Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that accounts for over 9% of all incidences of cancer. Additionally, colorectal cancer is widely recognized as an environmental disease related to ill-defined cultural, social and lifestyle factors including physical activity, obesity, cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. Accordingly, natural phytochemicals and extracts have attracted attention because of their beneficial biological effects. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a common supplementary medicine applied to increase bioenergetic capacity in various diseases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether CoQ10 treatment has any inhibitory effects and its related cellular mechanisms in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. A MTT assay revealed that CoQ10 slightly decreased the proliferation of HCT116 cells; however, glutathione- and superoxide dismutase- activity were unchanged in response to CoQ10 treatment. A DCF-DA assay revealed that CoQ10 slightly increased ROS release of HCT116 cells. However, in a nitric oxide (NO) assay, CoQ10 significantly increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot analysis revealed that the protein levels of Bax, p21 and p53 were increased, whereas the protein level of Bcl2 was decreased suggesting that the CoQ10-mediated inhibitory mechanism is associated with apoptotic signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that CoQ10 has an inhibitory effect on the growth of colon cancer cells via NO production that is associated with regulation of factors involved in apoptotic signaling including Bax, Bcl2, p21 and p53.

목적: 본 연구는 10대 청소년에서 비정시안의 굴절이상 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 대상은 2007년부터 2016년까지 10년간 매년 안경원을 방문한 청소년(15세 ~ 19세) 212명의 굴절이상 변화를 추적 관찰하였다. 최초 방문 시 얻은 굴절이상 정도에 따라 대상을 Group1(0.00D ~ -3.00D), Group2(-3.25D ~ -6.00D), Group3(-6.25D 이상)으로 분류하 조사하였으며, 시간에 따른 굴절이상도 변화의 상관관계는 SPSS 20.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 굴절이상도 분석결과 Group1에서 -1.75± 0.75D , Group2는 -3.65± 1.45D, Group3은 –7.23± 1.24D로 나타났다. 10년간 근시의 연평균 증가량은 Group1에서 -0.38± 0.25D(r=0.912 , p<0.005), Group2는 -0.40± 0.33D(r=0.943 , p<0.005), Group3은 -0.45± 0.27D(r=0.988 , p<0.001)로 Group3에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 10년간 나이에 따른 굴절이상도의 변화 추이를 분석한 결과 최초 방문연령이 15세인 그룹은 매년 -0.55D, 16세는 -0.49D,17세는-0.46D, 18세는-0.41D, 19세는-0.33D씩 증가하였고, 15 세에서-0.55D(r=0.980, p<0.005)로 가장 큰 변화를 보였다. 결론: 10대 청소년 15세~19세 중 나이가 가장 어린 15세에서 굴절이상도가 가장 크게 증가하였다. 3 Group중 굴절이상도가 가장 높은 Group 3에서 굴절이상도가 가장 크게 증가 하였다. 10년간 전체 대상의 굴절이상도 추적관찰 결과 연령은 어릴수록, 근시도가 높을수록 굴절이상도가 증가하였다. 이에 굴절이상도와 굴절이상 발생 연령에 따른 시력저하 억제에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것이다.

This research analyzedconsumer culture and usage of sugar in modern times based on 12 modern popular Korean cooking books with sugar recipes. Procedures were formed via textual analysis. The outcomes of the study can be summarized in brief statements. According to「Banchandeungsok」,「Booinpilj」, and「Chosunmoossangsinsikyorijebeob」, sugar was utilized in 34 out of 663 or 5.1% of cooked foods during the 1910s to 1920s. According to books such as 「Ganpyounchosunyorijebeob」,「Ililhwalyongsinyoungyangyoribeob」,「Chosun’s cooking of the four seasons」,「Halpaengyoungoo」, 「Chosunyorijebeob」, and 「Required reading for housewife」, sugar was added to 165 out of 998 or 16.5% of cooked foods during the 1930s. According to the books like「Chosunyorihak」,「Chosunyoribeob」, and「Woorieumsik」, sugar was an ingredient in 241 out of 756 or 31.9% of cooked foods during the 1940s. Sugar depicted within the 12 modern popular Korean cooking books primarily functioned as an alternative sweetener, starch, sweet enhancer, preservative, and seasoning. Similar to illustrated sugar from modern popular Korean cooking books, sugar has continually been favored by Korean cooks starting from the 1910s with 5.1% usage, the 1930s with 16.5% usage, and the 1940s with 31.9% usage. Despite its short history, sugar’s culinary importance in Korea has been on the rise ever since the early 1900s. Although sugar is an exotic spice in Korea, it has gained social, cultural, and symbolic recognition as well as practicality within Korean food culture. Thus, it has become more internalized and familiarized as an inseparable sweetness that characterizes current Korean food.

광주비엔날레는 광주 민주화 운동으로 인한 도시의 상처를 문화적으로 치유한다는 명분을 내 세우며 1995년 국내 첫 비엔날레로 창설됐다. 광주비엔날레의 지역성은 5ㆍ18 민주화운동에 상당 부분 기대고 있으며, 주최측은 이를 ‘광주정신’이라고 표현해 왔다. 초창기엔 본전시에 민중미술 작 품을 출품하는 것으로 지역성을 드러냈으며, ‘지역’의 범위는 광주에서 한국, 재외 교포, 아시아 등 으로 점차 확장됐다. 2010년의 제8회 《만인보》에서는 5ㆍ18과 직접적 연관성이 없는 작품들만으 로 전시를 꾸렸다. 본논문은 《만인보》가 캄보디아 폴포트 정권의 양민 학살 관련 사진, 중국 ‘수조 원’ 등 지구상 ‘또다른 광주’들을 전시장에 소환함으로써 광주의 지역성을 오히려 강화, 지역성 구 현의 전환점을 이루었음을 밝혔다.

표고 톱밥재배용 우량 품종을 육성하기 위해 생산성 높고 품질이 우수한 산조701호와 수집균주 FMRI1132 를 모균주로 선발하였다. 이들 모균주들로부터 수집된 담자포자를 발아시켜 모균주별로 20개씩 단핵균주를 선발하여 400개 교배조합을 실시하였다. 이들 중 60개 교배균주를 선발하고 톱밥재배 자실체 특성검정을 통해 생산성 및 형태적 특성이 우수한 균주를 최종 선발하여 산조710호라 명명하였다. 산조710호의 균사생장 적온은 25°C, 버섯 발생온도 범위는 12~25°C로 중고온성이며, 버섯발생 및 생육은 18~23°C 내외에서 가장 좋았다. 갓형태는 평반구형이며 버섯의 육질이 단단하고 모균주인 산조701호에 비해 배양숙성 기간이 30일 이상 짧아 버섯발생이 빠른 품종으로 판단되었다. 갓두께는 20.3mm로 두꺼우며 갓직경과 대길 이를 비교한 갓/대길이 비율은 2.3으로 갓에 비해 대가 짧은 형태적으로 우수한 특성을 보였다. 대길이는 30.4mm, 대굵기 12.9mm, 개체중이 20.1g으로 비교적 중형 또는 중소형의 자실체 특성을 나타내었다.

Cylindrical steel shell sections have been applied in various engineering fields particularly in recent installations of wind turbine towers. Hence, many researchers are interested in studying cylindrical steel shell structures. However, studies on the effect of the presence or absence of openings are insufficient. Thus, the design criteria for the opening as well as the behavior of wind turbine tower are not clearly presented. Therefore, this study examines the ultimate strength and the behavior of wind tower in consideration of openings, presence of stiffeners, changes in opening width, and thickness variation of stiffeners. ABAQUS, a universal finite element analysis program, was used in to conduct this research. Finally, the results of this study can be a reference for the design and production of wind towers with openings.

The characteristics of PM10 generation by subway operation such as acceleration, constant velocity, deceleration or stoppage were measured in real time to study its causes. For measurement positions, the lower center point on the front side of the Tc1-car was selected to observe the re- suspension caused by train draft, and behind the M2-car wheel and the T1-car wheel were selected observe the abrasion loss from friction generation during cabin operation. The measurement results showed that the PM10 generation is increased by train draft was 5.6% in the constant velocity section and 1.45% in the acceleration/deceleration sections. The increase by adhesiveness for cabin acceleration/deceleration was 9.6%, while the increase caused by friction from motor operation and steering was 5.1%. On the other hand, the amount of PM10 flowing into the station when a cabin was stopped at a station was 136% of normal condition and this might be the key reason of PM10 pollution in a subway tunnels since most pollution is accumulated there.

PURPOSES :The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum mix design of the content of 100 % reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for spray injection application with different binder types.METHODS:Literature review revealed that spray injection method is the one of the efficient and economical methods for repairing a small defective area on an asphalt pavement. The Rapid-Setting Polymer modified asphalt mixtures using two types of rapid setting polymers-asphalt emulsion and a quick setting polymer asphalt emulsion-were subjected to the following tests to determine optimum mix designs and for performance comparison: 1) Marshall stability test, 2) Retained stability test, 3) Wet track abrasion test, and 4) Dynamic stability test.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS :Type A, B, and C emulsions were tested with different mix designs using RAP aggregates, to compare the performances and determine the optimum mix design. Performance of mixtures with Type A emulsion exceeded that of mixtures with Type B and C emulsion in all aspects. In particular, Type A binder demonstrated the highest performance for WTAT at low temperature. It demonstrated the practicality of using Type A mixture during the cold season. Furthers studies are to be performed to verify the optimum mix design for machine application. Differences in optimum mix designs for machine application and lab application will be corrected through field tests.

Moon, Hyun-Hee. 2017. “Changes of English Company Names in KOSPI: From the 1940s to the Mid-2010s”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(1). 53~83. This study aimed at investigating to what extent, in what ways, and for what purposes English has been used in Korean company names from the 1940s to the mid-2010s. Of those registered in KOSPI (the Korea Composite Stock Price Index) in July 2014, 165 companies with English names were chosen for the study. In order to grasp longitudinal trends, the linguistic composition of original names and subsequent name-changes were analyzed. The results demonstrate that Korean was the dominant language of company names between the 1940s and the 1970s, while English gained popularity in the 1980s and since then, consolidated its position as the most attractive lexical source. A Single word was the first form applied to English names, followed by a compound and an acronym. Since the 1990s, more complex forms combining clipping and blending have been widely employed, diversifying word formation types. Parts of speech, once limited to nouns, adjectives, and verbs, have later broadened to include articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. The major reason for the influx of English names is the positive images of English which connect them with being modern, global, progressive, future-oriented, and high-tech. The study shows that Korean companies have also discovered a new linguistic advantage of English, which has permitted them to incorporate diverse meanings into their names, and this has played an important role in strengthening the position of English.

This transport cask for radioactive materials will be used in the Gijang reactor. It will transport the Ir-192 10,000 Ci or I-131 80 Ci. In this case, the safety evaluation, such as protection of leakage of radioactive material, and radiation shield should be carried out before it is used in the research reactor. The safety regulation requires various tests, such as water spray, free drop, penetration, and water immersion. But this paper considers only the regulations related with thermal-stress and drop impact under the normal conditions because it will be used only in the research reactor building. In this paper, coupled numerical analysis was performed using finite element simulation to investigate the effect of position of tungsten and lead to enhance the safety of transport cask. As a result of simulation, it was verified that the Tungsten-Lead structure is the most durable among the cases considered in the study with a viewpoint of thermal-stress and drop impact.

Chronic inflammation, which results from continuous exposure to antigens, is one of major reasons for tissue damage and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts (hexane, CHCl3, MeOH, MeOH/H2O, and H2O) from GW10-45, which is our new cultivar of an edible mushroom Pleurotus ferulae (ASI 2803 and ASI 2778), in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. None of the extracts showed cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells and the hexane, CHCl and H extracts reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, an important inflammatory marker, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Particularly, the extract (CG45) inhibited NO production more than the other extracts did. To elucidate the effects of CG45 on molecular targets involved in proinflammatory responses, we performed western blot analysis. Expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) significantly decreased in LPS and CG45 co-incubated cells compared to that in LPS only-treated cells. Additionally, another protein thatplays a critical role in inflammation, was down-regulated in cells treated with both LPS and CG45. In the nuclear factor (NF)- B pathway, phosphorylation of I Bα decreased in RAW264.7 cells treated with both LPS and CG45. Furthermore, CG45 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF- B in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusively, CG45 could suppress proinflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by down-regulating not only the phosphorylation of NF- B and I Bα but also the expression of iNOS and COX-2 without any cytotoxicity.

목 적: KR-8100P, Nvision K-5001, KR-1W로 측정한 굴절이상도를 자각식 굴절검사와 비교하여 정확 도를 평가하였다. 방 법: 근시성 난시안인 20 ~ 29세 성인 42명(84안, 23.90±2.39세)을 대상으로 내부형 자동굴절계 (KR-8100P), 개방형 자동굴절계(Nvision K-5001), 파면수차계(KR-1W)를 이용하여 굴절이상을 각각 측정 하였고, Power vector를 이용하여 등가구면굴절력을 나타내는 M 성분과 원주굴절력 J0 와 J45 성분으로 변 환하여 분석하였다. 검사기기 측정값의 정확도는 자각식 굴절검사를 기준으로 각각의 기기에서 측정한 값을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: KR-8100P와 자각식굴절검사의 M, J0, J45 각각의 차이값의 평균은 -0.34±0.42 D, 0.06±0.22 D, -0.08±0.15 D로 모든 성분에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), Nvision K-5001과 자각식굴절검사의 M, J0, J45 차이값은 0.20±0.47 D, -0.03±0.22 D, -0.01±0.16 D로 M 성분에서 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), J0, J45 에서는 차이가 없었다(p=0.17, p=0.68). KR-1W와 자각식굴절검사의 M, J0, J45 차이값은 -0.14±0.39 D, -0.02±0.18 D, -0.02±0.14 D로 M 성분은 차이가 있었고(p<0.05) J0 와 J45 에서는 차 이가 없었다(p=0.43, p=0.05). 각각의 기기로 측정한 M, J0, J45 성분들의 정확성계수는 KR-8100P에서는 0.823, 0.431, 0.294, Nvision K-5001에서는 0.921, 0.431, 0.313, KR-1W에서는 0.764, 0.352, 0.274로 나타났다. 결 론: 자각식 굴절검사를 기준으로 비교한 자동굴절계의 정확도는 KR-1W가 KR-8100P와 Nvision K-5001보다 더 높았고, 검사값의 차이가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났지만 임상적으로 판단할 때 차이 가 있다고 할 수 없는 정도이기 때문에 자동굴절계는 모두 자각식 굴절검사를 위한 예비검사에 적합하다고 생각된다.

에르고치오네인은 균류, 즉 곰팡이에서만 생합성 되는 물질로서 활성산소 제거, 항산화 또는 항염증, 노화 억 제에 효과가 있으며, 2010년에 미국에서 항노화 크림류 TOP 10에 들면서 미백효과와 주름개선 화장품으로도 인기가 높다. 이러한 버섯의 기능성을 강화하여 소비자가 선호하는 버섯 품종을 개발함으로써 내수증대를 통 해서 새로운 시장을 창출하고자 2010년에 수량이 많은 아위느타리 계통과 버섯 형태형성이 잘되는 계통을 교잡하여 소정의 육성 절차를 거쳐서 2015년에 육성하였는데 육성경위를 보면 2009년 보존중인 아위느타리 41균주에 대한 자실체 특성을 조사하여 8개의 우수균주를 선발하였다. 2010년 우수균주 가운데 수량성 뛰어 난 ASI 2803과 형태형성이 좋은 ASI 2778의 단포자를 분리하여 Di-Mon 교배법으로 교잡하였다. 2011년 20개 의 교잡주 중에서 회백색을 띄며 형태가 좋은 우량계통 9균주를 선발하였다. 2011~2013 3년간 생산력 검정시 험을 거쳐 고품질 우량계통을 선발하여 2014~2015년간 항산화물질 에르고치오네인을 분석하여 수량 및 형태 형성 그리고 에르고치오네인 함량이 높은 GW10-45을 선발하여 그 우수성이 인정되어 2015년 특허 출원하였 다. ‘GW10-45’의 항산화 성분인 에르고치오네인 함량이 기존에 가장 높다고 알려진 노랑느타리에 비해 높아 식용뿐만 아니라 가공용으로도 인기가 있으며, 식의약 소재 등으로 널리 이용가능하리라 판단된다.