본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 운동시간의 변화가 자아존중감의 변화로 이어지는 관계에서 그릿의 변화의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 한국아동·청소년패널 2018의 중1 코호트 2개년도 자료 중 결측치를 포함한 케이스를 제외한 2,438명(남=1,327명, 여=1,111명)의 자료가 분석에 활용되었다. 각 변인의 변화량 간의 관계를 검증하기 위해 1차년도 측정값과 2차년도 측정값의 회귀분석에서 생성된 표준화잔차점수를 변화량 변수로 활용하였다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 운동시간의 변화량과 자아존중감의 변화량, 그릿의 변화량은 모두 서로 유의한 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위계적 회귀분석을 통한 매개효과 검증 결과, 운동 시간의 변화가 그릿의 변화를 통해 자아존중감의 변화에 직·간접적으로 영향을 미치는 부분매개효과가 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 운동시간의 감소가 청소년의 그릿과 자아존중감의 감소에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.

As a kind of ideology, poetry creation is restrained and influenced by the political thought, philosophy, philosophy, culture and other aspects of the society where the poet lived without exception. These influences are complex and involve multiple aspects. They not only affect the poet's world outlook and life attitude, but also affect his cultural psychology and emotional purport. More importantly, they affect the poet's creation, and the social mindset and aesthetic trend in a specific era. Wang Wei is a man with rich knowledge, twists and turns, and ups and downs in his life. He received orthodox Confucian culture and education since his childhood, and learned Buddhism and paid respect for Buddha when he was young, winning him the title of Poem Buddha. In the second half of his life, his poems gradually began to embody the ideological core of Taoism. Wang Wei was a Confucian, paid respect for Buddha but he was not a monk. He followed the Taoism but he was not a Taoist. By looking at his poems and analyzing them from different themes and creation times, it can be see that when the ideal that he focused on as a “social person” collided with the reality, he dispelled such collision with the “nature” and “original aspiration” of Buddhism and Taoism. From a certain point of view, Wang Wei represented the mainstream cultural spirit of China. He focused on the objects gradually from the outside to the inside, and then completes the process of “introversion transformation” from “social person” to “natural person” and then to self “original aspiration”. This process was also the process of the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and the formation of “introversion transformation” culture.

For the efficient teaching and learning of Vietnamese, the researcher paid attention to Project Based Learning and tried to apply it to the class. The researcher analyzed prior studies of PBL classes, including English and other foreign languages, and applied the theory of PBL to Vietnamese language education subjects, designed PBL classes, and utilized them in classes. In addition, the process in which the learners perform tasks (student presentation, peer-faculty evaluation, evaluation opinion reflection process), the results, and the questionnaire survey on learners were analyzed. As a result, it was found that PBL methods could also be applied in Vietnamese classes. The learners reorganized the learning contents into his or her own knowledge in the relationship between the learner’s own thoughts, experiences, knowledge, and understanding by referring to the instructor’s teaching plan and lecture. In addition, it was possible to achieve more useful and viable knowledge by listening to other people’s opinions and thoughts about their own knowledge, understanding, and interpretation, and through correction and supplementation processes. Also noteworthy is that through the PBL class, the level of knowledge of each student increased rapidly.

본 연구는 가온재배 조건에서 수확 후에 수관이 복잡해지는 문제가 발생하는 남부하이부쉬 블루베리 ‘신틸라’의 안정된 수체 생장과 과실 생산에 적합한 전정시기를 구명하고자 수행 되었다. ‘신틸라’ 품종을 180L 용기에서 재배하여 2018년(7년생)과 2019년(8년생)에 하계전정은 5월 20일(수확 후 35－ 39일경)과 6월 20일(수확 후 65－69일경)에 12월 전정구(관행)은 12월 20일(개화 전 5일)에 2년 연속 목질부 생장량의 30%를 제거하는 방법으로 동일하게 처리하였다. 5월 하계전정으로 이듬해 신초생장이 촉진되었는데, 12월 전정구보다 주당 신초수는 17－49%, 주당 총신초장은 18－32% 많았다. 본 연구에서 전정시기에 따른 과실 특성 차이는 없었다. 주당 수량은 처리 1년차 이듬해인 2019년에는 차이가 없었으나, 2년 연속 처리한 이듬해인 2020년에는 5월 전정구가 12월 전 정구보다 7% 높아 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과로 가온 재배 ‘신틸라’ 블루베리는 수확 후 5월에 하계전정을 하는 것이 신초 생장을 촉진하여 과실의 생산성을 높이는데 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was carried out to study the effect of supplementary nitrogen fertilization application time according to regrowth date on growth date on growth characteristics, feed value, and productivity of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; IRG) from 2019 to 2021 in Cheonan region. In order to determine the regrowth time, IRG was cut from experimental plots 3cm above soil level and the time when 1cm grew was judged as the regrowth time. The regrowth dates were February 15th and February 12th in 2020 and 2021 respectively. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were no fertilizer, immediately after the regrowth period, after 10 days of the regrowth period, and after 25 days of the regrowth period. Dry matter yield of IRG was significantly influenced by the supplementary N-fertilization application time. Dry matter yield was reduced for the delayed application time. The dry matter yield of immediately after the regrowth period was approximately 34.8 % higher than that no fertilizer application. In delaying the supplementary N-fertilization application time resulted in increased crude protein content. However, no significant statistical difference was neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber(p>0.05). After wintering, productivity of IRG reduced for the delayed application time. Therefore, it is essential to application N-fertilizer immediately after the regrowth period for high productivity of IRG.

The sampling bag is used as a storage container for odor gas samples. It is known that the substances recovery rate of odor bags decreases during storage time, and the degree of recovery varies depending on the characteristics of the gas sample and the material of the bag. This study investigated the recovery rate of VFA (ACA, PPA, BTA, VLA) in PEA bags during storage time. In addition, a model was developed to estimate the recovery rate of each substance as a function of time. Standard gas (ACA, PPA, BTA, VLA mixed) recovery rate was used for the model development. The concentration of the compound in the bag was measured by SIFT-MS at intervals of 1 to 2 hours. The recovery rate according to the storage time was calculated as the ratio to the initial concentration. The recovery rate of each substance according to the storage period (12h, 24h, 36h, 48h) was ACA (66.2%, 62.8%, 55.6%, 52.0%), PPA (77.6%, 72.1%, 63.0%, 58.1%, 86.6%), BTA (86.6%, 81.3%, 71.6%, 66.9%), VLA (94.8%, 89.0%, 76.6%, 71.7%). The recovery rate continued to decrease over the course of 48 hours of storage time. ACA, PPA, and BTA showed the greatest decrease within the initial 12 hours, which is form of exponential decrease. Therefore, we considered a 1~3 degree polynomial regression model and a 1~2 degree exponential decay model. Each developed model was evaluated by r², RMSE, MAPE, AIC, and then a model for each substance was selected. Selected models were tested with recovery rate data from swine farm odor samples. Only the ACA model exhibited a good performance (r² = 0.76).

San-ja is one of the main members consisting of the roof of traditional wooden buildings in Korea. In this study, the regional characteristics of the materials used in San-ja and changes of the materials over time were examined. To this end, 123 documents on the repair of wooden architectural heritage recorded since the 1950s were reviewed. It was found that there was a difference in the San-ja material by region because of the diversity in the conditions of material supply. For instance, bamboo was the most frequently used material in Jeollanam-do province because it was readily available. However, with the development of transportation and vehicle, the regional characteristics have disappeared. As a result, the material has been unified with bamboo now. This is because bamboo is specified as a representative material in the specification or the convenience of construction is prioritized. In addition, the social and economic conditions at the time of repair had an influence on the selection of the San-ja materials.

This study aimed to determine the trend in dry matter yield (DMY) of a new sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH) in the central inland regions of Korea. The metadata (n=388) were collected from various reports of the experiments examining the adaptability of this new variety conducted by the Rural Development Administration (1988–2013). To determine the trend, the parameters of autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) were estimated from correlogram of Autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial ACF (PACF) using time series modeling. The results showed that the trend increased slightly year by year. Furthermore, ARIMA (1, 1, 0) was found to be the optimal model to describe the historical trend. This means that the trend in the DMY of the SSH was associated with changes over the past two years but not with changes from three years ago. Although climatic variables, such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine were also considered as environmental factors for the annual trends, no clear association was observed between DMY and climates. Therefore, more precise processing and detailed definition of climate considering specific growth stages are required to validate this association. In particular, research on the impact of heavy rainfall and typhoons, which are expected to cause damage in the short term, on DMY trends is ongoing, and the model confirmed in this study is expected to play an important role in studying this aspect. Furthermore, we plan to add the environmental factors such as soil and cultivation management as well as climate to our future studies.

대부분의 연구자들은 반응시간기반 숨긴정보검사(RT CIT)의 탐지 효율성을 평가하기 위하여 실험연구를 수행한다. 실험연구에서 거짓말하는 상황을 만들기 위하여 주로 두 가지 실험 패러다임이 사용된다. 한 가지는 모의 범죄 패러다임이며, 다른 한 가지는 개인적 항목 패러다임이다. 본 연구의 목적은 실험 패러다임에 관계없이 RT CIT의 탐지 효율성이 동일하게 추정되는지 검증하는 것이다. 연구 1에서는 선행 연구들에 대한 메타분석을 통하여 두 가지 실험 패러다임 간에 RT CIT의 효과크기가 다른지 검증하였다. 39개 연구에 대한 메타분석 결과, 모의 범죄 패러다임 의 효과크기(Hedges의 g=1.330)가 개인적 항목 패러다임의 효과크기(g=1.145) 보다 약간 컸지만, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 연구 2에서는 모의 범죄 패러다임 조건과 개인적 항목 패러다임 조건을 포함하는 실험연구를 수행하여, 실험 패러다임에 따라 RT CIT의 탐지 효율성이 다른지 검증하였다. 변량분석 결과, 관련자극과 무관련자극 간의 반응시간 차이가 실험 패러다임에 따라 통계적으로 유의하게 다르지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 실험연구에서 모의 범죄 패러다임의 효과크기(Cohen의 d)는 1.638이었으며, 개인적 항목 패러다임의 효과크기는 1.535였다. RT CIT의 탐지 효율성이 실험 패러다임에 영향을 받지 않는 이유에 대하여 논의하였다.

PURPOSES : The exposed aggregate number (EAN) and mean texture depth (MTD) of exposed aggregate concrete pavement (EACP) influence the functional performance of EACP in terms of pavement noise and skid resistance. The selection of the exposure time of EACP is important because the designed EAN and MTD of EACP can be achieved when the exposure process is performed at an appropriate time. On the one hand, too early exposure may cause protrusions and unwanted removal of aggregates and mortar. On the other hand, late exposure may cause difficulty in exposure of the mortar. In this study, a method to determine the optimum exposure time for EACP is suggested using a non-destructive method. METHODS : A set of laboratory tests was performed to investigate the variation in EAN and MTD of EACP according to the elastic modulus obtained by non-destructive equipment. From the results of this investigation, the optimum exposure time using the non-destructive method and the exposure time window (ETW) method was suggested. In addition, the usefulness of ETW suggested by laboratory tests was verified from a field application. RESULTS : From the laboratory tests, it was found that the targets of the surface condition of EACP (EAN: 59 per 25 cm2, MTD: 1.39 mm) can be achieved when the concrete elastic modulus is higher than 20GPa. The proposed guideline using the non-destructive method was applied for the field construction of EACP and achieved similar results. CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the proposed guideline for determining the exposure time window based on non-destructive testing is useful.

본 논문은 2020년 2학기, 각 대학에서 시도하였던 “실시간 온라인 수업” 경험에 대한 설문을 진행한 결과를 토대로 작성되었다. 이는 추후 온라인 기반 수업이 어떠한 방향으로 나아가야 하는가를 진단하고, 한문 교육은 어떠한 점을 염두에 두는 것이 바람직한가를 살피기 위함이었다. 이를 위해 실시간 온라인 수업이 차지한 비중과 사용한 플랫폼을 파악하고, 그 개선점에 대해 설문 내용을 중심으로 분석을 시도하였다. 우선, “비중”에 있어서는 100% 비대면 수업 중 과반수 이상의 과목에서 실시간 온라인 수업을 진행하였음을 알 수 있었다. “플랫폼”의 경우, 인문계열에서는 “줌(ZOOM)” 플랫폼에 대한 사용이 압도적으로 높았으며, “1대 1 채팅” 및 “소회의실” 기능이 긍정적인 평가를 받고 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 “개선점”으로 지적된 소통의 부재와 집중도 하락 문제를 보완할 수 있는 방안으로 구체적 한문과 수업 방안을 소개하였다. 제한된 인원으로부터의 설문 조사 내용에 기반하고 있는 본 연구 내용을 일반론으로 단정하기에는 한계가 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 중복적으로 제기되고 있는 문제에 대해서는 대안을 고민해야 한다고 생각하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 한문수업에 특화된 구체적이고 다양한 모델에 대해서 간략하게 소개하였는데, 이에 대한 보다 구체적인 연구는 후고를 기약한다.

RAM represents reliability, availability, and maintenance, and is a key performance indicator that is utilized throughout the life cycle of the weapon system from the stage of requesting to disposal. If the RAM target value is set to a too high value, development may be delayed or development cost may be increased. If it is set to a too low value, frequent failures may occur during training, or a problem may arise that the number of available weapon systems is insufficient. The currently most used method to set the RAM target value is to write an operation mode summary and calculate it through an equation. However, as the definition of the operation mode is not standardized, different RAM target values may be set depending on the authoring organization. This study aims to analyze the current situation and suggest an alternative to this problem.