이 연구는 농촌지역 초등학생을 대상으로 원예활동 프로그램을 실시하여 자아존중감 및 성취동기에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 경남의 농촌지역에 위치한 C 초등학교 4학년을 실험집단과 대조집단으로 나누어 매주 1회(3시간)씩 12주 동안 실시하였다. 원예활동 프로그램을 실시한 실험집단은 대조집단에 비하여 자아존중감이 향상되었고 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). 또한 실험집단은 대조집단에 비하여 성취동기가 증진되었으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). 따라서 원예 활동 프로그램은 농촌지역 초등학생들의 자아존중감을 향상시키며 성취동기를 증진시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

편각은 판구조론 이해의 바탕이 되는 개념이며 실생활에서 지도와 나침반을 이용하여 자신의 위치를 결정할 때도 쓰이는 중요한 개념이다. 이에 제 7차 교육과정에서 사용되고 있는 6종의 지구과학 II 교과서에서 편각에 대한 설명이 어떻게 기술되어 있는지 확인하고 고등학생들이 오개념을 가질 수 있는 가능성을 조사하였다. 개념 검사지를 통해 실제로 나타나고 있는 고등학생들의 오개념을 확인하고 교과서와의 연관성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 고등학생들은 특히 자북극과 관련하여 오개념을 가지고 있었고 이는 교과서의 편각에 대한 설명 부족과 함께 잘못된 삽화와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 따라서 편각에 대한 정확한 이해를 위해서는 비쌍극자 효과를 추가한 편각의 설명이 필요하고 이에 따른 삽화의 제시가 필요함을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the snack and beverage intake patterns of students by body mass index groups (BMI 〈18.5, 18.5-23, 23-30, ≥30). Questionnaires were completed by 1381 high school students in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do, the area of Korea's capital region. There were no significant differences in skipping meals for overweight (BMI 23-30 and ≥30) or under-nourished (BMI 〈18.5) students. Girls skipped dinner more frequently than boys. Boys and girls both preferred meat and disliked fish regardless of BMI. Girls with BMI 23-30 disliked vegetables. Boys and girls would rather have crackers, candies, and chocolates than potatoes as snacks regardless of BMI. Obese boys (BMI ≥30) preferred flour-based food, fast food, and other food as snacks. Girls liked fruits more than boys. Snacks were eaten 2-3 times per week, when students were hungry or bored. There were no significant differences in the frequency or reasons (habitual, stressed) for snack consumption by BMI. Girls liked juice more than boys did, and boys preferred soda water more than girls did. Both the under-nourished (BMI 〈18.5) boy and girl groups had more juice than the overweight (BMI 23-30 and ≥30) groups. Obese (BMI ≥30) boys did not more drink soda water than other BMI groups. The under-nourished (BMI 〈18.5) boy group had more soda water than the normal (BMI 18.5-23) and overweight (BMI 23-30) groups. Girls in the overweight (BMI 23-30) group had 2 more cups of soda water a day than the normal group (BMI 18.5-23). Therefore, skipping meals and beverage intake patterns might influence BMI.

The purpose of this study was to estimate beverage consumption frequency and determine related problems of elementary school students in Chungnam. The survey was conducted with 488 students(boys=230, girls=258) using a questionnaire. The average age of the students was 10.1 years old, thir average height and weight were 145.1 ㎝ and 39.5 ㎏, respectively and the obesity index was -1.3%. The frequencies for breakfast, lunch and dinner were 5.8 times/week, 6.7 times/week and 6.4 times/week, respectively. Regarding the frequency of snacks, high response rates for ``once/day``(38.3%) and ``none`` (30.5%) were observed. Nutrition label on beverages were identified rarely(39.1%), nearly never(19.7%), and never(12.9%). The choice factors in selecting beverage were taste, nutrition, and price. For the type of snack most often consumed, fruit or juice was 25.8%, snack items were 25.2%, bread was 24.8%, dairy products were 7.6%, beverages were 7.0%, noddles were 6.2%, and rice cakes were 3.5%. The kinds of favorite beverages were carbonated drinks(30.3%), functional drinks (24.4%) and milk and yoghurt(23.8%), and main reason for the choice of beverage was "it tastes good". For the point of time that students wanted to drink a beverage, "when I feel thirsty" appeared most often for dairy products and beverages and the next most frequent answer was "after exercise". Therefore it may be necessary to administer systematic nutritional education on perception on nutrition fact label of beverage. And it is thought that plan for proper beverage consumption in elementary school students may be established.

목적 : 임상실습 과정에서 병원의 일과가 끝난 후에 고시원에서 생활하는 학생들의 경험은 실습 전체에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 고시원의 일상에 대한 연구는 임상실습 학생들을 보다 잘 이해하는 기초자료가 될 것이다. 따라서 본연구의 질문은“작업치료 임상실습 학생들의 고시원 생활 경험은 어떠한가?”이다. 연구방법 : 참여자는 작업치료 임상실습을 마치고 돌아온 학생 5명에게 심층인터뷰를 3~4회 실시하였다. 이들이 임상실습 과정에서 일상생활에서 겪는 경험들을 더 이상 새로운 내용이 나오지 않는 포화상태까지 자료를 수집하였다. 그 기간은 2008년 10월에서부터 2009년 1월까지 이루어졌다. 연구 참여자의 윤리적 측면을 보호하기 위하여 연구자는 연구목적과 방법, 연구 참여에 대한 참여자의 자발성 및 연구 참여를 중단할 수 있는 권리의 보장, 비밀유지를 위한 익명처리, 면담 내용의 메모, 녹음 등 기록에 대해 서면 동의서를 받았다. 자료수집 및 분석은 지오르기의 4가지의 구체적 절차에 따라 이루어졌다. 결과 : 연구결과는 86개의 의미단위, 14개의 하위 구성요소, 6개의 구성요소로 도출되었으며, 작업치료 학생들이 낯설고 삭막한 고시원에서의 생존에 대한 구성요소들은 다음과 같다.‘ 좁은 고시원 공간의 버거움’,‘ 공동생활의 어려움’,‘ 심한 심리적 스트레스를 경험함’,‘ 가족의 사랑으로 힘을 얻음’,‘ 공동생활에서 생존전략을 터득함’,‘ 낯선 생활에서 생존전략을 터득함’으로 나타났다. 결론 : 작업치료 임상실습생들은 고시원에서 생존을 위한 나름의 다양한 전략들을 사용하고 있었고, 이들을 지원하기 위한 다양한 접근방법이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

This study analyzed Korean traditional foods and western foods in the field of 'dietary life' in Practical Arts curriculums, and developed the fusion-food cooking activity program for elementary school students. Firstly, potatoes, dumplings coated with bean paste, simple side dishes are discussed in the first curriculum. The second curriculum discussed only traditional foods and the third curriculum considered more traditional foods than western foods including bread. From the fourth curriculum to the sixth, traditional foods were mainly discussed and both traditional foods and western foods were mentioned evenly in the seventh and revised 2007's curriculum. Secondly, this study developed 'fusion-food cooking activity' program which helps students not only to learn the meaning, kinds, history, and related customs of Korean traditional foods; kimchi, Korean pizza, rice cake, but also to learn and practice cooking fusion-foods covering traditional foods.In conclusion, it can be assumed that the 'fusion-food cooking activity' program developed in this study improves interest in Korean traditional foods amongst elementary school students, and helps students to understand the reputation and value of traditional foods. Therefore fusion-foods cooking activity containing traditional foods which are not discussed in this study should be studied and developed more in the future.

This study was performed to investigate patterns of fortified food (FF) consumption and intake of vitamins and minerals from FFs among 577 Korean children (12.4 years of age) who attended elementary or middle school. FFs eaten by children as a snack were surveyed using the food record method during 3 days, including 2 week days and one weekend. As a result, 114 FF items were eaten by the children, and several kinds of nutrients such as vitamin A, D, E, B complex, C, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were fortified in these foods. Ca-FFs (65.8%) were most frequently consumed, followed by vitamin C-FFs (33.4%) and vitamin D-FFs (33.3%). The number of FF items in each food group was the most in the milk group (n=24, 21.0%), followed by the beverage group (n=19, 16.7%), and the cookie/bread/cake group (n=17, 14.9%). Fortified nutrients in FFs were in various combinations, but the major combination patterns were Ca, Ca plus vitamins, Ca plus vitamins plus other minerals, and Ca plus other minerals. Daily mean intakes of vitamins and minerals from the FFs were 66-300% more than those of the recommended nutrient intake (RNI ) or adequate intake (AI) for most vitamins and minerals. Daily maximum intakes (95th percentile) of vitamins and minerals from FFs were 1-15 times the RNI or AI for most vitamins and minerals. Vitamin and mineral consumption ratios from each FF group were different according to the kind of fortified nutrient. For example, vitamin C was mostly eaten in fortified beverages (46-54%), and Fe was mostly eaten in fortified cookie/breads/cakes (87%). The above results show that FF consumption varied widely among the children, and that most of the children's foods were fortified with several vitamins and minerals without a common rule; thus, subjects risked over consuming vitamins and minerals by eating FFs. Therefore, practical guideline on FF use for children's optimal nutrition and health should be provided through nutrition education.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of a nutrition education program of reducing children`s sugar intake based on social cognitive theory. This education program composed of 6 units was conducted in discretional activity class of the 3rd and 4th grade elementary school students. The results are as follows: First, the rate of correct answers and score of nutrition knowledge significantly increased after nutrition education. The scores of nutrition education in male students, students whose mothers have no job, and students with skinny physiques were much improved after nutrition education(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively). Second, the dietary attitudes toward reducing sugar intake and checking nutrition labels significantly improved(p<0.05). And also, it tended to decrease in preference and intake of sweet foods. Third, the consumption of candy·caramel·jelly(p<0.05), yogurt(p<0.05), jam·honey(p<0.05), and ice cream(p<0.001) were reduced after nutrition education. Besides, obese students` consumption of isotonic beverages, carbonated beverages, and fruit juice was reduced. Therefore, a positive change in dietary behavior appeared. Based on the above results, we confirmed that the nutrition education program focusing on reducing sugar intake applied with social cognitive theory was effective for improving the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary behavior in sugar intake in elementary school students. Especially, this program showed the improvement in nutrition knowledge as well as dietary attitude and behavior in sugar intake among obese children. Since nutrition education during childhood significantly influences lifetime-health and disease prevention, it is necessary to develop theory-based nutrition education program and practice systematic and constant nutrition education in elementary schools.

We conducted a study to investigate milk and dairy products consumption among elementary school students to identify ways to increase their intake of milk and dairy products. We asked 518 students in Seoul to fill out questionnaire. Only 55.6% of the subjects consumed milk daily, and 43.7% of them drank at least 1 cup per day. The frequency and quantity of milk consumption were higher in male students than female students. The majority of the subjects consumed whole milk, and most students(59.5%) preferred flavored milk to whole milk. The reasons given for drinking milk included ``wanting to be tall``(66.1%) and ``for good health``(47.1%), while the main reason given for not drinking milk was stomach pain (68.4%). Records of having an unpleasant experience and upset stomach after drinking milk occurred at a higher rate for those who did not drink milk(84.2%) than for those who did(53.3%). Of the students questioned, 36.9% consumed dairy products other than milk 3～4 times per week, and liquid-type yoghurt(43.8%) and ice cream(35.4%) were the preferred dairy products among students. The reasons given for consuming dairy products were ``good taste``(56.6%), ``good to eat``(46.6%), ``wanting to be tall``(32.4%), and ``for good health``(25.4%). Among those students who did not consumed dairy products, the major reason given was ``family does not eat at home``(33.3%). After consuming the dairy products, 71.4% of participants thought that dairy products did not result in physical improvement. Most students had experienced purchasing milk and dairy products by themselves. When they bought milk or dairy products, the reasons given for making a particular selection were ``shelf-life``(61.6%) for milk, and ``favorite dairy products``(54.1%) for dairy products. According to participants, the factors that need to be considered for milk and dairy product consumption among elementary school students are ``higher nutrition`` (60.8%), ``better sanitation``(57.3%), and ``better quality and taste``(55.2%).

This study is aimed at examining the status of seafoods intake and preference to actively use the seafoods with high nutritional values and preference. For this purpose, this study conducted a questionnaire survey. The demographic features of the respondents are as follows: male and female high school students were 50%, respectively; first graders were 33.3%, second graders were 35.0% and third graders are 31.7%; the primary dietary-care giver was mother in 80% of the respondents. The survey results on seafood intake at home showed that the most frequently responses to the question of the degree of liking seafood were ``on average`` and ``like it``, respectively in order. The reason for preferring seafood is ``because it tastes good`` in 43.7% of the respondents. Both male and female respondents answered they like seafood for its good taste. With respect to the degree of preference for the seafood provided from the school meals, there were more students who like it than those who do not like it. The most frequent reason to ingest seafood in the school meals is because ``I want to eat it`` followed by ``because parents push``, ``because friends eat it``, ``because health-related TV programs recommend it``, respectively in order. The most preferred seafood in the school meals was fried shrimp and the most disliked one is the boiled warty sea squirt. The above results collectively suggest that the preference level for seafood is low and the most preferred one is fried seafood. It is suggested that the nutritionists need to actively develop menu for the students to ingest more various seafoods.

본 연구는 2009년 12월부터 2010년 7월까지 일반계 여고 40명, 일반계 남녀공학 40명, 예고남여공학 30명 학생들을 대상으로 전전두엽 뇌파측정 결과를 바탕으로 산출된 다양한 뇌기능분석과 뇌기능지수를 통해 예능계 고등학생들의 뇌 발달 특성과 정서 및 성향이 일반계 고등학생들과 차이점이 무엇인지 구체적으로 파악하였다. 목적에 따라 분석한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예능계 고등학생과 일반계 고등학생 간에 전전두엽 뇌파에서 몇 가지 범주에서 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 좌우뇌 균형에 있어 예능계 고등학생과 일반계 고등학생 뇌파에서 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 예능계 고등학생과 일반계 고등학생 간에 정서 및 성향에서 차이가 없었다.

목적 : 시각장애학생의 일상생활활동, 수단적 일상생활활동, 인지능력을 알아보기 위함이다. 대상 : 특수학교를 다니고 있는 15-22세 사이의 시각장애학생 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구방법 : 일상생활활동수행력을 알아보기 위해 FIM을 사용하였고, 수단적 일상생활활동수행력을 알아보기 위해 K-IADL을 사용하였으며, 인지능력을 알아보기 위해 NCSE를 사용하였다. 성별에 따른 수행력을 알아보기 위해 t-test를 실시하였고, 장애등급에 따른 수행력을 알아보기 위해 one-way ANOVA를 실시하였다. 결과 : 성별에 따라 일상생활활동 수행력과 수단적 일상생활활동수행력은 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 장애등급에 따라서는 인지 능력만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 성별에 따른 일상생활활동 수행력과 수단적 일상생활활동 수행력은 남자보다 여자가 더 독립적임을 알 수 있었으며, 장애등급에 따라서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 인지능력은 남자보다 여자가 더 높은 수준을 보였으며, 장애등급에 따라서도 유의한 차이를 보였다.

본고는 ｢학생들 사이에서｣에 나타나 있는 불교적인 개념을 살펴봄으로써 예이츠가 불교를 어떻게 이해하고 있으며, 그가 수용한 불교의 개념이 무엇인가? 그리고 그가 어느 정도까지 수용하고 있는가를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 서론부분에서 예이츠가 불교에 접하게 된 계기 및 과정을 고찰하여 예이츠의 작품을 불교적으로 해석하는 것이 무리가 아님을 논증한다. 시인이 불교에 대하여 알지 못하거나 불교를 접한 바가 없다 하더라도 시인의 작품을 불교적으로 해석하지 못하는 것은 아니다. 그렇지만 시인이 불교에 접하고 불교를 알고 있었다면 그의 작품에 그 영향이 남아 있을 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 그의 작품을 불교적으로 해석하는 것이 보다 타당할 수 있다.