The purpose of this study was to assess follicular viability and competence through in vitro culture of preantral follicles isolated from vitrified mouse whole ovaries. Mouse preantral follicles were enzymatically isolated from vitrified-warmed and fresh ovaries and cultured for 10 days followed by in vitro oocyte maturation. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Five minutes pre-exposure to vitrification solution of whole ovaries had significantly higher (p<0.05) oocyte survival and maturation rates than between 10 min exposure groups. Oocyte diameter was significantly smaller (p<0.05) in the 5 and 10 min exposure groups (69.4±2.8 and 67.8±3.1) when compared to that of control group (71.7±2.1). There was no statistical significant difference in blastocyst development rates between vitrification group (8.6%) and the fresh control group (12.0%). The mean number of cells per blastocyst was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the vitrification group (41.9±20.2) than in the fresh control group (55.1±22.5). The results show that mouse oocytes within preantral follicles isolated from the vitrified whole ovaries can achieve full maturation, normal fertilization and embryo development.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of light intensity during a winter season on rooting and subsequent growth of stenting-propagated domestic cut rose (Rosa hybrida Hort.) ‘Pink Aurora’ and ‘Yellow King’ in an effort to develop an efficient stenting propagation method for rose cultivars. To facilitate graft joining, both base of scion and top of rootstock, removed leaves, were cut together at a 45ο angle. Single node scions, each with a five-leaflet leaf, were grafted on Rosa indica ‘Major’ as the rootstock. A scion-rootstock union was stuck in a rockwool cube (5 cm × 5 cm× 5 cm, Grodan, Denmark) and was placed in a graft-take chamber for five days before being moved to a misted greenhouse bench. Plants were grown under 650 (0%), 228 (35%), or 125 (55%) μmol·m-2·s-1 of the incident sunlight. Rooting and growth were affected by the light intensity and cultivar. In both cultivars, root growth was accelerated and percent rooting increased under higher light intensities. No shading generally showed the highest percent rooting, shoot length, shoot weight, length of longest root, and root weight. Chlorophyll content was not significantly affected by the light intensity. The greatest rooting and subsequent growth of stenting-propagated plants were found in the no shading. The results suggested that shading was not necessary for the stenting propagation of domestic cut rose cultivars during a winter season.

The purpose of this paper is to present Smart Virtual TRS(Trunked Radio System) service that gives the TRS function in mobile network with smart phone application and server. TRS is essential equipment of logistics vehicle so, most of trunk drivers uses TRS frequently. Developed service is based on smartphone without TRS equipment. Therefore, Smart virtual TRS included in TMS(Transportation Management System) has some effects for logistics company. i) Smart Virtual TRS gives better communication environment between office and drivers. ii) Smartphone App gives flexibility to TMS functions. iii) Smart Virtual TRS gives cost reduction effect.

Smart work is advanced business concepts can work efficiently anytime and anywhere beyond conventional office working. Smart work includes mobile office using mobile devices, remote working(home working) using video conferencing system and mart work center. This paper presents development processes of a smart work for After business especially for the elevator industry. We called developed smart work for A/S work. A/S work using iPhone has some advantages compare to previous A/S system: 1) Before/After photo management. 2) The assessment process to customer satisfaction. 3) The work history management using app. 4) The inquiry and confirmation function to current status of all workers. 5) The group SMS function sending selected workers. A/S work was used ‘M’ elevator A/S business and found to be a efficient smart work system.

Writing instruction has not been actively implemented in secondary schools in Korea, even though the National Curriculum suggests teaching all four communication skills in a balanced way. Taking the aforementioned into account in terms of continuity between secondary and higher education, this study explores college students' perceptions of writing in English through their actual writing experiences. Over fifty local area students who were advised to keep journals provided their ideas and thoughts on why English writing is hard for them. Data revealed that writing practice made the students aware of their lack of L2 knowledge, such as grammatical, syntactic, or lexical aspects. As the students developed their basic L2 knowledge, they recognized their need for L2 writing instruction. Some students revealed their anx iety through their writing. Others looked back on their learning in the past and reflected upon its shortcomings. Several attentive learners who showed interests in Engli sh learn ing provided their opinions on L2 writing. With the advent of the National Engli sh Ability Test (NEAT), the English education environment in Korea wi ll be changing. Thus, more output-oriented communicative activities and more opportunities for output need to be introduced in Korean English education arena for meaningful leallling process.

In order to develop an efficient microbial source of cellulase enzyme system, cellulolytic fungal strain was newly isolated from traditional Korean nuruk samples in the present study. The crude enzyme extract of this fungal strain, avicelase, CMCase and β-glucosidase activities reached the maximal points of 6.73, 3.22, and 5.64 units/mL, respectively and was used for the subsequent enzymatic saccharification on pretreated deproteinised and lipid-extracted rice bran. This strain was identified as Penicillium sp. determined by cellular fatty acid composition analysis. Three different pretreatment conditions were evaluated on the deproteinised and lipid-extracted rice bran at 121oC/1.5 psi for 5 different residence times: one with 0.1 N sulfuric acid, another with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, and the last with distilled water. The greatest enzymatic saccharification yield increased up to 75.2% from acid-catalyzed autoclaving pretreatment for 30 min. The acid-catalyzed autoclaving pretreatment enhanced the saccharifying ability of the newly isolated cellulolytic fungal strain on the deproteinised and lipid-extracted rice bran.

This study investigates the types and frequencies of verb errors in Korean college students' essays in order to ascertain what aspects of English verb use Korean learners find most troublesome. The data used in this study were retrieved from a learner corpus consisting of essays written by 399 students who major in humanities at a university in Seoul. The 686 verb errors found in the corpus were classified into the following four major categories: (a) omission of necessary items in a verb phrase, (b) addition of unnecessary items in a verb phrase, (c) misformation ofa verb phrase, and (d) misordering of items in a verb phrase. A careful examination of these 686 verb errors has revealed that misformation is the most common form of error, accounting for over 60% of all the errors. A sub-category of misformation errors, agreement errors in turn accounted for more than half of all the 4 I 6 misformation errors (216 tokens), a number bigger than any of the other three categories of error types, i.e. omission (175 tokens), addition (72 tokens), and misordering (23 tokens). This finding might have resulted from negative influence from the students' L I, as Korean verbs do not conjugate according to grammatical person. Another noteworthy finding is the fact that the students made a great number of errors with both the lexical and the auxiliary uses of be and have. Considering that both uses of these two verbs are taught early on in Korea, this finding suggests that Korean students need to be continually provided with contexts in which they can practice different uses of be and have.

It has been documented that SPA0355 exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of nuclear factor¬kappaB activation. In present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SPA0355 on periodontitis in an animal model. Periodontitis was induced by ligation of the cervix of the 1st molar in the left mandible in rats. After ligature, the rats were randomly divided into four groups and topically applied with SPA0355 (0.5, 1, and 2%) or the vehicle alone once daily for 10 days. Body weight and food intake were measured daily throughout the experimental period. At day 10 post-ligature, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and distance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) in the distal area of ligatured tooth were estimated histopathologically. No changes in body weight or food intake were found between the control and SPA0355 groups. The degree of inflammation was decreased in all three SPA0355 application groups. A decrease CEJ-ABC distance was observed in the 0.5% and 1% SPA0355 groups. These results indicate that SPA0355 inhibits the infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption and suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis.

식물의 노화를 지연시킨다고 알려져 있는 사이토키 닌을 정식시 접삽묘에 처리하여 국내 육성 스프레이 절화장미 ‘New Man’과 ‘New Lady’의 이후 생장과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 본 연구를 수행하였 다. 발근한 장미 접삽묘에 무처리(대조구), kinetin 10 mg·L-1 또는 BA 50 mg·L-1를 엽면살포(신초처리 ) 또는 관주(뿌리처리) 처리한 후, 암면 슬래브에 즉시 (0일) 또는 처리 7일 후(7일)에 정식하여 이후의 생장 을 비교하였다. ‘New Man’의 정식 후 초기 신초장은 kinetin 또는 BA를 엽면살포 또는 관주 처리하여 0 또는 7일 후 정식했을 때 무처리에 비해 약간 촉진되 었으나 ‘New Lady’의 경우 이러한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 사이토키닌을 엽면살포 또는 관주 처리 하여도 두 품종 모두의 최초 3회 수확시까지의 절화 수량은 영향을 받지 않았다. 무처리 0일 정식구는 무 처리 7일 정식구의 식물에 비해 최초 3회 수확시까지 의 절화 수량이 우수하였다. 이와 같이 발근한 접삽묘 의 정식시 사이토키닌을 지상부나 뿌리에 처리하여도 이후의 수량성에는 그 효과가 나타나지 않았으므로 ‘New Man’과 ‘New Lady’의 접삽묘에는 사이토키닌을 처리할 필요가 없다는 결론이다. 또한 발근한 접삽묘의 뿌리가 노화하는 것을 방지하기 위해 가능한 빨리 발근 된 식물을 정식하는 것이 좋다고 판단된다.

Software release planning in software development is to assign its features to releases in a specified planning horizon,satisfying technology, resource, risk, and budget constraints. The release planning problembecomes more complicated when the concept of software product lines (SPL) is considered. In this research, a precedence-constrained multiple 0-1 knapsack problem regarding SPL characteristics is formulated to maximize the objective function depending on the value of the release, the importance of stakeholders, the urgency of a feature and its value to stakeholders. As the optimization solution approach, dynamic programming model is developed to solve the precedence-constrained multiple 0-1 knapsack problem as well as a heuristic and reduction algorithm are applied to reduce the size of the problem at each stage

IAEA 및 국내의 방사성물질 운반 관련 규정에 따라 중·저준위 방사성폐기물 드럼 8개를 운반할 수 있는 IP-2형 운반용기를 개발하였다. IP-2형 운반용기는 낙하시험 및 적층시험을 거친 후 내용물의 유실 또 는 분산과 운반용기 외부표면에서의 방사선량률이 20 % 이상 증가할 수 있는 차폐능력의 상실이 없어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 적층시험조건에 대한 시험방법 및 절차를 수립하고 IP-2형 운반용기의 적층조건 에 대한 구조적 건전성을 평가하는데 있다. 운반용기의 원형시험모델을 이용하여 운반용기 중량의 5배 하중으로 24시간 동안 압축하는 적층조건에 대한 시험 및 전산해석을 수행하였다. 적층시험 시 운반용기 의 모서리기둥에서의 변형률 및 변위를 측정하였으며, 측정된 변형률 및 변위는 해석결과와 서로 일치하 였다. 컨테이너 바닥부의 처짐량은 측정이 어렵기 때문에 전산해석 방법으로 구하였다. 모서리기둥의 최 대 변위와 컨테이너 바닥의 최대 처짐은 법규에서 규정하는 허용치에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 적층시험 전?후에는 운반용기의 외형치수, 차폐체 두께, 볼트토크 등을 측정하였으며, 그 값들을 비교분석한 결과 운반용기는 내용물의 유실 및 분산, 차폐체 두께의 감소가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 적층시험조건에서 IP-2형 운반용기의 구조적 건전성이 입증되었다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization, resistance exercise, and combined exercise for lumbar on balance and walking ability of elderly. This study selected 22 subjects of over 65 years old elderly women who satisfy the study condition from A, B and C Senior Citizen's Center, in Daegu. The subjects were divided into groups; 7 for resistance exercise group, 8 for stabilization exercise group, and 7 for combined exercise group(resistance and stabilization exercise). The exercises were conducted for 60min a day, three times a week for 12 weeks. Balance and walking ability were checked before the exercise, 6 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. First, all lumbar muscle strengthening exercises were effective for static balance which changed according to exercising period. In dynamic balance, the resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand. Stabilization exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand and timed up and go. There was no difference between the exercise types. Second, the resistance exercise group showed significant change in Cadence which changed according to exercising period. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. Between the exercise types, combined exercise was a bit more effective than resistance exercise. According to the result of 12 weeks of lumbar muscle exercise, combined exercise is considered to be the most effective exercise to prevent fall as it helps balance and walking ability slightly more than other exercises. Therefore, this study can understand the risk factors for fall accidents that frequently occur among elderly and adopt the combined exercise to prevent fall which in turn will prevent secondary problems occur from fall accidents and improve quality of life of elderly.

The effects of β-lapachone on gastric secretion were investigated. The pylorus of male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated and intraduodenally injected with β-lapachone, and the volume, pH, free HCl, and total acidity of gastric fluid were measured 6 hours after the operation. Treatment with β-lapachone resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion Gastric fluid was reduced to 42.9% of control level by 100 mg/kg of β-lapachone, leading to an increase of pH to 6.70 from 1.85 in the control group. In parallel with the increase of pH, at this dosage, free HCl and total acidity decreased to 16.7% and 12.0%, respectively, of control levels. β-Lapachone exhibited ED50 values of 72, 46, and 47 mg/kg for inhibition of gastric volume, free HCl, and total acidity, respectively, implying a superior efficacy on gastric acid to volume. In comparison, pantoprazole (30 mg/kg) reduced the volume, free HCl and total acidity of gastric fluid to 53.0%, 26.0%, and 25.0%, respectively, of control levels, resulting in an increase in pH to 6.36. In the current study, it was confirmed that β-lapachone at an appropriate dose (100 mg/kg) exerted a higher inhibitory effect on gastric secretion than pantoprazole (30 mg/kg), a well-known proton-pump inhibitor. Therefore, it is suggested that β-lapachone could be a candidate compound for prevention or treatment of gastric ulcers induced by diverse psychological and physical stimuli.

느타리버섯은 가장 중요한 식용버섯 중 하나이다. 느타리버섯은 Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의한 세균성 갈변병에 매우 감수성이므로, 저항성 품종을 만들기 위한 노력의 하나로 누에에서 분리된 항 세균성 단백질인 누에신을 느타리버섯에서 과발현시키고자 하였다. 누에신 cDNA는 여름 느타리버섯의 β-tubulin 프로모터에 결합되어 pTRura3-2 vector와 함께 우라실 영양요구성 돌연변이 균주에 형질전환되었다. 누에신 cDNA가 형질전환된 느타리버섯을 genomic PCR과 Southern blot을 통하여 분리할 수가 있었으며, 이들 중 3개의 형질전환체가 누에신 유전자를 발현시킴을 확인하였다. 그러나 이들 형질전환체들에서 누에신 단백질을 검출할 수 없었으며, 또한 항 세균 효과도 확인할 수 없었다. 이들 결과는 형질전환기술을 이용한 병 저항성 개발 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

『세븐우드에서』에 수록된 시들은 각기 다른 독립적인 주제를 갖고 있지만 이 시들을 다시 전체적인 맥락에서 보면 상당히 교묘하게 꾸며져 한 이야기를 구성하게 된다. 이 이야기 속에는 주인공이 그 자신의 고뇌와 문제점들로부터 해방되기를 원하며 이를 위해 태양과 달의 결혼이라는 상징으로 여겨지는 자신만의 성배를 찾아 떠나는 여정이 그려진다. 이 성배는 신비주의 연금술의 산물이다. 예이츠가 여기에 매료된 것은 물질적인 영역에서 평범한 철을 철학자의 돌을 이용하여 금이나 은으로 변하게 하듯이 영적인 영역에서 인간의 몸을 완벽한 영혼의 소유자로 재탄생 시킬 수 있다는 이 시스템의 믿음 때문 이었다. 따라서 반인 반수가 의미하는 상징은 연금술적인 함의가 내재 되어 있는 것이다. 그러나 『세븐우드에서』의 여정을 통해 시인이 끊임없이 반복하는 주제는 신비주의 연금술의 마지막 목적인 남성상과 영성상의 신비적인 결합은 이 세상에서는 이루어질 수 없다는 것이다. 그러나 우리는 그 자신만의 성배를 찾기 위한 시인의 끈질긴 노력을 통해 우리는 시인의 예술적 상상력의 쉼 없는 진화를 목도하게 되며 이것이 바로 예이츠 예술의 정수이다

This study reports on the findings of a corpus-based analysis of Korean college students' use of English conjunctive adjuncts. Unlike many previous studies that mainly focused on describing the position and semantic types of conjunctions used by learners of English, this study examines grammatical errors of conjunctive adjuncts found in a leaner corpus that consists of 102,632 words written by 399 Korean college freshman students. The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, learners tend to use sentence-initial coordinators even when the sentences before and after the coordinators are not long enough to warrant such usage. Second, sentence fragments occur much more frequently than run-on sentences with the 10 most frequent conjunctive adjuncts found in the corpus. Finally, learners often add unnecessary punctuation marks or omit necessary ones after conjunctive adjuncts, errors which sometimes make it difficult for readers to understand the text. All these errors amount to the conclusion that many Korean learners of English at the university level lack the necessary grammatical knowledge of English conjunctive adjuncts to use them correctlyin academic writing.

With comparison of maximum vertical reaction force and lower limb on drop landing between normal and flat foot group, this study is to provide fundamental data of the prevention of injury and the treatment of exercise which are frequently occurred on flat foot group's drop landing. The surface electrodes were sticked on lateral gastrocnemius muscle, medial gastrocnemius muscle, tibialis anterior and the drop landing on a force plate of 40cm was performed with a normal group who had no musculoskeletal disease and a flat foot group of 9 people who had feet examinations. Vertical reaction force were significantly statistically different between two groups(p<.001). Muscle activity of lower limbs in all three parts were not statistically different but showed high tendency on average in the flat foot group. The flat foot group had difficulties in diversification of impact burden and high muscle activity. Therefore, it was suggested that muscular strengthening of knee joints and plantar flexions of foot joints which were highly affected in impact absorption will be required.

본 연구는 두 품종의 장미 삽목묘의 묘령에 따른 생장과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 국내 육성 절 화장미의 효과적인 삽목번식법을 개발하고자 수행하였 다. 장미는 스탠다드 계통인 ‘Pink Aurora’와 스프레 이 계통인 ‘Yellow King’ 품종을 사용하였다. 삽수는 5매엽을 사용하였고 서로 다른 날짜에 암면큐브(5 cm × 5 cm× 5 cm, UR, 한국)에 삽목하였다. 2009년 1월 20일에 삽목하여 30일이 경과한 삽목묘와 2009년 1월 2일에 삽목하여 48일이 경과한 묘를 사용하여 2009년 4월 18일에 암면슬래브(10 cm × 15 cm × 100 cm, UR, 한국)에 정식하였다. 2009년 1월부터 7월까지 재배하는 동안에 2번 수확하여 절화의 품질을 조사하였다. 정식 전의 생육을 조사한 결과 48일이 경과한 묘는 두 품종 모두 신초와 뿌리가 생장하였다. 그러나 30일이 경과한 묘는 ‘Pink Aurora’의 경우 신초와 뿌리가 생장하지 않았고, ‘Yellow King’은 신초는 생장하였고 뿌리는 생장하였으나 배지에서 육안으로 확인할 수 없었다. 이러 한 결과로 ‘Yellow King’이 ‘Pink Aurora’보다 생장 속도가 빠른 것으로 판단된다. 정식 후의 생장과 절화 수량은 스탠다드 계통인 ‘Pink Aurora’는 30일 경과한 묘보다 48일이 경과한 묘에서 수량이 더 많이 나타났 지만, 평균 절화 생체중은 30일이 경과한 묘보다 작았 다. ‘Yellow King’ 품종은 30일이 경과한 묘에서 절 화장, 화폭, 5매엽수, 절화 생체중, 수량이 40일 경과 한 묘보다 더 높았다. ‘Pink Aurora’ 품종은 48일이 경과한 묘에서 다른 처리에 비해 더 좋은 생육을 보 였다. ‘Yellow King’ 품종은 뿌리의 상처가 작았던 30일 이 경과한 묘에서 더 높은 수량을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 품종에 따른 성숙도의 차이로 판단되며 다양한 품종을 대상으로 한 실험이 필요하다고 생각된다.