In this study, seven oligonucleotides primers were shown to generate the shared loci, specific loci, unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the three species which could be obviously calculated. Euclidean genetic distances within- and between-species were also calculated by complete linkage method with the sustenance of the hierarchical dendrogram program Systat version 13. The genomic DNA isolated from herring (Clupea pallasii), Korean anchovy (Coilia nasus) and large-eyed herring (Harengula zunashi), respectively, in the Yellow Sea, were amplified several times by PCR reaction. The hierarchical dendrogram shows three chief branches: cluster 1 (PALLASII 01, 02, 03, 04, 06 and 07), cluster 2 (NASUS 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14), and cluster 3 (ZUNASHI 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and PALLASII 05). In three clupeid species, the shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individual PALLASII no. 03 and PALLASII no. 02 (0.018). Individual no. 06 of PALLASII was most distantly related to NASUS no. 11 (genetic distance = 0.318). Individuals from herring (C. pallasii) species (0.920) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species (0.872) (P<0.05). As a result, this PCR analysis generated on the genetic data displayed that the herring (C. pallasii) species was widely separated from Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species. Reversely, individuals of Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species were a little closely related to those of large-eyed herring (H. zunashi) species.

TV드라마 타이틀 로고는 드라마의 내용과 이미지를 시청자에게 가장 함축적으로 임팩트하게 전달하여야 한다. 캘리그라피는 이러한 드라마의 내용을 적절하게 표현하고 효과적으로 전달하는 수단과 방법 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 독특하고 강력한 디자인적 표현도구인 캘리그라피의 개념정리와 그 표현 특성을 분석하고 TV드라마 타이틀 로고 중 캘리그라피를 사용한 예를 연구대상으로 선정하고 형식과 장르별로 표현 유형을 정리하였다. 또한 글이 가지고 있는 속성 즉 의미, 소리, 모습, 형태를 요소로 하는 형상화기법으로 사례를 분석한 결과 의미의 형상화, 모습의 형상화, 형태의 형상화 순으로 제작된 것을 알 수 있었다. 이처럼 말이나 단어를 단순히 표현한 캘리그라피에 비해 말이나 단어 속에 들어 있는 의미, 모습, 형태를 형상화하여 글꼴로 자연스럽게 나타냈을 때 메시지는 쉽게 수용자에게 전달된다. 결론적으로 형상화가 없거나 TV 타이틀 로고에서 나타나는 뜻을 단순히 형상화한 캘리그라피에 비해 독창성, 심미성, 조형성, 가독성 등을 포함하면서 표현된 형상화기법의 캘리그라피는 언어적, 시각적 메시지를 동시에 전달하기 때문에 보다 감성적인 소통이 이루어져 TV드라마 타이틀 로고에 대한 기억과 신뢰도를 증대시킨다. 더불어 말이나 단어에 의미하는 형태까지 표현한 글꼴은 인지반응과 감정반응을 이끌어 내어 더욱 기억에 남게 한다. 이를 바탕으로 TV 드라마 타이틀 로고의 캘리그라피 표현방식의 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.

최근, 기상레이더는 돌발적 기상재해들을 예방하고, 기상관측의 공익을 위해 널리 이용되고 있으며 이에 따라 사용자 관점의 레이더 표출 시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문은 레이더 관측 자료들을 멀티미디어 콘텐츠로서 재생산하는 방법과 생성된 자료를 이용해 매쉬업 서비스에 적용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이와 함께 주요 기상현상이 발생중인 지역의 정확한 위치를 추적하기 위한 정밀 GIS 정합기술을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방법을 통해 기상 레이더로부터 관측된 다양한 레이더 변수들을 재가공함으로써 2차원의 영상 및 벡터 그래픽 자료, 또는 3차원 볼륨 자료 등을 생성할 수 있다. 생성된 멀티미디어 형태의 레이더 자료들은 다양한 래스터 또는 벡터정밀 GIS 맵과 정합된다. 다양한 강수 시나리오에 대한 실험 결과, 제안한 방법에 의한 표출 시스템은 사용자로 하여금 정확한 레이더 차폐영역 분석, 강수이동경로 파악, 강수량 추정에 따른 홍수위험도 분석 등을 쉽고 직관적으로 이해시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 제안하는 정밀한 GIS 정합을 통해 재난 관리자가 레이더 관측자료를 명확히 해석하고 이를 통해 보다 효과적인 기상재해 예보가 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구에서는 분산 메모리환경 병렬프로그래밍 모델의 표준인 MPI (Message Passing Interface) 기법과 침수해석 모형인 DHM(Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model) 모형을 연계하여 침수모형을 병렬화하고 기존의 기법으로 복잡하고 장시간의 계산시간을 요구하였던 계산에 대해 향상된 계산 성능을 구현하고자 하였다. 개발된 모형을 다양한 침수 시나리오를 바탕으로 가상유역과 실제유역에 대하여 코어 개수별로 모의함으로써 제내지 침수에 따른 침수범위 및 침수위의 추정, 및 계산시간 단축 효과를 입증 하고 병렬기법에 대한 홍수해석 분야의 적용성을 입증하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모형의 검증을 위하여 2차원 가상 제내지 및 실제 침수 사례에 대하여 적용하였고, 적용결과 동일한 정확도를 기준으로 계산시간 면에서 단일 코어와 비교하여 멀티코어를 사용한 경우 약 41~48%의 개선효과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 병렬해석 기법을 이용한 침수해석 모형은 멀티코어를 적용하여 짧은 계산시간으로 침수심, 침수구역, 홍수파 전달속도 등이 계산 가능하여, 실제 홍수 발생 시 침수지역에서의 신속한 예측 및 대처, 홍수위험지도 구축 등에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

기상레이더의 관측 특성상, 지형클러터 등의 관측영역 한계로 인한 관측공백 지역이 발생한다. 이러한 레이더 빔의 차폐는 강우량의 과소추정 원인이 된다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 Hybrid Scan Reflectivity(HSR) 기법을 개발하고 기존 방법 결과와 비교하였다. 결과에 의하면, 기존 레이더 관측방법으로 지형에 의해 반사도 정보를 얻지 못하는 영역에 대하여 HSR 기법이 레이더 강우량을 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 반사도 스캔기법과 빔차폐/비 빔차폐영역에서 모두 HSR 기법을 적용한 결과가 정확성이 가장 뛰어났다. 다음으로 각 방법별 레이더 추정 강우량을 HEC-HMS에 적용하여 홍수 유출량 추정 정확성을 평가하였다. HSR 기법에 의한 유출량은 RAR 산출 시스템과 M-P 관계식 대비 상관계수는 평균 7%와 10%, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency는 평균 18%와 34% 향상되었다. 따라서 정확한 홍수량 추정을 위해 수문분야에 HSR 기법에 의해 추정된 강우량을 활용할 필요성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

Fishway analysis is required in order to protect depleting fish in the rivers. Recently, ecosystem restoration is absolutely necessary for fishes in the shallow rivers when water overflows by typhoon, 3D-analysis by SAP2000 software is required for designing of natural type of fish passage in order to settle problems regarding the degradation of the concrete durability. This results of analysis show that natural tpe of fishway could be constructed in rivers of Korea.

The setting of concrete is a critical period to show phase change from fluid to solid state. The transition of phase makes it difficult to experimentally investigate the evolution of material properties such as elastic modulus and strength. Ultrasonic wave reflection technique is applied to probe the delicate samples, cement paste during the transition period, and the evolution of mechanical impedance is monitored. The growth of green strength of the samples are related to the mechanical impedance increase.

The natural period is generally used for monitoring the change in structural dynamic characteristics. It is legally obligated in Korea that seismic acceleration measurement system is installed in structures and measured data are transmitted. However there are some difficulties that the natural period is automatically analyzed by the structural acceleration analysis system. First, structural characteristics is changed by various factor such as plan shape, foundation type, structure type, size, and so on. Second, there are many factors ― machinery(basement), conditioning equipment(roof) ― causing noises near the measurement system installation point. Lastly, there are only sent some interval data by earthquake except ambient vibration to the analysis system. In this study to estimate the natural period, systemic approach is developed using simple evaluation formula from Korean Building Code-2009(KBC-2009).

By using non-destructive inspection equipment, ultrasonic and schmidt hammer, this research performed non-destructive inspection of underwater concrete for more efficient management in underwater concrete structures. And based on instrumented rebound hardness and ultrasonic pulse velocity, we developed the underwater concrete structures-strength estimation models using artificial neural network.

The NGS technologies of genome DNA structure, expression profiling and epigenome elements have been used widely as approaches in the expertise of genome biology and genetics. The application to genome study has been particularly developed with the introduction of the next-generation DNA sequencer (NGS) Roche/454, Illumina/Solexa and PacBio systems along with bioinformation analysis technologies of whole-genome de novo assembly, expression profiling, DNA variation discovery, and genotyping. One of the advantages of the NGS systems is the cost-effectiveness to obtain the result of high-throughput DNA sequencing for genome, RNAnome, and miRNAnome studies. Both massive whole-genome shotgun paired-end sequencing and mate paired-end sequencing data are important steps for constructing de novo assembly of novel genome sequencing data and for resequencing the samples with a reference genome DNA sequence. To construct high-quality contig consensus sequences, each DNA fragment read length is important to obtain de novo assembly with long reading sequences of the Roche/454 and PacBio systems. It is necessary to have DNA sequence information from a multiplatform NGS with at least 2x and 30x depth sequence of genome coverage using Roche/454 and Illumina/Solexa, respectively, for effective an way of de novo assembly, as hybrid assembly for novel genome sequencing would be cost-effective. In some cases, Illumina/Solexa data are used to construct scaffolds through de novo assembly with high coverage depth and large diverse fragment mate paired-end information, even though they are already participating in assembly and have made many contigs. Massive short-length reading data from the Illumina/Solexa system is enough to discover DNA variation, resulting in reducing the cost of DNA sequencing. MAQ and CLC software are useful to both SNP discovery and genotyping through a comparison of resequencing data to a reference genome. Whole-genome expression profile data are useful to approach genome system biology with quantification of expressed RNAs from a whole-genome transcriptome, depending on the tissue samples, such as control and exposed tissue. The long read sequence data of PacBio are more powerful to find full length cDNA sequence through de novo assembly in any whole-genome sequenced species. An average 30x coverage of a transcriptome with short read sequences of Illumina/Solexa is enough to check expression quantification, compared to the reference EST sequence. In an in silico method, conserved miRNA and novel miRNA discovery is available on massive miRNAnome data in any species. Particularly, the discovered target genes of miRNA could be robust to approach genome biology study.

A comprehensive fractionation technique was applied to a set of water samples obtained along drinking water treatment process with ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) process to obtain detailed profiles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and to evaluate the haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potentials of these DOM fractions. The results indicated that coagulation-sedimentation-sand filtration treatment showed limited ability to remove hydrophilic fraction (28%), while removal of hydrophobic and transphilic fraction were 57% and 40%, respectively. And ozonation and BAC treatment showed limited ability to remove hydrophobic fractions (6%), while removal of hydrophilic and transphilic fractions were 25% and 18%. The haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP)/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of hydrophilic fraction was the highest along the treatment train and HAAFP/DOC of hydrophilic fraction was higher than hydrophobic and transphilic fraction as 23% 30%, because of better removal for hydrophobic fraction both in concentration and reactivity.

The application of software engineering is not common in the development of astronomical observation system. While there were component-wise developments in the past, large-scale comprehensive system developments are more common in these days. In this study, current methodologies of development are reviewed to select a proper one for the development of astronomical observation system and the result of the application is presented. As the subject of this study, a project of operation software development for an astronomical observation system which runs on the ground is selected. And the output management technique based on Component Based Development which is one of the relatively recent methodologies has been applied. Since the nature of the system requires lots of arithmetic algorithms and it has great impact on the overall performance of the entire system, a prototype model is developed to verify major functions and performance. Consequently, it was possible to verify the compliance with the product requirements through the requirement tracing table and also it was possible to keep to the schedule. Besides, it was suggested that a few improvements could be possible based on the experience of the application of conventional output management technique. This study is the first application of the software development methodology in the domestic astronomical observation system area. The process and results of this study would contribute to the investigation for a more appropriate methodology in the area of similar system development.

상완신경총에서 STIR(short TI inversion recovery) 지방소거 강조영상과 SPAIR(spectral adiabatic inversion recovery) T2, T1 지방소거 강조영상기법을 비교 평가하여 최적의 지방소거 기법을 알아보고자 하였다. 총 30 명 상완신경총에 질환이 없는 정상인 지원자를 대상으로 3.0 T MRI 기기를 이용하여 검사를 하였고, 분석방법으로 세 기법에 대하여 SNR, CNR 및 4단계 점수로 평가를 하였다. 정량적 분석 결과로 SPAIR T1 기법에 대한 SNR, CNR 값은 상완신경총기시부(03.07 ± 0.98, -2.25 ± 0.54), 상완신경총몸체(06.70 ± 1.81, 36.31 ± 2.17)에서 높은 값을 제공하였다 (p<0.05). 정성적 분석결과 상완신경총 묘출도와 지방소거 정도, 영상의 인공물은 SPAIR T1(3.2 ± 0.70, 3.6 ± 0.51, 3.4 ± 0.10)기법이 의미 있게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05).

본 논문은 기존 수중 콘크리트 구조물의 강도관리 및 진단기술의 중요성은 날로 증가함에 따라 개발되고 있는 ROV (Remote Control Vehicle)에 탑재될 수 있는 비파괴 검사 장비를 개발하여 콘크리트 내부의 강도측정을 하고자하였다. 수중화된 슈미트해머와 초음파센서를 통하여 수중에 있는 콘크리트 공시체의 반발경도 및 초음파속도를 계측하여 실제 압축강도 값과 비교하였으며 이를 통하여 수중에서의 강도추정식을 도출하였다. 도출된 3가지 식 중에서 반발경도와 초음파속도를 복합적으로 사용하는 복합식이 가장 정확도가 높았으며 이에 따라 실제 수중에서의 콘크리트의 강도를 추정하고자 할 때 활용 가능성도 높아질 것으로 예상된다.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is one of molecular marker technique based on DNA and is extremely useful in detection of high polymorphism between closely related genotypes like Korean wheat cultivars. Six Korean wheat cultivar specific marker sets have been developed from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and we can identify the 13 Koran wheat cultivars form other cultivars using six that (Son et al., 2013). We used four combinations of primer sets in our AFLP analysis for developing additional cultivar specific markers in Korean wheat. Twenty-one of the AFLP bands were isolated from ACG/M-CAC primer combination and 19 bands were isolated from E-AGC/M-CTG primer combination, respectively. We used forty bands to design sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer pairs for Korean wheat cultivar identification. Only one of 40 amplified primer pairs, C2, were able to use for wheat cultivar identification. The DNA band of 215bp length was amplified by C2 primer pairs in ten cultivars, Eunpa, Olgeuru, Gobun, Saeol, Milsung, Sinmichal, Jokyung, Sugang, Goso, and Joah. Then C2 primer was applied to these primer sets as newly SCAR marker, six cultivars are identifying from other cultivars, additionally. Finally, to use the C2 and six primer sets, 19 Korean wheat cultivars are identified.

전통문화예술을 활용한 콘텐츠의 개발은 최근 몇 년간 여러 분야에서 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 이는 또한, ‘융합’이라는 용어를 통해 더욱더 박차를 가하고 있다. 이와 같은 활동들은 전통문화예술의 재해석을 통해 다양한 콘텐츠의 개발과 성공 사례를 남겼다. 전통문화의 계승, 발전 그리고 이것의 세계화는 중요한 과제라 생각한다. 전통문화를 재해석하고 그 명맥을 이어가는 것은 단지 예술장인들만의 몫이 아닌 우리 모두가 함께 노력해야하는 것이다. 전통문화를 재해석하여 현대 디자인과의 결합은 그 중 하나라고 생각되어진다. 본 연구는 한국의 전통문화예술을 기반으로 한 디자인 콘텐츠 중 옻칠기법을 활용한 디자인 제품을 중심으로 그 사례에 대한 조사 및 연구를 기본 목적으로 한다. 이를 통해, 현대 디자인의 진단과 앞으로 나아갈 방향을 제시한다.

Effects of coagulation types on flocculation were investigated by using a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) as an on-line monitoring technique in this study. Nakdong River water were used and alum and ferric chloride were used as coagulants. The aim of this study is to compare the coagulation characteristics of alum and ferric chloride by a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA). Floc growing rates (Rv) in three different water temperatures (4℃, 16℃ and 30℃) and coagulants doses (0.15 mM, 0.20 mM and 0.25 mM as Al, Fe) were measured. The floc growing rate (Rv) by alum was 1.8∼2.8 times higher than that of ferric chloride during rapid mixing period, however, for 0.15 mM∼0.25 mM coagulant doses the floc growing rate (Rv) by ferric chloride was 1.1∼2.3 times higher than that of alum in the slow mixing period at 16℃ water temperature. Reasonable coagulant doses of alum and ferric chloride for turbidity removal were 0.1 mM (as Al) and 0.2 mM (as Fe), respectively, and the removal efficiency of those coagulant doses showed 94% for alum and 97% for ferric chloride. The appropriate coagulant dose of alum and ferric chloride for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed about 0.3 mM (as Al, Fe) and at this dosage, DOC removal efficiencies were 36% and 44%, and ferric chloride was superior to the alum for removal of the DOC in water.

The FBG sensor responses simultaneously to changes in thermal strain as well as elastic strain. Thus the total strain measured from a single FBG sensor shall be corrected to obtain the elastic strain by removing the temperature effect. This paper addresses how the temperature effect can be removed when the FBG sensor is encapsulated in a 7-wire steel strand. For this purpose, fundamental properties of the FBG sensor are identified through tests using a controlled temperature chamber. Then field measurements on a UHPC pi girder with the size of 11.0 m long, 5.0 m wide, and 0.6 m high have been conducted for about one year, and the prestressing force is estimated using the raw data from the FBG sensor and by applying temperature correction technique proposed in this study. Estimated results indicate that the proposed correction technique is executable for extracting the elastic strain from monitoring data using the FBG sensor in civil infrastructures.

Traditional methods for demolition of concrete structures and rocks are jackhammer and explosives methods. However, these traditional methods may not adequate specially for urban areas and historical places. Accordingly, an use of soundless chemical demolition agent (SCDA) increases in those areas. SCDA is similar to portland cement and lime is a key ingredient. In this study, expansive pressure from the selected SCDA were measured using outer pipe measuring technique and crack length due to the SCDA were simulated using obtained test data.