최근 컴퓨터 기술의 발달로 인해 복잡한 형태를 가지는 기념비적인 건축물이 설계, 시공됨에 따라 비정형건축에 관한 사회적인 관심이 해외뿐만 아니라 국내에서도 증가하고 있다. 하지만 비정형 구조시스템의 구현하기 위한 기술 및 연구에 대한 사례가 부족하여 많은 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 3D모델링 프로그램과 최적설계를 수행하는 프로그램간의 인터페이스 모듈에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 3D 모델링 프로그램에서 자동 메쉬를 생성하고, 모델링에 대한 정보를 바로 추출하여 최적화를 수행하였다. 결과적으로 개발된 인터페이스 모듈의 검증을 위해 예제 모델을 선정하여 형상최적화을 수행하였다.

CRT와 달리 PDP (Plasmadisplaypanel)에서의 휘도는 입력 계조에 따라 선형적으로 증가한다. 이와같은 휘도 특성으로 인해 PDP에서는 역감마 보정을 수행하여야 한다. 저계조에서 CRT의 휘도 증가율은PDP와 비교하여 매우 낮다. 따라서, 역감마 보정 후 저계조 영역에서 표시 가능한 휘도의 개수가 감소하게 되어 의사윤곽이 발생한다. 이와 같은 문제점의 해결을 위해 디더링 또는 오차확산이 사용되고 있다. 그러나, PDP의 저계조에서 이웃한 두계조의 휘도 차가 인간 시각이 인지 가능할 정도로 크기 때문에 디더링 또는 오차확산의 결과에서 소수화소들이 isolated 도트로 인지된다. 본 논문에서는 시공간적인 문턱값 변조를 통해 PDP에서의 저계조 재현 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the TEMPOⓇ STA automated most probable number (MPN) system for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in comparison with a standard culture method. Artificially inoculated food products with S. aureus - triangle kimbap, sliced spring onion, dried filefish fillet, danpatjuk (sweet red-bean porridge with small rice dumplings)- were tested in this study. Twenty-five grams of each of food samples were added into 225 ㎖ of sterilized phosphate buffered saline in a TEMPOⓇ stomacher bag followed by stomaching for 2 min. One milliliter of the stomached sample was added to a bottle of culture medium. Cards were filled and sealed in the automated filler and then were incubated for 24 h at 37℃. After incubation, the cards were placed in the automated TEMPOⓇ reader and MPN results were generated. For comparison with a culture method, decimal dilutions were prepared from the same homogenized samples described above, transferred onto Baird Parker and Baird Parker-Rabbit Plasma Fibrinogen (BP-RPF) agar plates, and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 h. The performance of TEMPOⓇ STA method is equivalent to the culture method using Baird Parker or BP-RPF agar count plate for the enumeration of S. aureus in foods, eliminating a time-consuming and laborious process.

The objective of this study was to compare of different isolation method of mouse preantral follicles, and to examine in vitro development of mouse preantral follicles isolated by different method. Preantral follicles were mechanically or enzymatically extracted from mouse ovaries. Mechanical isolation method used fine gauge needles and enzymatic method of isolating follicles used collagenase. The recovered preantral follicles were cultured for 10 days in alpha-minimal essential medium (-MEM) + 5% FBS + Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS) + 100 mIU/ml FSH. The collected primary follicles by enzymatic treatment were higher than mechanical method. Others stage preantral follicle by mechanical isolation were higher than enzymatic method. After 10 days of culture, no statistical differences were shown in survival rates of preantral follicle among the 2 culture groups. The metaphase II rates of the oocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mechanical method (17.8%) than in enzymatic method (5.1%). These results suggest that the isolation method of choice depends on the target stage preantral follicles and mechanical isolation is an optimal method of preantral folliclesin a culture of mouse preantral follicle.

언양읍성 북문주변 성곽정비사업 일환으로 발굴조사한 지역에서 체성, 북문지와 옹성 1개소, 치성 2개소, 성 외측에 전체적으로 조성된 해자, 수혈유구 등 다양한 유구가 조사되었다. 이번 발굴조사에서 북문지와 옹성의 구조, 체성부와 치성의 축조방법, 규모 등이 명확하게 확인되었다. 특히 체성의 축조방법에 있어서 내벽의 경우 계단식 축조수법이 아닌 내탁부와 성 안쪽과 내벽 내탁부를 구분하는 경계석열이 확인된 것이 가장 큰 성과이다. 해자의 평면형태, 규모, 내부시설을 정확하게 확인할 수 있었으며, 또한 체성, 치성, 옹성과의 축조에 있어서 선후관계를 파악할 수 있었다. 즉 체성과 치성은 동시기에 축조되었으며, 북문지의 옹성은 체성보다 늦은 시기에 축조된 것으로 확인되었다. 조사지역에서 해발고도가 가장 높은 북서쪽 모서리에서 암거시설 형태의 입수구가 확인되었다. 그리고 해자와 만나는 구상유구가 확인되었는데, 입지조건, 내부시설 등으로 볼 때 해자쪽으로 물을 공급하는 용도의 구로 생각된다. 언양읍성은 문헌에서 확인된 읍성(석성)의 축조시기(1500년)와 이번 발굴조사에서 출토된 유물(자기류, 기와류)의 편년을 비교해 볼 때 연대가 비교적 일치하는 것으로 생각되며, 이번 발굴조사 성과를 바탕으로 북문주변 성곽 정비복원 시에 문헌자료와 함께 고고학 자료를 검토, 보완하여 정확한 정비복원이 이루어지길 바란다.

The purpose of the study was to evaluation of the radiation dose reduction using various automatic exposure control (AEC) systems in different manufactures multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). We used three different manufacturers for the study: General Electric Healthcare, Philips Medical systems and Siemens Medical Solutions. The general scanning protocol was created for the each examination with the same scanning parameters as many as possible. In the various AEC systems, the evaluation of reduced-dose was evaluated by comparing to fixed mAs with using body phantom. Finally, when we applied to AEC for three manufacturers, the radiation dose reduction decreased each 35.3% in the GE, 58.2% in the Philips, and 48.6% in the Siemens. This applies to variety of the AEC systems which will be very useful to reduce the dose and to maintain the high quality.

전통적인 Demerit 관리도는 일반적으로 자동차, 컴퓨터, 핸드폰 등 하나의 복잡한 제품에서 다양한 유형의 결점들이 동시에 발생하는 공정을 모니터링하기 위하여 사용된다. 관리도에서 공정 평균의 작은 변동을 빠르게 감지하기 위한 방법으로 EWMA기법은 매우 효과적이다. 본 연구에서는 EWMA 기법 보다 공정 평균의 작은 변동에 더 좋은 성능을 보이는 GWMA기법과 전통적인 Demerit 관리도(1928)를 결합한 Demerit-GWMA(generally weighted moving average) 관리도를 제안하였으며 그 관리도의 수행도를 평가하였다. 그 수행도 평가 결과, Demerit-GWMA 관리도는 공정 평균의 작은 변동을 감지하는데 classical Demerit 관리도, Demerit-EWMA. 관리도에 비하여 더 민감하다.

Culture of preantral follicles has important biotechnological implications through its potential to produce large quantities of oocytes for embryo production and transfer. The objective of this study was to determine the comparison of different isolation method of mouse preantral follicles, and to examine in vitro development of mouse preantral follicles isolated by different method. Preantral follicles were mechanically or enzymatically extracted from mouse ovaries. Mechanical isolation method used fine gauge needles and enzymatic method of isolating follicles used 1 mg/ml collagenage (Type IA) and 0.2 mg/ml DNase Ⅰ in Leibovitz L-15 medium. The solution containing Leibovitz L-15 medium, enzyme and ovary fragments was incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. The selection criteria are as follows: primary follicle of 75 to 99 μm, early secondary follicle of 100 to 125 μm and late secondary follicle of 126 to 150 μm in diameter. The recovered preantral follicles were cultured for 10 days in alpha-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) + 5% FBS + ITS + 100 mIU/ ml FSH. The collected primary follicles by enzymatic treatment were higher than mechanical method. Others stage preantral follicle by mechanical isolation were higher than enzymatic method. After 10 days of culture, no statistical differences were shown in survival rates of preantral follicle among the 2 culture groups. The metaphase Ⅱ rates of the oocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mechanical method (17.8%) than in enzymatic method (5.1%). These results suggest that the isolation method of choice depends on the target stage preantral follicles and mechanical isolation is an optimal method of preantral follicles in a culture of mouse preantral follicle.

The CdS thin film used as a window layer in the CdTe thin film solar cell transports photo-generated electrons to the front contact and forms a p-n junction with the CdTe layer. This is why the electrical, optical, and surface properties of the CdS thin film influence the efficiency of the CdTe thin film solar cell. When CdTe thin film solar cells are fabricated, a heat treatment is done to improve the qualities of the CdS thin films. Of the many types of heat treatments, the CdCl2 heat treatment is most widely used because the grain size in CdS thin films increases and interdiffusion between the CdS and the CdTe layer is prevented by the heat treatment. To investigate the changes in the electrical, optical, and surface properties and the crystallinity of the CdS thin films due to heat treatment, CdS thin films were deposited on FTO/glass substrates by the rf magnetron sputtering technique, and then a CdCl2 heat treatment was carried out. After the CdCl2 heat treatment, the clustershaped grains in the CdS thin film increased in size and their boundaries became faint. XRD results show that the crystallinity improved and the crystalline size increased from 15 to 42 nm. The resistivity of the CdS single layer decreased from 3.87 to 0.26 Ωcm, and the transmittance in the visible region increased from 64% to 74%.

Supply chain for the economic development of East Asian economic development model, the study's purpose is to establish. Korea, Japan, China, Russia and Asia, including North Korea and get the status of economic development by focusing on key issues and proposed solutions, within a few years of the coming of a new East Asian economic integration of new supply chain would like to prepare for the era. Weight The weight of the center to the center of East Asia, looking for techniques to approach the supply chain scenario, the economic development strategies and measures were studied. East Asia's economic potential value of the supply chain, identify and recognize the importance and benefits should be Presents detailed country-specific development strategies and leading Asian economies will have to pay the supply chain. Republic of Korea's leading East Asian economies in order to supply the industry, industry development strategy as detailed in the running to move. North and South Korea for economic integration, the era of supply-chain economy, you need to prepare calmly.

Coloured wastewater is released as a direct result of the production of dyes as well as from various other chemical industries. Many dyes and their breakdown products may be toxic for living organisms. Activated carbon is one of the best materials for removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. The present study describes the adsorption behaviour of methylene blue dye on three microporous activated carbons, where two samples (AC-1 and AC-2) were prepared by a polymer blend technique and the other is a microporous activated carbon (ARY-3) sample from viscose rayon yarn prepared by chemical-physical activation. The effects of contact time and activated carbon dosage on decolourisation capacity have been studied. The results show that activated carbon having mixed microporosity and mesoporosity show tremendous decolourisation capacity for methylene blue. In addition, the activated carbon in the powder form prepared by the polymer blend technique shows better decolourisation capacity for methylene blue than the activated rayon yarn sample.

Since 'The Act on Private Investment of The Infrastructure' was established in 1994, private investment as well as government's investment in transport infrastructure has been active. However investment in transport infrastructure has more risks than others' due to uncertainty both in traffic volume and in construction cost. In the current appraisal procedure of deciding transportation infrastructure investment, instead of risk management, the sensitivity analysis considering only the changes of benefit, cost and social discount rate which are main factor affecting economic feasibility is carried out. Therefore the uncertainty of various factors affecting demand, cost and benefit are not considered in feasibility study. In this study the problems in current investment appraisal system were reviewed. Using Delphi technique the major factors which have high uncertainty in feasibility study were surveyed and then improvement plan was suggested in the respective of classic 4 step demand forecasting method. The range estimation technique was also mentioned to deal with the uncertainty of the future.

케이블 구조물은 비교적 가볍고 넓은 공간의 형성이 쉬우나 유연한 특징으로 인해 형상의 제어가 매우 민감하다. 이런 구조물은 여러 이유에서 형상의 보정이 필요하며, 특히 부재 제어량과 어떠한 부재를 제어해야 하는가는 것은 많은 연구자들이 고심하고 있는 문제이다. 따라서 본 논문의 목적은 하중법(Force Method)를 이용해서 형상조절을 위한 변위 제어기법을 연구하는 것이다. 논문은 2장에서는 제어 방정식을 설명하고, 3장에서는 단순 케이블 넷 모델을 이용하여 동시 및 순차제어를 고려해 해석을 수행하고 결과를 고찰한다. 4장에서는 보다 더 복잡한 케이블 돔 구조물에 적용하여 가장 유용한 부재에 대해서 논의 하고, 5장에서 결과를 요약한다.

The purpose of this study was to minimize of entrance surface dose (ESD) at the eye using high kVp technique in the computed radiography. We used REX-650R (Listem, Korea) general X-ray unit, and external detector with ESD dosimeter of Piranha 657 (RTI Electronics, Sweden). We used head of the whole body phantom. The total 64 images of X-ray anterior-posterior of skull were acquired using the film/screen (F/S) method and the digital of computed radiography method. The three radiology professor of more 10 years of clinical career evaluated a X-rays images in the same space by 5-point scale. The external detector was performed measurement of ESD of three times by same condition on the eye of the head phantom. The good image quality in the F/S method (90 kVp, 2.5 mAs) showed at the minimized ESD of 0.310 ± 0.001 mGy. the good image quality in the computed radiography method (90 kVp, 2.0 mAs) showed at the minimized ESD of 0.180 ± 0.002 mGy (P = 0.002). Finally the radiation dose could reduced about 50% in the computed radiography method more than the F/S method. In addition the eye entrance surface dose using high kVp technique with the computed radiography was reduced 92% more than conventional technique (F/S method).