목적: 멀티포컬 소프트 콘택트렌즈가 시기능에 미치는 영향을 +1.00 D 안경렌즈를 이용한 저교정과 비교하고자 한다. 방법 : 17명의 대상군(평균 23.6±2.1세)이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 대상군의 구면 굴절 이상이 ±1.00 D 범위 이며, 난시가 –0.75 D 미만인 자로 선정하였다. 나안(NC), 근용 +1.00 D 처방의 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈(CM), +1.00 D 안경렌즈를 사용한 저교정 (UL) 등 3가지 교정 방법에 대해 각각 반복 측정하였다. 원용 시력은 고대비 및 저대비 차트를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 원용 대비 민감도와 근용 시력을 측정하였다. 결과 : 시력 교정의 방법은 고대비와 저대비 차트를 이용한 원거리 시력에 유의한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며 (p<0.01), 근거리 시력에는 시력 교정의 방법이 유의한 영향을 끼치지 않았으며 (p=0.34), 원거리 대비 민감도에는 유의한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다 (p=0.01). 결론 : 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈는 최대 교정 시력과 대비 감도를 달라지게 하지 않았으며, 완전 교정 안경과 견줄 만한 전체적인 시각적 성능을 유지했다. 따라서, 중심부 근용 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈는 시각적 성능이 저하될 수 있는 40대 이상과 같이 다른 연령대에 더 많이 처방될 수 있다.

본 연구는 영유아기 부모의 코칭역량척도 개발을 목적으로 부모코칭역량의 구성요인을 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 척도문항을 구성하여 타당화 검증을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 선행연구고찰 및 부모코칭 경험이 풍부한 전문가 조사를 통해 구성요인을 도출 하여 180문항을 구성하였고, 2차례에 걸친 내용타당도 검증을 통해 구성된 65문항을 영유아기 부모 115명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 계수를 구하여 검증하였다. 연구결과 사회적 역량, 의사표현 역량, 의사존중 역량, 자기성장 역량, 성장촉진 역량, 관계 형성 역량의 6개 하위 구성요인, 32문항을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 영유아기 부모의 코칭역량 척도 타당화를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 것이며, 이는 자녀를 양육하는 보호자들의 부모코칭역량을 측정하여 코칭역량의 효과성을 위한 중요한 도구로 활용될 것이다. 또한, 부모들의 코칭역량을 점검하여 부모역할지원과 부모교육 자료 기초를 제공하고자 하는 데 의의가 있다.

Background: High-heeled shoes can change spinal alignment and feet movement, which leads to muscle fatigue and discomfort in lumbopelvic region, legs, and feet while walking. Objects: This study aimed to identify the effects of different shoe heel heights on the walking velocity and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the lower leg muscles during short- and long-distance walking in young females. Methods: Fifteen young females were recruited in this study. The experiments were performed with the following two different shoe heel heights: 0 ㎝ and 7 ㎝. All participants underwent an electromyographic procedure to measure the activities and fatigue levels of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), rectus femoris (RF), and hamstring muscles with each heel height during both short- and long-distance walking. The walking velocities were measured using the short-distance (10-m walk) and long-distance (6-min walk) walking tests. Results: Significant interaction effects were found between heel height and walking distance conditions for the EMG activities and fatigue levels of TA and MG muscles, and walking velocity (p<.05). The walking velocity and activities of the TA, MG, and RF muscles appeared to be significantly different between the 0 ㎝ and 7 ㎝ heel heights during both short- and long-distance walking (p<.05). Significant difference in the fatigue level of the MG muscle were found between the 0 ㎝ and 7 ㎝ heel heights during long-distance walking. In addition, walking velocity and the fatigue level of the MG muscle at the 7 ㎝ heel height revealed significant differences in the comparison of short- and long-distance walking (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that higher shoe heel height leads to a decrease in the walking velocity and an increase in the activity and fatigue level of the lower leg muscles, particularly during long-distance walking.

본 논문은 전후기 여성 독거노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향 요인을 알아보고자 하는 서술적 조사 연구로 2017년 <여성 독거노인의 통증, 영양위험, 외로움, 지각된 건강상태가 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향>인 일차연구 자료와 추가 수집한 자료 총 85부를 이용한 이차분석 연구이다. SPSS/WIN 18.0 program을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 전기 여성 독거노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향 요인은 통증, 규칙적인 운동, 사회적지지 순으로 설명력 70.6%이며 후기 여성 독거노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향 요인은 규칙적인 운동, 일상생활수행능력, 통증 순으로 건강관련 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 것으로 설명력은 69.7%로 나타났 다. 따라서 통증 감소를 위한 방안과 사회적지지 체계의 강화, 생활체육 활성화 및 그에 따른 일상생활 수행 유지를 위한 노력 등의 모색을 통해 건강관련 삶의 질을 향상 시킬 필요가 있다.

목적 : 근시안에서 구면 콘택트렌즈에 의한 굴절교정 후 동공크기, 동공중심이동 및 동공중심 offset과 고위 수차 상관성을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 각막굴절교정수술의 경험이 없고 안질환이 없는 건강한 성인 33명(평균 연령: 23.0±2.9세, 평균 등가 구면굴절력: -3.28±1.67 D)을 대상으로 하였다. 구면 콘택트렌즈 착용 전과 후 동공크기, 동공중심이동, 동공중심 offset 및 고위수차는 Wavefront Analyzer를 사용하여 기기에서 조정되는 암소시(scotopic, 0.006 lx) 상태에서 3회씩 측정하고 평균값을 사용하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS(Ver. 20.0)을 사용하였다. 결과 : 콘택트렌즈에 의한 굴절교정 후 동공크기는 6.72±0.65 mm로 나안상태보다 감소하였고(p<0.001), 동 공중심 이동량은 0.17±0.13 mm로 동공중심 offset은 0.36±0.18 mm로 나안상태보다 증가하였으며(p=0.005), 동공중심 offset 방향은 상이측, 하이측, 상비측, 하비측으로 이탈된 경우는 각각 46%, 36%, 9%, 9%로 나안상태와 차이가 없었다. 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 전체 고위수차와 구면수차는 유의하게 감소하였고(p=0.036, p<0.001), 코 마수차는 차이가 없었다. 구면수차는 동공크기와 상관성이 있었고(r=0.398, p=0.001), 코마수차는 동공중심 offset 과 상관성이 있었다(r=0.340, p=0.005). 결론 : 구면 단초점 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 동공중심 offset이 증가하였지만 고위수차와 구면수차는 감소하였고 코 마수차는 변함이 없어, 콘택트렌즈 착용으로 나타난 동공중심 offset이 시력의 질에 영향을 주지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 일반아동과 청각장애 아동의 말소리 낱말 위치, 조음 방법, 조음 위치에 따른 자음정확도와 음운 변동 반응 특성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구의 대상은 G시에 거주하는 일반 아동 10명과 청각장애 10명의 아동을 선정하여 아동용 한국어 조음 검사를 실시하여 80%의 전체 자음정확도를 기준으로 자음정확도가 높은 집단과 낮은 두 집단으로 나누어 발달적 음운 변동과 비 발달적 음운 변동의 출현율을 비교하였고, 두 집단 간 자음정확도에 따른 발달적 음운 변동과 비 발달적 음운 변동의 차이는 독립 표본 t 검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 자음 정확도 비교는 조음 방법 중 마찰음에서 청각장애아동이 일반아동보다 유의하게 높은 정확도를 보였다. 음운 변동 비교에서 일반 아동은 긴장음화에서 유의하게 높은 출현 빈도를 보인 반면 청각장애아동 집단은 긴장음과 대립되는 이완 음화가 높은 출현 빈도를 보였다. 집단 간 음운 변동 비교에서 일반 아동 집단이 비 발달적 음운 변동을 거의 나타내지 않은 반면, 청각장애 아동 집단은 초성 생략, 이완 음화, 성문 음화, 탈 비 음화 등의 비 발달적 음운 변동이 나타났으며, 청각장애아동 집단에서도 자음정확도가 낮은 집단에서 유의하게 높은 빈도로 나타났다.

본연구는유아교육기관의남자유아교사가담당하는학급의부모들이학기초에남자유 아교사에대하여어떤인식을가지고있는지, 남자유아교사가자녀의학급담임교사를담당 한 후에 어떠한변화가 있는지를비교분석함으로써 남자 유아교사의유아교직 적응도와 유아교육기관에서의 남자 유아교사의 필요성, 남자 유아교사의 역할 및 자질을 유아교직 적응도에 관한 기초 자료를제공하는데목적을 두고 연구하였다. 본 연구 대상은남자유아교사 가학급담임교사를하는 유아교육기관에자녀를맡기는11개 유아교육기관의학부모312명 이며, 연구 분석은 SPSS 18.0프로그램을 사용하여 백분율(%)을 구하였고 학부모들의 인식 차이를 알아보기 위해 X2-검증과 t-검정을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 연구결과 남자 유아교사 에대한사회인식, 학부모의인식변화를위해교사교육, 부모교육등의연구를통해인식변 화가 필요하고 남자도 유아교육에 참여할 수 있는 분위기를 만들어 유아교육이 양성교육을 지향하는 곳이 되도록 노력해야함을 시사해준다.

목적: 비구면 디자인의 소프트 콘택트렌즈 ASCL(aspheric soft contact lens)로 굴절교정을 한 젊은 성인 근시안에서 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 안구의 구면수차와 코마수차 변화를 확인하였다. 방법: 건강한 성인 근시안 50명(평균 연령: 23.15±1.70세, 평균 등가구면굴절력: –2.90±1.75 D)을 대상으로 굴절교정용 ASCL(Biotrue, Bausch+Lomb, USA)을 착용시킨 후 검사실의 조도 100 lx에서 고위수차와 동공크기를 측정하였다. 고위수차는 Wavefront Analyzer를 사용하여 동공크기 4 mm 영역에서 측정하였고, 동공크기는 Pupillometer를 이용하여 3.5 m 거리의 물체를 주시하도록 한 후 암소시(scotopic condition, light off) 상태에서 측정하였다. 결과: 20대 근시안의 구면수차와 코마수차는 0.026±0.031 ㎛, 0.078±0.039 ㎛, ASCL 착용 후에는 0.019±0.026 ㎛ and 0.082±0.038 ㎛로 구면수차는 감소하고 코마수차는 유의하게 증가하였다. 대상안 중 구면수차가 감소한 경우는 전체의 68%로 양의 구면수차를 갖는 대상안에서 감소하였고, 증가한 경우는 11%로 음의 구면수차를 갖는 대상안에서 증가하였다. 코마수차는 대상안의 53%에서 증가하였고 19%에서는 변함이 없었으며 28%에서 감소하였다. 약도 및 중등도 근시안에서 구면수차는 근시도와 상관성이 없었고, 코마수차는 근시도가 높을수록 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 조절자극이 없는 암소시 상태에서 ASCL 착용 후 안구의 구면수차는 양의 값을 갖는 경우에는 감소 하지만 음의 값을 갖는 경우에는 증가하였고, 이는 ASCL 디자인과 동공크기가 영향을 준 것으로 생각된다.

A one-year-old, intact female, Maltese dog was presented with a history of anorexia and regurgitation. Thoracic radiographs and ultrasonography scans suggested an abnormal mass in the cranial mediastinal region, and computed tomography confirmed the origin of this mass. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology showed the presence of intermediate to large lymphoid cells showing mitotic figures. B-cell lymphoma was confirmed by the result of a polymerase chain reaction assay for antigen receptor rearrangement, therefore the patient was diagnosed with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). The patient underwent L-CHOP (L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone)-based chemotherapy, and showed complete tumoral remission from the beginning of chemotherapy. Seventytwo weeks after the completion of chemotherapy, the patient is still alive without any evidence of metastasis or relapse. A standardized treatment protocol has yet to be established for primary mediastinal lymphoma in dogs. This case report describes the complete remission of PMBL by an L-CHOP-based chemotherapy protocol in a young Maltese. Clinicians should consider that L-CHOP based chemotherapy may be useful against PMBL in dogs.

본 연구는 유아의 요리활동을 통하여 재료의 물리적인 변화를 즐겁게 관찰하여 체험함으로써 얻어지는 다양한 개념 학습에 대한 내용을 연구하였다. 이는 요리가 단순히 먹기 위한 활동이 아닌 과정 자체를 유아들이 즐기는 시간이 되고, 결과를 예측하고 추론하는 과정을 통해서 과학적이고 합리적인 사고의 과정을 경험하는 시간이 되었다. 유아들의 선 경험이 활동 전 다양한 예측을 하게하고 자신의 생각이 다양한 요리활동을 통해 검증이 되었을 때 기쁨을 느끼고, 다른 결과로 보여 질 때 새로운 경험적 개념의 변화를 가능하게 하였다.

The term of culture industry was first presented by Adorno and Horkheimer. In the Culture Industry Theory, culture was explained as products of media (TV, Newspaper, Radio) and markets which were constantly adjusting consumption. And now the culture developed more industrialized in television dramas, movies, pop songs and their associated celebrities and their SNS, TV programs and fashion styles. The customer, especially Young Generation is involved in culture industry more widely, conveniently and closely, such as Web Series. The consumption of Web Series increased with multipliers especially the popular culture in Asia and Young Generation. Accompanied by developing rapidly, fierce competition happened in Web Series Industry. The purpose of this study is exploring what motivations drive Young Generation to Wen Series. This study will try to explore a measurement system of the equity of Web Series based on customer equity theory for estimating the future competitiveness and figure out what motivations drive customer’s perception of Web Series.

Purpose – Research on technology acceptance involves one's psychological aspect, known as technology readiness. Particularly in the digital acceptance context related to mobile advertising, this psychological condition is referred to digital readiness. Nasution, Rusnandi, Qodariah and Arnita (2018) argue that digital readiness is a prominent factor in the adoption of technology and digital applications. They have proven the importance of this digital readiness in their research on digital mastery level in a telecommunication company in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of digital readiness on the acceptance toward mobile advertising among millennials in Bandung, Indonesia. Relevant theories – Mobile advertising is part of digital advertising, as stated by Nasution & Aghniadi (2016), they define mobile advertising as a form of digital advertising that has attentions on engaging a strong communication to audience. This type of advertising adoption is still continuously growing and becoming preferable form of advertising for the Millenials. Researchers developed a model that links the influence of digital readiness to mobile advertising acceptance. In addition to these relationships, the research model they developed from the Technology Acceptance Model also included the influence of perceived usefulness and perceived risk to mobile ads acceptance. Design/methodology/approach – The research model is developed from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with a specific attention to assessing whether digital readiness influences the respondents’ perception of usefulness and risk of mobile advertising. The research performs quantitative approach using survey that is formed based on previous literature and conceptual model. Structural equations modelling (SEM) is also conducted to test the constructed model and the proposed hypotheses. Byme (2010) states the significance of the estimated coefficients for the hypothesis relationships which indicate whether the relationship between constructs held true or not. This research will then compare between three models that are differed by range of respondents’ ages. First model will be combined age that is 17-24 years old, second model is 17-20 years old and third model is 21-24 years old. Findings – The results show that digital readiness has a significant influence towards mobile advertising acceptance among Millennials, in which action readiness is more considered than attitudinal readiness in terms of further assessing mobile advertising. In addition, the study also illustrates Millennials’ perception of usefulness and risk of receiving mobile advertising. Younger group (17 – 20 years old) will not be affected much by usefulness of mobile advertising rather than the older group who will consider much about usefulness on accepting mobile advertising. The group also will take risk along with their ability to accept mobile advertising. It contradicts with the older group (21 – 24 years old) who see risk as hindrance in accepting mobile advertising. Research limitations/implications – The area coverage of respondents only included several cities across Java and does not concern about the place of origin of respondents. Besides, this research also possesses an age limit for its respondents that range from 17 to 24 years old to limit the diversity of attitudes, beliefs and perceptions. Originality/value – This study focuses on the concept of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in which the digital readiness is applied in the context that has not been conducted in Indonesia. Researchers conducted an empirical study on the effect of digital readiness on mobile advertising that is part of digital technology. The results of this research provide opportunities for digital readiness applications in research on the adoption of other digital technologies. Paper type - Applied research

Attitudes toward advertising as an institution remain an important research topic in developing countries. Even in the West, the issue is currently being revisited to update for various online media contexts. This paper examines attitudes toward advertising among college students in Egypt. There was little difference in attitudes depending on whether they were thinking of traditional TV advertising or advertising on social media, although they use SM much more frequently. Generally the respondents agreed with a range of issues related to the beneficial aspects of advertising, and only slightly agreed or were roughly neutral on most issues related to detrimental effects. There is strong support for laws about ‘truth-in-advertising’ and legal responsibility for claims, but only weak support for direct government control of advertising.

The prevalence of unsecured consumer credit is conducive to the normalization of credit and debt in consumer culture (Peñaloza & Barnhart, 2011). Credit facilities not only enable consumers to achieve intertemporal borrowing possibilities, but also empower individuals to become active members in contemporary consumer culture (Bernthal, Crockett, & Rose, 2005). However, viewing credit and debt as “normal” has often put consumers in precarious financial positions that ultimately lead to longterm struggle of debt repayment and financial deprivation (Fischer, 2013). As Peñaloza and Barnhart (2011) observe, “as phenomena normalize, they merit less conscious attention in being taken for granted” (p.760), which could lead to a fallacious sense of optimism amongst those who may be financially vulnerable. Consequently, the normalization of credit and debt presents a moral challenge in the credit market in that it disrupts consumer capacity to engage in optimal financial socialization. The normalization of debt practice is especially relevant to those who are in the process of learning to use financial tools and to adapt to their accepted practices. Thus, this research pays specific attention to young consumers aged 18-24, as the majority of the population tend to encounter their first stage of financial socialization within this age group. For example, 18 years is the minimum eligibility age for opening a bank account, applying for credit card and using other financial products without parental supervision. Despite being digital natives who benefit from valuable access to offline and online financial decision-making guidance, young consumers are also statistically more likely to experience financial vulnerability than any other age groups. For instance, the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (2017) finds that 52% of 18 to 24 year-olds reported low confidence in their ability to manage money and knowledge of financial matters – the worst amongst all adult financial consumers. One in ten people in this age group are also reporting financial difficulties in meeting their day-to-day living expenses and servicing their debts (Financial Conduct Authority, 2017). The young consumer cohort also represents a lucrative target for the credit industry. For example, previous studies find that the young consumers have greater lifetime earning potential than other age groups and greater likelihood to develop long-term brand loyalty towards their first credit card (Braunsberger, Lucas, & Roach, 2004; Szmigin & O’Loughlin, 2010; Warwick & Mansfield, 2000). However, credit card marketing efforts to this market segment has harboured concerns over the youths’ long-term financial welfare due to their predatory practices on these inexperienced consumers. A major criticism of the credit card targeting towards youths is on the promotion of positive, aspirational images of credit card use, which obscures the negative consequences of debt. Moreover, credit card marketing often fails to display transparent credit pricing structures. For example, consumers often do not realize that spending on a 0% balance transfer deal when the promotional period subsides will incur higher interest than non-promotional interest rate (Money Advice Trust, 2009). Despite a growing interest on youth financial literacy (e.g., Richins 2011), the literature remain disconnected and fragmented when it comes to the learning process that individuals go through in order to become financially capable consumers. Such knowledge is valuable for policy developers who seek to enhance young consumers’ financial learning. Following extant research, we define financial socialization as an experiential process influenced by influential agents who interact with, teach and guide individual’s attitude formation and behavior around money (Pinto, 2005; Shim, Barber, Card, Xiao, & Serido, 2010; Ward, 1974). The present research thus aims to examine the impact of debt normalization on the consumers’ financial learning and socialization. In doing so, this study offers important implications in providing insights into how marketing practice can improve their communication strategies and how public policy can strengthen intervention to improve consumer financial decisions.

Investigation concerning the presence of customer-brand relationships in online communities is recent and scarce and might offer potential (Moraes et al., 2014; Huber et al., 2015; Vernuccio et al., 2015). The purpose of this investigation is to understand and analyse how brand love can influence brand loyalty among millennials generation, considering engagement constructs and social networks. It bridges an academia gap in the context of the consumer brand relationship literature. This research aims to answer the following questions: (1) Is brand love effective in building true brand loyalty? (2) Does interactive engagement with brands and brand love contribute to build brand loyalty? and (3) Does interactive engagement on social networks reflect millennials love of brands? To collect data we conducted two online surveys, covering two different brand categories: Fashion and Electronics/Technology. We have in total 1278 inquiries. The analyses of data and hypotheses test were made by using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and a multi-group factor analysis. The proposed structural equation model was validated and all hypothesis were accepted. So, consumers’ Brand Related Social Media Content was proved to have a direct impact on Social Interactive Brands and Brand Loyalty. Social Interactive Brands were proved to have a direct impact on Emotional Attachment and Self Expressive Brands which also proved direct impact on Brand Love. Brand Love for instance was proved has been directly connected with Brand Loyalty and Word of Mouth and Brand Loyalty also, directly impacts Word of Mouth. The model behave well in the previous research so we wanted to test it with a smaller sample and different brand categories the results would maintain. The results of the multi-group factor analysis showed that we have configural and metric invariance in both different studies, covering Fashion and Technological brands. As though for management purposes it might be of no disagreement to state that marketing alone is no longer enough to influence purchase motivation and intention for consumers. This investigation advance and valid a new theoretical framework in the consumer brand love approach