One of the objectives of any task design is to provide a safe and helpful workplace for the employees. The safety and health module may include means for confronting the design with safety and health regulations and standards as well as tools for obstacles and collisions detection (such as error models and simulators). Virtual Reality is a leading edge technology which has only very recently become available on platforms and at prices accessible to the majority of simulation engineers. The design of an automated manufacturing system is a complicated, multidisciplinary task that requires involvement of several specialists. In this paper, a design procedure that facilitates the safety and ergonomic considerations of an automated manufacturing system are described. The procedure consists of the following major steps: Data collection and analysis of the data, creation of a three-dimensional simulation model of the work environment, simulation for safety analysis and risk assessment, development of safety solutions, selection of the preferred solutions, implementation of the selected solutions, reporting, and training When improving the safety of an existing system the three-dimensional simulation model helps the designer to perceive the work from operators point of view objectively and safely without the exposure to hazards of the actual system.

Too many big accidents have been occurring in Korea during '90. Those were accidents of Sung-Soo Bridge in 1994 and Sam-Poong Department Store in 1995. It was confirmed that the causes of the accident were unreliable construction or building. Therefore, in this study are to use technique of virtual reality(VR) simulation in order to prevent construction accidents. To set up the VR in safety construction, Date Base of variables, VR model and expert system are needed. This system is to build expert system, to visualize of the VR system and navigation, and to find out design errors of construction. Therefore, the purpose of this was to analyze accident type of construction, and apply VR system for simulation technique.

W. B. Yeats and Thomas Hardy, as poets, were contemporaries. Their long careers spanned the transition from Romanticism to Modernism and their poetry constitute two of the most powerful dealings with that transition and those traditions. Younger poets after Yeats and Hardy have attested to their significant influences on their works respectively. Until 1930s it seems that the poets preferred Hardy as their poetic model, but after the 30s such a stand has become unpersuasive. Considering the course and interdependence of these two poets’ reputations and influences, we are led to acknowledge that Yeats and Hardy defined the options for poets for the whole period of the 20th century and that consequently poets have tended to be divided into two distinguishable streams. This paper aims to distinguish those different streams through the poetic works of Yeats and Hardy. There is some hint of determinism in both Yeats and Hardy, but with very important difference. In Yeats’s early poetry human weakness is implied despite a heavy-handed insistence on nature’s sympathetic; identification with man. But Hardy’s poetry implies a human strength in the face of a nature indifferent to man’s social arrangements and adjustments. Yeats proceeds dramatically to make a system, a private mythology; Hardy shows the structure of a mind capable of coming to a disturbing conclusion. Both Yeats and Hardy find nature for the most part unsympathetic to man, but while Yeats prefers to escape to a dreamy or fairy land or The Great Mind, Hardy illustrates man’s own resistance and adjustment within this world of reality. So, while Yeats offers a vision of a higher reality beyond or behind nature, Hardy, as a result of his acute scrutiny of appearances of the real world, offers us personal and narrative instances of man’s responses to the neutrality of nature. Hardy’s dealings with reality are for the most part moral, while those of Yeats’s incline to amorality, which means that Yeats allows himself to wander far from an acknowledgment of the limits of our individual lives and strengths. These different attitudes to reality lead to their poetic tone: Hardy’s-control of tone, Yeats’s being high and energetic. Considering the comparative characteristics of Yeats and Hardy we are led to conclude that they defined the options for the younger poets following after then: experimental and traditional, modernist and anti-modernist visionary, and discursive and rhetorical and plain.

Yeats constantly sought to express in his poetry the images that he actually felt and experienced in the real world. The images in his poetry are the reflection of his dream and ideal, and they are “realities” of the real world transformed through his own imagination. In his early poetry, the images often tend to be illusory and mystical as they depend on materials of legends and myths. But in his middle period, the tendency to be illusory and mystical has gradually vanished, and his poems begin to become realistic, based on materials of common life. But, to me, this change, from the ideal to the real, is not dichotomous. For Yeats, Real and Ideal seemed to be inseparably related to each other under their mutual influence. That is, he sought the realization of Ideal while he didn’t forget Real in his own Ideal because he knew very well that forgetting his Real meant loosing his identity. Furthermore, his poetry shows a dialectical development that becomes a harmony of Real and Ideal by overcoming the conflict between them and by positively accepting the reality of the world. Finally, Yeats created a sublimated reality through internal conflicts of his Real and Ideal. Thus, this essay tries to show the change of reality in Yeats’ poems, which goes through a dialectical development, focusing on the relation between reality and imagination in his poetry.

이 논문에서는 가상현실로 잘 알려진 인간과 컴퓨터 상호 작용에서의 3차원 음장 재생을 위한 요소 기술을 논하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 가상 공간과 같은 가상 환경을 갖는 선박 조종 시뮬레이터의 구현 가능성을 검토하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 머리 전달 함수(HRTF)를 이용한 3차원 음장 재생에서의 몇가지 핵심 기술을 고찰하고, 필터 탭수를 줄이기 위한 방법과 3차원 음장에서의 불연속 영역을 보간하기 위한 방법을 기술하였다.

The irradiated large components in a nuclear power plant must perform dismantling after performing a lot of training through mockup, but this mockup training is different the realistic environment such as a high radiation environment. Therefore, to develop a training system deployed in eXtended Reality (XR) that mimics a realistic environment, a suitable training and evaluation processes need to be developed. The target components for the training system select reactor, reactor internal and steam generator, and the training work of dismantling processes select dismantling, packaging and dismantling support work by reviewing the dismantling process of each component for XR application. By analyzing the detailed process of the selected dismantling process, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) application processes will be developed. The basic contents of training system present purpose, goal, period, and evaluation for training and the training contents develop the basic, improvement and intensified course by level. The basic model for evaluation develop 3 stages (reaction, training, behavior) and evaluation process present detail training contents, target and evaluation method, evaluation criteria by level. Additionally, the developed training course and evaluation models will be useful for worker training in dismantling process of nuclear power plant.

This paper describes the development and operation of an autonomous robotic system designed for pyroprocess automation. The unique challenges of pyroprocess automation, such as the need for a highly dry atmosphere to handle materials like chloride, are addressed through this system. For the experiments, a specialized dehumidifier and dry mock-up facility were designed to produce dry air condition. Performances of dry air conditioning for the various simulated situations were evaluated, including assessing worker access within a mock-up to determine the system’s feasibility. To enable automation, containers used for processing materials were modified to fit the gripper system of the gantry robot. The loading and unloading of materials in each equipment were automated to connect them with the robotic system. This gantry robot primarily utilized macro motions to approach waypoints containing process materials, reducing the need for precise approach motions. Its tapered jaw design allowed it to grip target objects even with imperfect positioning. The robot’s motions were programmed initially using a robot simulator for positioning and motion planning, and real-world accuracy was tested in a dry mock-up facility using the OPC platform. Finally, the paper discusses the potential application of XR (eXtended Reality) technology in this context, which could enhance the robot’s operation and provide valuable insights into the automation process. Further analysis of XR technology’s feasibility and benefits for this specific pyroprocess automation system are presented.

A person who performs or plans to conduct a physical protection inspection as stipulated by the law, the act on physical protection and radiological emergency, should obtain an inspector’s ID card certified and authorized by Nuclear Safety and Security Commission Order No.137 (referred to as Order 137). In addition, according to Order 137, KINAC has been operating some training courses for those with the inspector’s ID card or intending to acquire it. Also, strenuous efforts have been put to incrementally elevate their inspection related expertise. Since Republic of Korea has to import uranium enriched less than 20% in order to manufacture fuels of nuclear reactors in domestic and abroad, the physical protection for categorization III nuclear material in transit is significantly important along with an increase in transport. The expertise of inspectors should be constantly needed to strengthen as the increase in transport leads to an increase in inspection of nuclear material in transit. We have suggested a special way to improve the inspector’s capacities through Virtual Reality technology (VR). A 3-Dimensional virtual space was designed and developed using a 3-axis simulator and VR equipment for practical training. HP’s Reverb G2 product, which was developed in collaboration with VALVE Corporation and MicroSoft, was used as VR equipment, and the 3-axis motion simulator was developed by M-line STUDIO corp. in Korea for the purpose of realizing virtual reality. The training scenarios of transport inspection consist of three parts: preparation at the shipping point, transport in route including stops and handover at the receiving point. At the departure point, scenario of the transport preparation is composed with the contents of checking the transport-related documents which should be carried by shipper and/or carrier during transport and confirming who the shipper and/or carrier is. Second, scenario is designed for inspector to experience how carrier and/or shipper protect the nuclear material during transport or stops for rests or contingency and how they communicate with each other during transport. Lastly, scenario is developed focusing on key check items during handover of responsibilities to the facility operator at the destination. Those training scenarios can be adopted to strengthen the capabilities of those with inspector’s ID card of physical protection in accordance with Order 137 and to help new inspectors acquire inspectionrelated expertise. In addition, they can be used for domestic education to promote understanding of nuclear security, or may be used for education for people overseas for the purpose of export of nuclear facilities.

“Radiation measurement situation virtual reality program” is a three-dimensional modeling program. It is a program that virtually implements the measurement situation by applying visualization techniques such as animation effect charts, and effectively delivers gamma radiation energy spectrum data. This program was developed to respond to various measurement situations by visualizing major analysis objects such as radiation detectors, radioactive waste drums, radioactive building structures, and the ground surface as a 3D model. User-friendliness was secured by supporting various control functions such as distance, size, and angle while checking the three-dimensionally produced detector and analysis target in a virtual space. By using high-resolution photos obtained through 360-degree shooting, a virtual space was implemented to approximate the actual situation, such as the ground surface measurement. In addition, data communication safety was secured so that a large number of users could use it through a local area network in consideration of the actual operating environment.

이 연구는 가상현실 기반의 음악교육 콘텐츠를 개발하고, 그 효용성에 대하여 논의하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구에서는 교원학습공동체 소속의 교사 8명이 가상현실에 기반을 둔 가창학습 콘텐츠와 뮤지컬 공연 콘텐츠를 제작하는 과정에서 나타난 효용성과 자신이 겪은 경험에 대하여 논의를 한다. 이 연구에서 개발된 가상현실에 기반한 가창학습 콘텐츠의 특징은 첫째, 온라인 교수 환경에서도 모델링과 피드백에 유용한 콘텐츠이다. 둘째, 가상현실을 활용한 교수 환경을 통해 시 공간 개념을 확장하였고 전통 교실에서 어려웠던 1대 1 교수학습 환경을 제공한다. 셋째, 클라우드 기반의 모바일 교과서를 제공함으로써 학생들이 자기 주도적으로 학습할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 또한 교원학습공동체를 통한 콘텐츠 개발과정에서 나타난 교원들의 경험과 실천에 대한 논의의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습콘텐츠의 제작 과정에서 교사들은 시행착오 및 반성적 성찰을 통해 교사전문성이 성장하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교육콘텐츠 제작 후 공문 및 다양한 채널을 통해 나눔을 실천함으로써 교육크리에이터로서 보람과 긍지를 느꼈다. 셋째, 교원학습공동체의 자발성과 비전의 공유는 콘텐츠 제작을 위한 학습 참여에 긍정적인 요인으로 작용하였다. 콘텐츠의 개발 과 효용성에 관한 논의는 비대면 온라인 시대 음악교육의 발전을 위해 큰 기여를 하리라고 본다.

목적: 본 연구는 시지각 운동 적응과제 시 피드백 제공 방법에 따른 학습효과의 차이를 규명하고자 한다. 방법: 참여자 41명은 제시되는 피드백 형태에 따라 4집단(A, C, D 집단:10명, B집단:11명)으로 나뉘어 시지각 적응 운 동(팔 뻗기)과제를 수행하였다. 실험 1일차에 모든 참여자는 가상현실 상황 속에서 기준선 검사(baseline)와 시각적 왜곡을 극복하는 두 구간의 적응훈련(adaptation), 그리고 탈적응(washout)을 마쳤다. 그리고 약 24시간 뒤 모든 참여자에 대한 파지검사(retention)를 시행하였다. 수행의 공간 정확성을 평가하기 위해 각 구간의 실제 움직인 수행 궤적과 시작지점-목표지점을 연결한 목표 궤적 사이의 거리오차(distance error)를 산출하였다. 결과: 모든 집단은 적응 1구간과 2구간을 거치며 시각 피드백의 유무와 상관없이 운동 횟수가 증가함에 따라 수행의 공간 정확성은 향상되었으며 특히, 집단 D(운동감각-시각 순)가 가장 큰 수행 향상을 보였다. 파지 검사에서는 단일 피드백 집단 A, B와 다중 피드백 집단C, D 간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론: 이러한 연구결과는 시지각 운동 적응과 제 학습에 있어 모든 감각 피드백의 제공은 수행 향상에 효과를 보이며, 특히 파지검사에서는 단일 피드백 구조일 때 높은 잔존효과를 보이며 학습 효과가 나타났다. 따라서, 이 실험에서 제공된 피드백 종류나 구조와 관계없이 수행의 향상은 이루어질 수 있고, 특정한 피드백 제공 구조는 수행의 향상에 미치는 영향이 더 클 것으로 보인다.

『대성당 살인사건』에서 엘리엇은 하늘의 율법과 땅의 법이 충돌하는 양상을 그린다. 교회는 문제나 사건들을 율법이나 성령의 감화로 해결해왔고, 세상은 헌법이나 법률로 해결해왔다. 교회에서는 사제들이 주로 그 임무를 담당하지만, 세상에서는 대법관이 그 임무를 담당하였다. 이 처럼 현실세계와 이상세계의 교차점에 토머스 대주교가 있었다. 당시 헨리 2세는 통치의 효율성을 위하여 교회를 통하여 손쉽게 처리하려 했다. 즉 세상의 법에 교회의 법을 포함하는 계략을 세웠다. 그것이 바로 클라렌든 칙령이었다. 일촉즉발의 상황에서 토머스 대주교는 이를 거부 하고 7년간 프랑스로 망명했다가 순교하기 위하여 귀환한다. 그는 유혹 자들과의 대화에서, 자신의 삶과 의지가 야망과 쾌락으로 인해 암흑의 핵심인 지옥까지 연결되어 있음을 깨닫고 계획했던 순교의 의미를 재정립하게 된다. 그는 두려움이나 공포로부터 자유로워져서 기사들을 맞이 하고 결국 순교된다. 토머스의 피는 예수의 보혈처럼 헨리 2세의 질주 를 그치게 만들고, 교황과 화해를 이끌어, 캔터베리/땅과 천국에 진정한 평화가 깃들게 한다.

인터넷과 스마트폰의 혁신적인 발전은 관광산업에도 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 국내외 관광객 대부분이 스마트폰을 휴대하고 있으며, 스마트폰을 이용하여 관광 정보 및 길 안내 정보를 제공 받아 관광에 활용하고 있다. 또한, 증강현실 기술의 발전은 관광안내책자 등의 인쇄물과 유적지 앞의 안내판을 대신하는 등 관광 안내에 있어서도 증강현실 기반의 스마트 관광으로의 변화를 유도하고 있다. 이러한 추세를 따라 각 유적지와 관광지에서는 단순한 정보 제공을 넘어선 다양한 기능을 통해 사람들의 흥미를 유발하고 관광지로써의 매력을 부각할 수 있도록 다양한 증강현실 기반의 앱들을 활용한 지역관광 활성화 방안을 실시하고 있다. 그러나 현재 여러 지자체에서 시도하고 있는 다양한 형태의 증강현실 기반의 스마트 관광 플랫폼 구축에 있어서 아직까지 사용자 경험에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 또한 한국이 첨단 ICT 개발영역에 있어서 2위를 차지하고 있는 강국임에도 불구하고 이러한 기술을 관광 산업에 제대로 활용한 사례는 드물다. 이에 본 연구에서는 증강현실 기반 관광 앱의 사용자 경험 사례 연구를 통하여 스마트 관광의 방향을 제시해 보고자 한다. 사용자경험 관점에서 본 증강현실 스마트관광 앱의 사용성 평가를 위하여 서울시 중구의 증강현실 기반 ‘중구관광 AR엽서북’과 ‘스토리 안내판’ 과 서초구의 ‘서리PULAY: 독립의 시간’에 관한 설문 조사를 진행하여 사용자 경험 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 한국의 첨단 ICT기술을 적극 활용한 스마트관광 생태계 구축은 관광선진국이 되는 첫걸음이 될 것이다.

In this paper, we implemented a mobile application of location-based augmented reality that combines self-sensing technology and various safety information using technological advancements of the smartphone. Vessel navigation is a suitable area for augmented reality because it requires accurate knowledge of the distance and location of destinations, danger zones, AtoN, and adjacent vessels. Current smartphone applications only provide 2D images and location information. Such applications do not include information about the surrounding environment, and as a result, they can only function using their own sensing information and surrounding information into a location-based augmented reality. If you provide a variety of sensor information embedded in the smartphone to ‘BadaGO’, the implemented application through this study, ‘BadaGO’ can provide safe navigation information to the user device in real time with a variety of its own formed information. The user has a high practicality and applicability of a small ship that is supplied with safe navigation information in a changing marine environment only by providing information through the application on the smartphone.