Recently developed a variety of architectural interior decoration according hwadoeme type of toxic gases generated during fire also are becoming diversified, resulting in fatal casualties occurred in the trend is also being increased. During a fire, toxic gas that is generated varies depending on the combustible material occurs. However, all combustible materials, including carbon, incomplete combustion of carbon monoxide which is generated in the most common toxic gases can be seen as one. Accordingly, in this study of organic solids that are generated in case of fire toxic gases, and briefly discuss the characteristics of the risks and, by far the most common Co gas for measures to prevent human casualties, seolbijeok, the temperature dependence, divided into four aspects of administrative daechaekdeung explained.

Fire disasters have frequently happened in concrete structures, which resulted in severe structural damages and unsafety. In this case, the method which had evaluated the safety of damaged structures was often unaccepted from most of stakeholders and engineers. The objective of this study is to develope the procedure and method to be able to determine the safety. Numerical simulation was applied to produce the maximum temperature and temperature distribution. Nextly, temperature propagation analysis was performed to plot temperature gradients at each depth and location. The material strength curve versus temperature was applied to determine the safety of concrete structures damaged by fire. The maximum temperature should be calibrated considering real fire records ; magnitude, intensity, situation etc. The results shows that the selected procedure and method was applicable and practical.

This paper examines the applicability of formal safety assessment to the passenger ships. This is followed by an analysis of passenger ship characteristics and a proposed formal safety assessment methodology. Five interlocking steps are described to construct a safety model including novel risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis and decision-making approaches. A case study is carried out in order to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Further development in formal safety assessment in the context of passenger ship safety is finally discussed in detail.

The automatic fire detection system is an important facility installed with focusing on minimizing the damage from a fire. This paper presents in the followings as the methods to reduce the false alarm of the automatic fire detection system; first, to prepare for legal standard so that revised legal standard can be applied to the fire fighting property prior to revision; second, to introduce the performance based fire detection protection design in the law based fire protection design; third, to maintain the wiring of worn-out detector; forth, to introduce an evaluation system to the education for the fire warden; fifth, to extend the standard of MTBF(meantime between failure) of the detector; sixth, to extend of installing the analog type detector; seventh, to improve the structure of reset switch.

게임업계와 학계에서는 가상현실 게임을 이용한 훈련 방법에 대해서 많은 연구가 진행 중이다. 그러나 소방훈련 등에 사용할 가상훈련 게임 개발에 대한 연구는 그 필요성에도 불구하고 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구는 소방연습을 위한 개념적 단계의 가상현실 훈련 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 이 연구를 통하여, 소화훈련에 대한 가상현실 게임을 위한 네 단계의 주요 과정과 작업내용이 제안되었다. 이 네 가지 단계는 준비단계, 출동단계, 화재진압단계, 평가단계로 구성된다. 이러한 가상현실 훈련 시스템과 훈련 방식에 대한 디자인은 소방훈련을 위한 용도와 화재에 대한 경각심을 일깨울 수 있는 기능적 용도와 함께 다양한 유사 디자인을 만들어내는 데 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는, 반도체, LCD 공정에서 금속막을 증착하기 위하여 PECVD장비에 화재, 폭발 위험성과 독성을 가진 Silane가스를 사용하게 되는 장비인 gas cabinet, pipeline, VMB(Valve manifold box), MFC(mass flow controller)장비 등, 전반적인 시스템에 대하여 영국 HES의 ALARP개념을 도입하여 위험성 평가를 실시하여 문제점을 도출하고 대책을 강구 하는데 목적이 있고, 여러 가지 문제점중

콘크리트의 사용은 건축 및 토목분야에서 널리 사용되어 왔으며, 센서는 콘크리트에 기능적 특성을 위해 사용되어 왔다. 손상을 스스로 나타내는 콘크리트는 이미 개발되고 있는 중에 있다. 본 연구에서 온도보상센서는 금속의 선형팽창과 체적변형을 이용한 센서이다. LED는 광센서로 고휘도이며, 이들 센서의 가격은 저가격이다. 화재하중으로 인하여 콘크리트 보의 온도보상센서가 동작하는 동안 지상 보의 LED동작으로 콘크리트 부재의 온도상승을 예측한다. 본 연구에서는 부재의 손상감지를 위해 간단한 계측방법을 이용하여 화재자현을 스스로 나타내는 콘크리트 보를 개발하기 위한 기초적 연구이다.

This is to show some basic data for introducing both circulated aggregate and recycled powder producing waste concrete. Standard-mixing design for 24MPa has been basically used and added and replaced normal aggregate with recycled powder made of waste concrete. In addition, polycarboxylate high-range water reducing agent has been used because recycled powder is missing adhesive strength and it is not compare with cement's adhesive strength. Compressive strength with powder mixture of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% has been decreased down to 80% of normal concrete material strength without recycled powder mixture. 200℃, 400℃ and 600℃ heated concrete were compressively tested in order to find out concrete strength resistant to high temperature. heat capacity was also tested, based on the expectancy of its low conductivity. In addition, thermal conduction test was tested in order to find out concrete insulation. According to this test, when concrete was tested by fire resistance, it using the circulation aggregate was same resulted by concrete using the natural aggregate. also, recycle powder was not effecting insulation performance. but it is fit to standard on concrete insulation of building law.

Recently, in circumstantial situation it is recommended positively to utilize of EIFS(Exterior Insulating and Finishing System) as energy policy for economizing energy. But internal EPS insulators of EIFS are exterior panel of high fire risk, because of constituting of flammable materials to be fragile in fire. In this study, fire risk is assessed by experiment Con Calorimeter test and SBI(Single Burning Item) test. As the result of experiment, Con Calorimeter tests do not reach to capability standard of internal incombustible grade, and are assessed as low grade in SBI incombustible grade. Because EIPS is exterior material in buildings with high fire risk in spite of good efficiency, it is required rapidly to take measures to meet situation through various studies(for instance, adjusting law regulation, etc.) in the future.

As a results of comparing with fire occurrences and gross national income(GNI), annual fire increasing rate has been 5.6%, and that of GNI has been 11% for the past 55 years. As GNI shows 5.4% higher than fire occurrences, economy growing rate is faster than that of fires. In addition, study has been done every 10 years from 1950's to 2000's. Fire occurrences increase twice as much annually and GNI increases above 3.3 times as much.