We present JHK near-infrared photometric study for the old open cluster (OC) Trumpler 5 (Tr 5), based on the 2MASS data. From the color-magnitude diagrams of Tr 5, we have located the position of the red giant clump (RGC) stars, and used the mean magnitude of the RGC stars in K-band to estimate the distance to Tr 5, d = 3:1±0:1 kpc ((m-M)0 = 12:46±0:04). From fitting the theoretical isochrones of Padova group, we have estimated the reddening, metallicity, and age : E(B-V ) = 0:64±0:05, [Fe/H] = -0:4 ± 0:1 dex, and t = 2:8 ± 0:2 Gyr (log t = 9:45 ± 0:04), respectively. These parameters generally agree well with those obtained from the previous studies on Tr 5 and confirms that this cluster is an old OC with metallicity being metal-poorer than solar abundance, located in the anti-Galactic center region.
독도는 512년에 신라의 영토로 편입한 이래 우산도(于山島)라는 이름으로 불리우는 한국의 영토였으며 일본은 오랫동안 울릉도를 죽도, 독도를 송도라고 부르며 한국의 영토로 인정하였었다. 그러나 일본은 1905년에 독도를 불법적으로 그들의 영토로 편입하고는 죽도(竹島)라고 칭하였다. 하지만 우리나라의 많은 지도들이 증명하는 것처럼 독도는 엄연한 한국 땅이다. 일본에서 간행된 공식지도에도 독도를 한국의 영토로 인정하였으며, 19세기 들어와 제작된 300여종의 일본지도에서도 독도는 한국 땅으로 인정하고 있다. 그 외에 서양에서 제작된 많은 지도에서도 독도는 한국 땅으로 인정받고 있다.
본 연구는 원예치료가 치매노인의 일상생활 수행능력과 인지기능에 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법은 시설에서 요양 중인 치매노인을 대상으로 정서적인 안정과 손 기능은 물론 인지기능을 강화하여 일상생활 수행능력을 향상시키고자 다양한 원예활동을 실시하였다. 원예치료 실시 전과 후의 일상생활 수행능력의 변화를 평가한 결과 대조군은 9.71점에서 9.21점으로 시간이 지날수록 일상생활 수행능력이 감소되었으나 실험군은 원예치료 실시 전 10.86점에서 실시 후 12.43점으로 일상생활 수행능력이 유의하게(p=.009) 향상되었다. 그리고 인지기능의 변화를 평가한 결과 대조군은 10.57점에서 9.07점으로 인지기능이 떨어졌으나 실험군은 원예치료 실시 전 10.43점에서 실시 후 13.29점으로 인지기능이 유의하게(p=0.003) 향상되었다. 이와 같이 치매노인에게 식물을 매개체로 하는 다양한 원예활동은 치매노인의 일상생활 수행능력뿐만 아니라 인지기능 향상에 효과적이었다.
This study was conducted to investigate bone density and food behavior of middle-aged (〈65-years-of-age) and oldaged women (≥65-years-of-age) in the Seoul area of Korea. Average height and weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist-hip ration (WHR) of the middle-aged participants were 158.0 cm, 58.4 kg, 23.3, 29.7%, and 0.88. Corresponding measurements for old-aged participants were 152.6 cm, 56.3 kg, 24.1, 33.1%, and 0.93. T- and Z-scores for middle-aged women were -1.20 and -0.21, and those of old-aged women were -2.02 and -0.49. Osteopenia and osteoporosis percentage of middle- and old-aged women were 41.2% and 14.7%, and 45.2% and 37.1%, respectively. Significant differences were evident concerning between-meal, overeating, exercise, and nutritional supplementation among the two groups. Middle-aged women displayed a positive relationships between bone density and the parameters of height (p〈0.05), weight (p〈0.05), exercise (p〈0.05), consumption of soybean and soybean-processed food (p〈0.05), and negative relationships between bone density and the parameters of WHR (p〈0.001), consumption of meat and meatprocessed food (p〈0.05), and tea drinking (p〈0.05). In old-aged women group, positive relationships were evident for bone density and the parameters of height (p〈0.05), weight (p〈0.05), exercise (p〈0.05), nutritional supplementation (p〈0.05), and consumption of soybean and soybean-processed food (p〈0.05). The results reveal a link between healthy bones and desirable food behavior, indicating the importance of a practical and systematically organized food behavior education program for middle- and old-aged Korean women.
국내에서는 해양오염을 예방하기 위하여 해양오염방지관리인 제도를 운영하고 있다. 2007년 1월 19일 해양환경관리법(법률 제8260호)이 제정되어 2008년 1월 20일부터 시행으로 됨으로써 1977년 제정되어 시행되어 오던 해양오염방지법이 폐지됨에 따라 해양오염방지관리인 교육 제도에도 변화가 생겼다. 주요 개정 내용은 교육훈련기관, 교육훈련과정, 교육훈련대상자, 해양오염방지관리인 업무내용 및 준수사항, 해앙시설의 범위, 교육과목 등이다.
This study was performed to investigate the effects of aluminum sulfate administration on the brain tissues of old rats, when given at different concentrations. The experiment attempted to further ascertain whether aluminum exposure cause Alzheimer's disease. Seventy-five aged Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups; a control group, 2 ppm aluminum sulfate group, 20 ppm aluminum sulfate group, 40 ppm aluminum sulfate group, and 200 ppm aluminum sulfate group, and were kept on the respective diets for 12 weeks. In order to understand the influence of aluminum on the brain, serum aluminum concentrations, phospholipid composition, and catecholamine concentrations were compared between the aluminum-treated groups and the normal group. According to the results, serum aluminum was higher in the aluminum sulfate-treated groups than in the normal group. Within the cortex, catecholamine concentrationes were significantly increased but cerebellum and brainstem tissue were significantly decreased, in the aluminum sulfate-treated groups compared to the normal group. For phospholipid composition, phosphatidyl inositol was significantly increased wherase phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine were significantly decreased in the aluminum sulfate-treated groups versus the normal group. Based on the data, increased aluminum consumption in experimental animals causes increased serum aluminum levels and catecholamine variation. These phenomena are very similar to conditions of Alzherimer's disease. Therfore, the results of this experiment further suggest that aluminum cause Alzherimer's disease, coinciding with reports that aluminum is a cause of neurofibrilly tangles in the brain.
본 연구의 목적은 강원도 강릉시 강릉국유림 관리소 관할의 국유림 내에 위치한 27년생 잣나무 조림지를 대상으로 하여 바이오매스 및 바이오매스 구성비, 바이오매스 추정식, 순생산량, 줄기밀도 및 바이오매스 확장계수 등을 조사 분석하는데 있다. 선정된 표준지에 대하여 20m×20m 조사구를 설치한 후 매목조사를 실시하고, 직경급 분포를 고려하여 총 5주의 표본목을 벌채하였으며, 이 중 3주는 뿌리까지 전량 굴취하였다. 27년생 잣나무에 대한 임목 전체 건중량은 117.6 kg/tree로 나타났으며, 잣나무 임분의 지상부 건중량은 59.9 ton/ha, 지하부를 포함한 임목 전체 건중량은 82.4 ton/ha로 나타났다. 뿌리 대 지상부 비율은 0.38이였으며, 순생산량은 지상부 건중량 9.4 ton/ha, 지하부를 포함한 임목 전체 건중량 11.3 ton/ha로 나타났다. 줄기밀도는 0.49 g/㎤, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.78, 지상부와 지하부를 포함한 임목 전체 바이오매스 확장계수는 2.19로 나타났다. 이와 같은 자료는 잣나무조림지에 대하여 바이오매스 및 탄소축적량을 추정하는데 활용될 수가 있다.
We present UBV I photometry of the old open cluster NGC 1193. Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of this cluster show a well defined main sequence and a sparse red giant branch. For the inner region of r < 50′′, three blue straggler candidates are newly found in addition to the objects Kaluzny (1988) already found. The color-color diagrams show that the reddening value toward NGC 1193 is E(B − V ) = 0.19 ± 0.04. From the ultraviolet excess measurement, we derived the metallicity to be [Fe/H]= −0.45 ± 0.12. A distance modulus of (m −M)0 = 13.3 ± 0.15 is obtained from zero age main sequence fitting with the empirically calibrated Hyades isochrone of Pinsonneault et al. (2004). CMD comparison with the Padova isochrones by Bertelli et al. (1994) gives an age of log t = 9.7±0.1.
게임 산업이 발전하고, 게임 시장이 커짐에 따라 게임에 대한 많은 관심이 몰리고 있다. 특히 게임이 연구의 대상으로 떠오르고 있으며, 게임을 활용한 교육이나 재활, 의료 프로그램과 같은 게임의 순기능에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인지기능 향상에 적합한 차세대 기능성 게임을 설계하고 이를 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 게임을 통한 인지기능 진단 및 평가가 가능하고, 표준화 작업을 통하여 안정적인 결과를 추출하여야한다.
As a result of analyzing the floor plan shown in the three drafts, there were a great deal of differences in composing the space of the inner main hall. The inner room facing to the east with the arrangement crossing the inner floor at right angles in the 'Baekdangguje Draft' faces to the south in the east or west in front of the main house thereafter. This represents that it reflects the intent of the owner of the architecture emphasizing the size increase and ceremonies of the main house in the 'ㅁ shape', which has changed to the directions of easily accommodating the Confucian ceremonial activities in the floor plan of the inner house as the size of the main house was gradually increasing from 24 sections to 30 or 38 sections. The expansion in the size of main house further divided the functions of floor into one for daily life and the other for ceremonies as well. In other words, the 30 Sections in Yijeong Draft as being the first planned draft for reconstruction had a hall for memorial services in the main hall of the inner house, whereas the 'Draft with 38 Sections' as being the second planned draft for reconstruction was planning a room with a floor (two sections of Bangdang) for memorial purpose in the back of the inner main hall. The variations in the guest house (or space for men) shown in the drafts confirms the establishment of space for men as the size of the main house increases. We can see the change that a large guest house is placed over the south and in the south and east of the main house as the number of main house increases by 30 sections or 38 sections. Especially, a guest house with a wide space in a 'ㄴ shape' is arranged from the south of main house to the east wing in the Draft with 38 Sections. In addition, the backward sections are advanced in the front and back of guest house in the drafts with 30 and 38 sections, while a back floor or a back floor connecting to the back room or sleeping room or inner house is installed in the backward sections.
This study was performed to describe the perceptions of the family mealtime environment in preadolescents, and to determine the frequency of family meals and whether the mealtime environment is associated with nutrient intake. Surveys and 24-hour dietary recalls were completed by 197 children, ages 11 to 12, in elementary schools in the Incheon area. We assessed family meal frequency and the perceptions of the family meal environment with respect to priority, atmosphere, and family mealtime structure. The subject response frequencies and correlations among perceptions of the family mealtime environment, as well as the frequency of family meals and nutrient intake, were analyzed. Having a greater priority for family meals was associated with an increased frequency of family mealtimes. An enjoyable family meal environment was positively correlated with increases in nutrient intake. From the results of this study, we suggest consideration be placed on opportunities to design nutrition promotion strategies that target families and their children, with respect to promoting family mealtimes and overcoming the barriers to having family meals.
Among indoor air pollutants, the aldehydes are of particular interest due to their impact on health because they are mainly indoor air polluants which emitted from building materials and adhesives. Formaldehyde is also contributed by various construction materials, including pressed wood products made with urea formaldehyde resins or phenol formaldehyde resins, conversion varnishes, and latex paints. In this study, aldehyde levels were compared with new dwellings and old types under the various indoor conditions. Aldehydes were sampled in each indoor sampling site using 2,4-DNPH cartridge. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein appeared to be the major indoor aldehydes without relating any type of apartment. This study also revealed that propionaldehyde, butylaldehyde and benzaldehyde were of minor importance compared to formaldehyde level.