Gas hydrates are crystalline solids in which gas molecules (guests) are trapped in water cavities (hosts) that are composed of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. During the formation of gas hydrates in seawater, the equilibria and kinetics are then affected by salinity. In this study, the effects of salinity on the equilibria of CO2 and R134-a gas hydrates has been investigated by tracing the changes of operating temperature and pressure. Increasing the salinity by 1.75% led to a drop in the equilibrium temperature of about 2 oC for CO2 gas hydrate and 0.38 oC for R-134a gas hydrate at constant equilibrium pressure; in other words, there were rises in the equilibrium pressure of about 1 bar and 0.25 bar at constant equilibrium temperature, respectively. The kinetics of gas hydrate formation have also been investigated by time-resolved in-situ Raman spectroscopy; the results demonstrate that the increase of salinity delayed the formation of both CO2 and R134-a gas hydrates. Therefore, various ions in seawater can play roles of inhibitors for gas hydrate formation in terms of both equilibrium and kinetics.

For the development of a low-melting point filler metal for brazing aluminum alloy, we analyzed change of melting point and wettability with addition of Sn into Al-20Cu-10Si filler metal. DSC results showed that the addition of 5 wt% Sn into the Al-20Cu-10Si filler metal caused its liquidus temperature to decrease by about 30 oC. In the wettability test, spread area of melted Al-Cu-Si-Sn alloy is increased through the addition of Sn from 1 to 5 wt%. For the measuring of the mechanical properties of the joint region, Al 3003 plate is brazed by Al-20Cu-10Si-5Sn filler metal and the mechanical property is measured by tensile test. The results showed that the tensile strength of the joint region is higher than the tensile strength of Al 3003. Thus, failure occurred in the Al 3003 plate.

Tensile tests and creep tests were carried out at high temperatures on an Al-Al4C3 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying technique. The material contains about 2.0 % carbon and 0.9 % oxygen in mass percent, and the volume fractions of Al4C3 and Al2O3 particles are estimated at 7.4 and 1.4 %, respectively, from the chemical composition. Minimum creep rate decreased steeply near two critical stresses, σcl (the lower critical stress) and σcu (the upper critical stress), with decreasing applied stress at temperatures below 723 K. Instantaneous plastic strain was observed in creep tests above a critical stress, σci, at each test temperature. σcu and σci were fairly close to the 0.2% proof stress obtained by tensile tests at each test temperature. It is thought that σcl and σcu correspond to the microscopic yield stress and the macroscopic yield stress, respectively. The lower critical stress corresponds to the local yield stress needed for dislocations to move in the soft region within subgrains. The creep strain in the low stress range below 723 K arises mainly from the local deformation of the soft region. The upper critical stress is equivalent to the macroscopic yield stress necessary for dislocations within subgrains or in subboundaries; this stress can extensively move beyond subboundaries under a stress above the critical point to yield a macroscopic deformation. At higher temperatures above 773 K, the influence of the diffusional creep increases and the stress exponent of the creep rate decreases.

NaCaLa1-x(MoO4)3:Ho3+/Yb3+ ternary molybdates with proper doping concentrations of Ho3+ and Yb3+ (x = Ho3+ +Yb3+, Ho3+ = 0.05 and Yb3+ = 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50) were successfully synthesized by microwave sol-gel method. Well-crystallized particles formed after heat-treatment at 900 oC for 16 h showed a fine and homogeneous morphology with particle sizes of 3-5 μm. Under excitation at 980 nm, the UC intensities of the doped samples exhibited strong yellow emissions based on the combination of strong emission bands at 520-nm and 630-nm emission bands in the green and red spectral regions, respectively. The optimal Yb3+:Ho3+ ratios were obtained at 9:1 and 10:1, as indicated by the compositiondependent quenching effect of the Ho3+ ions. The pump power dependence of the upconversion emission intensity and the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of the phosphors were evaluated in detail.

Mineral filler is used for resin compounds, because it increases the stiffness and thermal stability of a resin compound, and it also cuts down the cost. Calcium carbonate, silica, magnesium oxide, and others are used as filler materials in general, and the type of filler material, the size, and content can affect the physical properties of compounds. Those factors also influence the viscosity of resin mixtures and the workability, and should be adjusted by changing the contents of the filler, which depends on the size. In this study, five kinds of ground calcium carbonate, which were different in size, were used to produce polyester compounds ; the physical properties were compared with the filler size and contents. The mechanical properties were measured by bending strength and tensile strength, and the heat deflection temperature was obtained for thermal stability.

The hydrogen embrittlement of two austenitic high-manganese steels was investigated using tensile testing under high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The test results were compared with those of different kinds of austenitic alloys containing Ni, Mn, and N in terms of stress and ductility. It was found that the ultimate tensile stress and ductility were more remarkably decreased under high-pressure gaseous hydrogen than under high-pressure gaseous argon, unlike the yield stress. In the specimens tested under high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, transgranular fractures were usually observed together with intergranular cracking near the fracture surface, whereas in those samples tested under high-pressure gaseous argon, ductile fractures mostly occurred. The austenitic high-manganese steels showed a relatively lower resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than did those with larger amounts of Ni because the formation of deformation twins or microbands in austenitic highmanganese steels probably promoted planar slip, which is associated with localized deformation due to gaseous hydrogen.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of ELF-MF emissions from underground cable lines near daycare centers in the metropolitan city of Seoul. We investigated 143 daycare centers from June to September of 2015. In addition, the rate of reduction of ELF-MF levels according to the distance from the line was calculated using simulations. The ELF-MF emission level of 143 daycare centers at boundary point was 1.37 ± 1.75 mG (GM: 0.75 mG) and at direct point was 11.14 ± 17.99 mG (GM:6.05 mG). ELF-MF levels at direct point were 8.13 (arithmetic mean) and 8.06 (geometric mean) times higher, respectively, than that at the boundary point. By analyzing the relationship between ELF-MF and electricity current (A) and operating depth (m), a significant correlation was found between ELF-MF and current (A) and depth (m), at 0.360 (p<0.01) and -0.303 (p<0.05), respectively. The results of the simulation showed that appropriate separation distances showing below 4 mG was 8m and 14m, adjusted mean current (A) and maximum current (A), respectively. The results of the study suggest that a plan should be implemented for the management of ELF-MF in High voltage power-line and Underground cable line areas, through a broad and detailed survey and risk communication.

A single-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was evaluated in terms of its performance in removing dust in subway tunnels. A wire-to-plate type ESP was tested in a small-scale wind tunnel. The effects of wire-to-wire spacing (2040 mm) and the material connecting wire-to-wire on the performance of ESP were investigated, with varying applied voltage and airflow velocity. A narrower wire-to-wire spacing showed higher collection efficiency at the same applied voltage. Lower electrical resistivity of material connecting wire to wire was more effective. Ozone generation in subway tunnel applications was insignificant.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of moisture removal using a moisture condensation tube on the odor concentration, when sampling a malodorous substance from an odor discharge facility’s emission sites. For high-temperature and humid gas streams, the odor concentration was decreased through the use of a moisture condensation tube. The multiple odor concentration of the high-temperature and humid gas streams emitted from boiler-burning equipment decreased from a 3,000 to a 1,221 dilution factor when using one or two moisture condensation tube. This multiple odor concentration was further decreased to a 1,000 dilution factor by using two moisture condensation tubes and glass beads, and also was decreased to a 374 dilution factor by using two moisture condensation tubes and silicagel. Among the designated offensive odorous substances, ammonia, trimethylamine and acetaldehyde that have high solubility in water showed high reduction rate of their concentration. Compared to the result using a sampling tube only, the concentration was decreased by 94.8% ~ 97.7% for ammonia, by 87.5% ~ 95.9% for trimethylamine and by 100% for acetaldehyde. The findings of this study indicate that sampling using a moisture condensation tube affects the concentration of multiple odors. Therefore, it is considered that using a sampling tube only for emissions sampling enhances analytical accuracy and precision rather than using moisture condensation tube with sampling tube, even for the emissions containing moisture.

The following study aims to estimate the configuration ratio of the ion compounds that identifies the cause of fine dust and ways to reduce it. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of fine particles in a tunnel and the configuration form of ionic composition were interpreted to establish reasonable measurement for air quality management. Seasonal measurements were performed by collecting samples from the Mia sageori subway station. Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used to estimate the configuration ratio of ions in this study. The results showed that the test performed outside showed about 56.4% of total ion, with (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, CaCO3 and NaCl showing concentrations of 2.138 μg/m3, 1.957 μg/m3, 1.697 μg/m3 and 1.600 μg/m3, respectively, while the results indoor had CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl showing concentrations of 2.272 μg/m3, 2.204 μg/m3, 1.656 μg/m3 and 1.342 μg/m3, respectively, about 65.1% of total ion. During the usage of tunnel, it was found that CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and MgCO3 showed concentrations of 3.464 μg/m3, 1.732 μg/m3, 1.698 μg/m3 and 0.582 μg/m3, respectively, total ion of 70.2% was presented.

본 연구는 정보사회로의 진입으로 인한 노년층 정보 불평등을 야기시키는 디지털 격 차에 대한 해소방안, 특히 미디어 소외 계층으로 노년층의 스마트 미디어 사용과 디지털 격차에 대한 이슈에 집중하여 노년층에서 발생되고 있는 스마트 미디어 사용과 관 련한 디지털 격차의 유형과 발생 요인을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 노년층 스마트 미디어 디지 털 격차의 유형은 ‘접근격차’, ‘이용격차’ 및 ‘활용격차’로 분류되어졌다. 노년층이 스마트 미 디어 사용에 있어서 발생하는 접근, 이용, 활용 등 3가지 격차에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분 석한 결과, 첫째, 접근격차에는 소득, 학력, 신체적 만족도, 사회적 만족도가 영향력을 가지 고 있었다. 즉, 접근격차의 경우 경제력과 학력이 노년층에게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 고, 추가적으로 신체적 만족도와 사회적 만족도가 높은 노년층이 스마트 미디어 접근이 수 월하다는 것을 발견하였다. 둘째, 이용격차의 경우 설명력을 가지고 있는 변인은 연령, 지 역, 학력, 신체적 만족도 그리고 사회적 만족도로 나타났는데, 연령이 낮을수록, 학력이 높 을수록 스마트 미디어 기본적 이용에 익숙하였으며 중소도시의 노년층이 이용에 덜 불편함 을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 활용격차에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 연령, 학력, 사 회적 만족도로 나타났고, 남성이며 연령이 낮고 고학력의 노년층이 스마트 미디어의 응용 능력이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

To obtain information on the sanitary condition of indoor environment in greenhouses used for shiitake cultivation, bacteria associated with larvae and imagoes of Sciaridae flies, a pest to shiitake mushroom, were isolated and identified. A total of 1,048 bacterial colonies were isolated from the flies’ larvae and 984 bacterial colonies were isolated from the flies’ imagoes. Based on the molecular analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis of betaproteobacteria, Enterobacter asburiae and Raoultella ornithinolytica of gammaproteobacteria, Curtobacterium sp. and Microbacterium thalassium of Actinobacteria, and Penibacillus taichungensis of Firmicutes were identified from the colonies of the flies’ larvae. On the other hand, Bacillus megaterium, B. thuringiensis, Lysinbacillus sphaericus and L. fusifomis of Firmicutes, Microbacterium thalassium and Citricoccus parietis of Actinobacteria, and Enterobacter asburiae of gammaproteobacteria were identified from the flies’ imagoes. Some of the isolated bacterial species were known to be human pathogens. Overall, the results of this study suggested that mushroom fly carrying human pathogenic bacteria is one of factors affecting the sanitary of indoor environment of greenhouses used for shiitake cultivation.

Carcasses of pigs were trench buried using either general soil or mature compost as a cover material and the malodorous substances discharged were observed about a year. With the soil burial method, the speed of decay was shown to be dominantly affected by the ambient air temperature. However the compost burial method’s decaying process took place quickly, even ambient air temperature was dropped; it holds the temperature of 40oC or higher. With the compost burial method, there was a period where, the temperature inside the pig carcasses and the temperature of cover-material layer were strongly reversed. From this discovery, level of decay process could be speculated. With the soil burial method there was a trend when malodorous substances concentration was high, the level of concentration in the cover soil was also tends to be high. However, the compost burial method had different result. When malodorous substances concentration was high the level of concentration in the compost cover layer was observed to be lower. This indicates compost burial method shown to intercept and absorb malodorous substances. Furthermore, the compost burial method appears to be able to contribute to deactivate the pathogens by quickly decompose the carcasses at a high temperature.

This study measured the particulate matter (PM) in a subway tunnel using a dust spectrometer and estimated the PM10 and PM2.5 using a Kriging method. For the hourly measurement, a probe was attached inside the cabin and put through the window to collect data from the outside. The Kriging method is a spatial analysis method, and time and spatial data were applied in the subway tunnel along with a PM concentration map. The result of the measurement shows that PM10 is 31.9~271.3 μg/m3 and PM2.5 is 30.9~209.5 μg/m3. In addition, The pollutant map shows that some sections have a higher concentration than other sections because of the depth and curvature of tunnel and traffic volume on the section and local construction. Also, the results show that differences concentration at different times of sampling could be distinguished. The highest concentration was found at 3 pm while the lowest was at 12 pm. We expect to use the pollutant map in planning air quality improvements for the tunnel.

본 연구는 뮤지컬 「웨스트 사이드 스토리」를 통하여 어떻게 드라마 형성소들이 다층 적으로 그려져 있는지 분석한다. 이와 동시에 뮤지컬 내 다양한 형태로 구성되어 있는 넘버의 배치가 어떠한 미적효과를 가져오는지를 증명하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 뮤지컬에서 넘버는 그 자체만으로도 서사가 진행이 되며, 그 배치에 따라 극적 기능을 달리한다. 즉, 뮤지컬 넘버 그 자체가 플롯으로서의 역할을 한다. 극적 분위기를 암시하고, 주인공의 심경을 표현하며, 극적 갈등 인자인 동시에 극적 회복의 기능을 지니는 등 스토리 가 아닌 플롯으로서의 기능을 지니는 것이다. 특히 ‘투나잇-오중창’의 경우, 공간분할을 통해 표현되는 다섯 가지의 욕망의 대립으로 인하여, 극적 긴장감을 극도로 상승시켜 작품의 클라이맥스 역할을 지닌다. 하나의 넘버 안 에서 다섯 가지의 이야기를 분리시키고, 그것을 유기적으로 연결시킴으로서 한 작품이 시 사하는 테마와 목적을 드러낸다. 결론적으로, 본 논문을 통해 뮤지컬의 넘버가 플롯으로서 어떻게 역할을 하느냐에 따라 극의 완성도가 결정된다는 사실을 밝히고자 한다. 또한 이 연구를 통하여 향후 뮤지컬 넘버 와 플롯을 구조화시키는 데 길잡이역할을 하고자 한다.

This paper presents the results of a human health effect for H2S emission standard of incinerators in Seoul, Korea. The four selected incinerators of Gangnam, Mapo, Nowon and Yangcheon were chosen as the domains of study. Air dispersion modelling (AERMOD) was used to predict the ground level concentration within 3 km distance of the emission source. The emissions at the incinerators studied ranged from 0.0721 (Yangcheon) to 0.3007 g/s (Gangnam). These values were about three orders of magnitude smaller than that of Canadian geothermal power plants. Based on the health risk assessment, different health risks were identified for short-term and long-term dispersion of the studied areas. The short-term hazard quotient (HQ) for H2S of Gangnam and Nowon incinerators were greater than the acceptable limit (i.e., 1.0) in some locations. However the long-term HQ for H2S of all incinerators were lower than the acceptable limit.

This study aimed at providing fundamental information for development of governmental policy on radon management, investigated the radon levels of residential homes nationwide. It also suggested the necessity for policy development which focuses on management of the degree of harm through the installation of radon alarm devices and radon reduction consulting for homes with radon readings in excess of recommended threshold. Results showed that the radon level of the subjects of this study, 1,167 houses, was 97.3 ± 65.8 Bq/m3. Regionally, Seoul had the highest level, while Jeju had the lowest. In the first round of the investigation, the number of houses, with radon level which exceeded the recommended threshold, 148 Bq/m3, was 171. However, as a result of the radon alarm installation and radon reduction consultation, the indoor radon level of 137 households decreased to less than the recommended threshold. In the second round of the investigation, 80% of the households, the radon concentration of which exceeded the current recommended threshold in the first round, appeared to maintain their radon concentration below the recommended threshold. As a result of the communication about radon's harmfulness and the installation of the radon alarm device for recognition of harmful environments. It could be deduced from this result that the communication about harm contributes to the reduction of radon.

This study has intended to analyze the impact of odor perception of residents, who currently live in Ochang industrial complex, on their subjective odor sensitiveness. In addition to the relationship between the perception and the sensitiveness, odor acceptance was considered as moderating variable in a research model. Korean governments has experienced even great and small civil complaints regarding bad smells throughout the country especially around the industrial complex. The residential areas are getting much closer to industrial complex due to major cities’ expansion. The closer cities are to industrial areas, the bigger the conflicts are growing due to the odor. According to the research results, it was proven that residents’ concerns on an bad image due to odor, their perception on an administrative agency’s responsibilities and economical values of their living places have a significant effect on the odor sensitiveness. Moreover, odor acceptance perceived by them has a negative moderating effect between odor perception and odor sensitiveness. Based on such results, implications and suggestions are included in the research to support the research objectives.

특별회계를 다 일반회계로 합치는 것이 무조건 좋은 것은 아니다. 일 본처럼 특별회계가 잘못 운용되어서 폐지된 경우도 있지만 효율적으로 잘 운영된 경우는 영국이나 네덜란드처럼 오히려 예산상 자율성과 조직 의 자율성까지 더 보장되는 경우인 책임운영기관으로 발전되는 경우도 있기에 획일적인 관점이 아닌 지금까지의 운영성과를 중심으로 평가하는 것이 필요하다. 그런 면에서 다른 특별회계보다 더 재정의 건전성에 기 여하였기에 등기특별회계는 유지되고 오히려 발전될 필요성이 있다고 보 인다. 등기특별회계는 1993년 도입 이후 상당한 효과를 거두었다. 등기 업무 전산화로 인해 등기업무의 정확성과 효율성이 제고되어 국민들에게 더 나은 서비스 제공하였고, 대국민 서비스 개선 효과와 인력 절감 효과 등 경제적, 산술적 효과도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 목표는 등기특별 회계 도입으로 장기적인 투자가 가능했기에 달성할 수 있었던 것으로 평 가된다. 아직 논란은 있지만 향후 통일에 대비한 등기업무의 준비도 장 래를 위한 측면에서 장기간 필요한 특정사업이라고 볼 수 있다. 다만 이 는 현재의 등기수수료를 부담하는 자에게 바로 수익을 주는 것은 아니기 에 수익자부담의 원칙이라는 수수료의 본질에 반할 수 있다는 비판이 있 지만 장기적으로는 그렇지 아니하다는 점을 검토하였다. 영국과 네덜란드의 등기 관련 기관은 책임운영기관의 법적 성격을 가 지고 있는 특징이 있다. 영국형은 정부 내(hive in)에서 독립되어 있기 때문에 공무원의 신분을 가지고 있다. 네덜란드는 정부 밖(hive off)으로 독립되어 있기 때문에 공무원 조직이 아니다. 이러한 책임운영기관의 특 징은 수익성을 전제로 한 국민의 재산권을 보호한다는 공익적 인 공기업 의 특성을 전제로 한다는 공통점을 발견할 수 있다. 이는 등기수수료도 향후 부동산의 시세차이에 따라 공신력을 전제로 한 보상기금을 마련한 다는 전제하에서 통계청 자료를 살펴보면 2013년 기준으로 우리나라 가 계전체 자산 중 부동산 비중은 약 67.8%정도인 점을 고려한다면 등기수 수료의 인상 등의 납부저항은 상당히 적을 것이기에 시세에 다른 차등수 수료를 열람수수료를 제외한 신청수수료를 거둔다면 향후 등기특별회계 의 발전방향으로 검토하는 것도 필요하다고 보인다. 그리고 향후 과제 및 정책 제언과 관련하여 회계관리를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인은 세출의 필요성 때문이다. 세출을 별도로 관리할 필요가 있을 경우 특별회계를 운영하는 것이 바람직하다. 재산권 보호는 경제성장 및 국민의 삶의 질 향상에 필수적인 요소이기에 등기에 공신력을 부여하 고, 등기를 누구나 손쉽게 이용할 수 있도록 해야하고 통일을 대비한 장기 적인 안목이 필요해 보인다. 등기제도의 신뢰성을 부여하기 위해서 등기수 수료 적립을 통한 피해보상기금제도를 운영하는 것을 적극 검토해볼 필요 가 있다. 따라서 해외사례에 비추어 볼 때 한시법적인 등기특별회계 연장 또는 영구법으로서의 등기특별회계의 도입 등의 방안을 적극 고려할 필요 가 있다. 영구법으로서의 등기특별회계의 도입이 단기적으로 어려울 경우, 최소한 등기제도 선진화 작업이 마무리되고, 등기제도의 법적 공신력이 확 립될 때까지는 별도의 회계로 유지하는 것이 필요해보이고 향후 통일까지 대비한다면 더 장기적으로 특별회계로 운영될 필요가 있다.

본 연구는 PR 캠페인에 대한 공중의 이슈 관여도가 커뮤니케이션 진정성 인식에 미 지는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서 이슈 관여도는 사회적 차원과 개 인적 차원으로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 CSR과 위기커뮤니케이션 상황에서 공 중의 이슈 관여도 수준이 커뮤니케이션 진정성 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였 으며 이 두 PR 캠페인 간에 어떠한 차이가 나타나는가를 비교하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과 를 요약하면 다음과 같다. CSR 캠페인에서의 변량분석결과, 공중의 사회적 그리고 개인적 이슈 관여도는 커뮤니 케이션 진정성의 이성적, 행동적, 감성적 차원 모두에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다. 단 행동적 차원에 있어서 개인적 이슈 관여도는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타 났다. 위기 커뮤니케이션에서의 변량분석결과, 공중의 사회적 이슈 관여도는 커뮤니케이션 진정성의 이성적, 감성적 차원에 부적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 개인적 이슈 관여도는 모든 커뮤니케이션 진정성 차원에 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 놓고 볼 때, CSR 캠페인의 커뮤니케이션 진정성을 높이기 위해서 는 사회적 그리고 개인적 이슈 관여도를 고려한 PR 캠페인의 이슈 선정 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다. 또한 위기 커뮤니케이션에서는 개인적 이슈 관여도보다는 사회적 이슈 관여도에 집중하고 감성적 차원의 커뮤니케이션 진정성을 높이기 위한 방법을 모색하기 위한 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다.