects of various types of input modification on English listening comprehension by Korean high school students. The participants of the study were assigned to three different types of listening input: one time listening, repetitive listening, and elaboration. They listened to five types of genres such as descriptive, narrative, comparison/contrast, causal/evaluation, and problem/solution This study examined how these different types of input and genres affect the students’ listening comprehension in terms of comprehension of main ideas and details, and inference, The results of the study revealed that different types of input modification and repetition influenced the students’ listening comprehension. For instance, repetitive listening and elaboration did not have a significant effect on the high-level students’ listening comprehension, whereas these types of input resulted in improvement in the low-level students’ listening comprehension. In addition, different input types had effects on the students’ listening comprehension according to the students’ proficiency levels. On the basis of the results, some pedagogical implications on the teaching of listening skills are presented.

In this paper, we discussed a methodology for education of German as a foreign language. In order to see how grammar and a function of communication should be linked, we investigated the way how grammar is dealt with in a chapter teaching “showing the way” as a communicational situation in 8 different highschool textbooks. To maximize the efficiency of teaching a specific grammar factor, we tried to establish which one should be linked to this communicational situation. Two conditions are necessary for this. Firstly, typical sentences for “showing the way” should be expressed by the grammar factor. Secondly, the grammar part associated with the expressions used for the communication situation should be more closely related to this one than any other communication situation. We concluded that the most efficient grammar factors that can be associated with the communication situation, “showing the way” are dative preposition and imperative, and that imperative can also be effectively associated with other communication situations such as “birthday and invitation”, and “health and treatment”.