본 연구에서 Pemphigus populitransversus 미루나무면충(신칭)을 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 형태학적 정보, 분포지역, 기주식물, 한국에 분포하는 Pemphigus 속 종들에 대한 분류키를 제공한다.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of combining acidification with adsorbents (zeolite and biochar) to mitigate the environmental impacts of pig slurry, focusing on ammonia (NH3) emission and nitrate (NO3 -) leaching. The four treatments were applied: 1) pig slurry (PS) alone as a control, 2) acidified PS (AP), 3) acidified pig slurry with zeolite (APZ), and 4) acidified pig slurry with biochar (APB). The AP mitigates NH3 emission and NO3 - leaching compared to PS alone. Acidification reduced the cumulative NH3 emission and its emission factor by 35.9% and 12.5%, respectively. The APZ and APB increased NH4 +-N concentration, with the highest level in APB, compared to AP. The NH4 + adsorption capacity of APB (0.90 mg g-1) was higher than that of APZ (0.63 mg g-1). The APB and APZ treatments induced less NH3 emission compared to AP. The cumulative NH3 emission was reduced by 12.2% and 27.6% in APZ and APB, respectively, compared to AP treatment. NO3 - leaching began to appear on days 12 and 13, and its peak reached on days 16 and 17, which were later than AP. The cumulative NO3 - leaching decreased by 17.7% and 25.0% in APZ and APB, respectively, compared to AP treatment. These results suggest that combining biochar or zeolite with acidified pig slurry is an effective method to mitigate NH3 emission and NO3 - leaching, with biochar being particularly effective.

목적: 본 연구는 실명을 유발하는 3대 주요 안질환의 연도별 유병률 추이를 관찰하고, 이들 질환의 인지율과 치 료율 비교와 관련 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 질병관리청 국민건강영양조사 제8기(2019~2021년도) 조사에 참여한 대상자 중 만 40세 이상인 성인들을 대상으로 녹내장, 황반변성, 당뇨병성 망막병증의 유병률, 인지율과 치료율을 연도별로 비교하고 일반적 특성을 분 석하였다. 결과: 3대 주요 안질환의 연도별 추이를 보면 녹내장의 유병률은 매년 일정한 추이를 보이지만 당뇨망막병증의 유병률은 당뇨병 유병율과 함께 해마다 증가하고 있다. 연도별 인지율과 치료율은 다른 질환에 비해 녹내장이 높은 편이었으며, 황반변성의 인지율이 상당히 낮게 나타났다. 녹내장과 황반변성은 나이가 주요한 변수였으며, 황반변 성은 교육수준이 높아질수록 인지율과 치료율이 유의하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 당뇨병성 망막증의 경 우, 알코올 섭취는 인지율과 치료율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 3대 주요 안질환의 인지율과 치료율에 대한 차이를 비교할 수 있었으며, 치료율에 미치는 다양한 요인 또한 확인할 수 있었다.

This study emphasizes R&D as a management strategy for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) to achieve competitive advantage and aims to analyze the impact of innovation resistance, prior knowledge, and technological capability on the intention to adopt R&D. The research targeted 403 decision-makers from SMEs that have not adopted R&D. The analysis revealed the following key findings: As a result, both technical capabilities and prior knowledge had a negative effect on innovation resistance. In addition, technological capabilities and prior knowledge had a positive effect on adoption intention, and innovation resistance had a negative effect on acceptance intention. The indirect effects of technical capabilities and prior knowledge both had a positive impact. In addition, we tested whether dependency on partners and trading organizations that accepted R&D had a moderating effect, but it was not significant. The academic implications of this study provide a detailed analysis of how prior knowledge and technological capability affect innovation resistance in SMEs and verify the intention to adopt R&D. The practical implications suggest a direction for small and medium-sized enterprises to reduce innovation resistance in accepting R&D, and companies need to recognize the suitability of R&D and recognize the importance of technological capabilities and prior knowledge in order to reduce innovation resistance.

From 2020, Korean Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency has reset the withdrawal time (WT) for veterinary drugs typically used in livestock in preparation for the introduction of positive list system (PLS) program in 2024. This study was conducted to reset the MRL for tiamulin (TML) in broiler chickens as a part of PLS program introduction. Forty-eight healthy Ross broiler chickens were orally administered with TML at the concentration of 25 g/L (TML-1, n=24) and 50 g/L (TML-2, n=24) for 5 days through drinking water, respectively. After the drug treatment, tissue samples were collected from six broiler chickens at 1, 2, 3 and 5 days, respectively. According to the previously established analysis method, residual TML concentrations in poultry tissues were determined using LC-MS/MS. In TML-1, TML in all tissues was detected less than LOQ at 2 days after drug treatment. In TML-2, TML in liver and kidney was detected more than LOQ at 2 days after treatment. According to the European Medicines Agency’s guideline on determination of withdrawal periods, withdrawal periods of TML-1 and TML-2 in poultry tissues were established to 0 and 2 days, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated WT of TML in poultry tissues is shorter than the current WT recommendation of 5 days for TML in broiler chickens.

목적 : 눈의 피로는 작업환경에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있고, 작업환경의 만족도가 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 산 업안전보건연구원의 제6차 근로환경조사(2020년) 원시자료를 이용하여 눈의 피로를 일으킬 수 있는 유해한 작업환 경에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 제6차(2020년) 근로환경조사 자료 중 작업환경에서 눈의 피로를 느끼는지에 대해 응답한 49,974명을 대상으 로 성별, 나이, 학력 등의 일반적인 특성과 작업특징, 작업환경에 대한 만족도 등의 관계를 분석하였으며, p<0.050인 경우 유의한 값으로 판단하였다. 결과 : 고온과 저온 등의 이상온도와 화학물질 노출, 먼지나 흄의 흡입이나 유해한 가스 흡입 등과 같은 유해한 작업환경은 근로자들의 눈 피로를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, 이로 인해 근로자들의 작업환경만족도 저하를 야기 할 수 있는 요인으로 작용한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 유해한 작업환경은 근로자들의 눈 피로를 증가시키며 작업환경만족도를 저하시킬 수 있기에 눈 피로를 유발할 수 있는 다양한 유해환경에 대한 연구가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다.

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a newly emerging tick-borne disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), which belongs to the phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family. SFTSV is enveloped with a tripartite ambisense RNA genome. The L segment encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the M segment encodes the two glycoproteins, Gc and Gn, and the S segment encodes the nucleoprotein (NP) and the nonstructural protein (NSs). NP participates in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) packaging and commonly detected early after infection, suggesting that the N protein is possible to be used as a target antigen for early diagnosis of SFTSV infection. In this study, we analyzed a highly immunogenic multi-epitope using GnGc and NP genes from a consensus sequence of SFTSV strain isolated from infected patients in Korea. The selected genes are constructed to the expression vector plasmid pJHL65 and the recombinant plasmid vector was transformed into the Δasd Δlon ΔcpxR Salmonella Typhimurium attenuated strain JOL912 and the expression of these antigens was verified by immunoblotting assay. We observed the significant levels of systemic IgG and mucosal IgM responses against the JOL912-derived antigen in the immunized BALB/c mice. The level of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulation and TNF-α were also highly regulated in splenic T cells re-stimulated in vitro with NP and Gn/Gc multi-epitope selected antigens. Therefore, immunized mice with NP and Gn/GC multi-epitope recombinant proteins of attenuated Salmonella delivery system elicited T cell-related immune response, inducing an effective immune response. In conclusion, the attenuated Salmonella expressing NP-GnGc multi-epitopes could be a novel vaccine candidate against the SFTS virus.

본 연구는 19세기 후반과 20세기 초반에 한국에서 활동한 외국인 선교사들이 편찬한 5종의 영한 사전에 나타난 질병명을 분석한다. 이 근대이중어사전들의 질병명은 서구 과학 지식이 동아시아로 급속히 유입되면서 한국에서 새로운 의학 용어의 필요성 을 반영한다. 질병명의 정확한 번역은 공중 보건에 중요했으며, 당시의 의학 지식과 인식 을 반영하기 때문이었다. 본 연구는 5개 근대영한사전을 개요하고 46개의 질병어를 선택 한 기준을 기술했다. 또한, 전염병 관련 질병명이 다수를 차지하는 이유를 당시의 정부의 전염병 예방 규칙 과 관련하여 살펴보았다. 또한 1925년 사전에 새로 추가된 용어, 과거 와 현재 질병명의 공존을 조사한다. 아울러, 고유어 번역, 1925년 사전과 현대 사전 간의 번역 연속성, 현대에서 음역된 질병명 등의 분석을 통해 문화적, 사회적 맥락을 탐구한 다. 이 연구는 한중일 질병명의 역사적 변천과 상호 교류를 근대이중어사전을 통해 제시 하였다.

With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, changes in the market environment and employment environment are accelerating due to smart technological innovation, and securing professional manpower and developing human resources for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises is becoming very important. Recently, most of the domestic small and medium-sized enterprises are experiencing hiring difficulties, and the development and training of human resources to overcome this is still lacking in systemization, despite much support from the government. This reflects the reality that it is not easy to invest training costs and time to adapt new employees to small and medium-sized businesses. Based on these problems, the work-study parallel project was introduced to cultivate practical talent in small and medium-sized businesses. Work-study parallel training is carried out in the form of mentoring between corporate field teachers and learning workers in actual workplaces, and even if the training is the same, there are differences depending on the learner's attitude, learning motivation, and training achievement. Ego state is a theory that can identify personality types and has the advantage of being able to understand and acknowledge oneself and others and intentionally improve positive factors to induce optimized interpersonal relationships. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the attitudes of learning workers, who are the actual subjects for improving the performance of work-study parallel projects and establishing a stable settlement within the company, based on their ego status. Through this study, we aim to understand the impact of the personality type of learning workers on training performance and to suggest ways to improve training performance through work-study parallelism.

This study evaluated the virucidal efficacy of a chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas-generating fumigation disinfectant consisting of sodium chlorate solution (25% sodium chlorate) and reaction solution against avian influenza virus (AIV). After AIV suspensions had been deposited on stainless steel carriers, the 9 dried carriers were exposed to the fumigant (sodium chlorate solution: 8.5, 17, 34, 50, and 100 mL) in a 25-m³ test room for 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. Thereafter, all carriers were submerged in a neutralizing solution (20% fetal bovine serum) to scrape off the surviving viruses, and the respective suspensions were diluted. Each diluent was inoculated into the allantoic membrane of five 10-day-old embryos. After incubation for 5 days at 37℃, AIV viability in the collected allantoic fluids was examined, and the egg infectious dose 50 (EID50) was calculated. When the carrier was exposed to ClO2 gas generated from reacting 34 mL of the fumigant for 3 h, the AIV titer reduced by more than 104.0 EID50/carrier compared to the control, which was exposed to the fumigant without inoculation of AIV suspension. In addition, the control was non-toxic to the embryos.

Obesity occurs when the body consumes more energy than it requires and uses less energy, resulting in the accumulation of fat, which increases the number and size of fat cells in the body. It causes high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and joint crowding, making it difficult to fully treat. We investigated the effects of chito oligosaccharide(CHO) functional material, which suppresses fat accumulation, restores dyslipidemia values, and has no side effects.In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of CHO on obese mice fed a high-fat diet. The experimental groups were divided into 5 groups (n=10) of C57BL/6 mice: normal control (N), control group (C), and chito oligosaccharide low concentration (L), medium concentration (M), and high concentration (H) groups. We tested whether CHO has an effect on obesity through body weight and adipose tissue weighing, serum lipid testing, and histological examination. Experimental analysis showed that CHO reduced body weight and adipose tissue weight, improved the concentrations of TCHO, TG, HDL, and LDL, which are factors for dyslipidemia diagnosis, and decreased the diameter size of adipose tissue. These results suggest that CHO alleviates the levels of fat growth inhibition and dyslipidemia levels in obese-induced mice, and has a positive effect on obesity.

Mathematically modeling photosynthesis helps to interpret gas exchange in a plant and estimate the photosynthetic rate as affected by environmental factors. Notably, the photosynthetic rate varies among leaf vertical positions within a single plant. The objective of this study was to measure the distinct photosynthetic rate of lily (Lilium Oriental Hybrid ‘Casa Blanca’) at the upper, medium, and basal leaf positions. Subsequently, the FvCB (Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry) photosynthesis model was employed to determine the parameters of the model and compared it with a rectangular hyperbola photosynthesis model. The photosynthetic rates were measured at different intracellular CO2 concentrations () and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels. SPAD values significantly decreased with lowered leaf position. The photosynthetic rates at the medium and basal leaves were lower compared with the upper leaves. FvCB model parameters,  and   , showed no significant difference between the medium and basal leaves. Estimated photosynthetic rates from derived parameters by the FvCB model demonstrated over 0.86 of R2 compared with measured data. The rectangular hyperbola model tended to overestimate or underestimate photosynthetic rates at high  with high PPFD levels or low  with high PPFD levels, respectively, at each leaf position. These results indicated that the parameters of the FvCB model with different leaf positions can be used to estimate the photosynthetic rate of lily.

Salinity stress is a major threat to plant growth and development, affecting crop yield and quality. This study investigated the effects of different salinity levels on photosynthetic responses and bulb growth of Lilium LA hybrid “‘Serrada’.” Plants were irrigated with 1 L of 0, 200, and 400 mM NaCl solutions every two weeks for 14 weeks in a greenhouse. At the end of the cultivation period, the substrate pH decreased, and electrical conductivity increased with increasing salinity. Regardless of salinity levels, the days to flowering and number of flowers were similar among treatments. In contrast, the flower width, plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Although there were no differences in the photosystem II (PSII) operating efficiency and maximum quantum yield of PSII, net CO2 assimilation rates (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) were significantly reduced at 200 and 400 mM NaCl solutions compared to the control. At 400 mM NaCl solution, bulb diameter and weight significantly decreased at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that bulb growth inhibition could be attributed to limiting photosynthetic rate and stem growth. This finding suggests that salinity mitigation is necessary to maintain plant growth and photosynthetic capacity in lily cultivation on salt-affected soils.

This paper aims to investigate how and to what extent ‘critical’ global citizenship is reflected in middle school English textbooks in Korea. Framed within Freire’s concept of critical literacy, the study is concerned with analyzing the written texts in two English textbooks, with a focus on the issue of representations. Using critical content analysis, the research centers on unpacking how race, racism, or racialization, especially in the United States, is represented, and to what extent these representations may be associated with global citizenship education in English language learning. The major findings indicate a notable absence of sufficient sociohistorical and cultural contexts of race in the United States as presented in the concerned English textbooks. Based on the analysis, this paper calls for an expansion of the dimensions of critical global citizenship in English language learning settings, aiming to provide students with broader opportunities to question colonial discourse and challenge issues related to power and systemic oppression.

We examine a single machine scheduling problem with step-improving jobs in which job processing times decrease step-wisely over time according to their starting times. The objective is to minimize total completion time which is defined as the sum of completion times of jobs. The total completion time is frequently considered as an objective because it is highly related to the total time spent by jobs in the system as well as work-in-progress. Many applications of this problem can be observed in the real world such as data gathering networks, system upgrades or technological shock, and production lines operated with part-time workers in each shift. Our goal is to develop a scheduling algorithm that can provide an optimal solution. For this, we present an efficient branch and bound algorithm with an assignment-based node design and tight lower bounds that can prune branch and bound nodes at early stages and accordingly reduce the computation time. In numerical experiments well designed to consider various scenarios, it is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing method and can solve practical problems within reasonable computation time.

Caprine cryptosporidiosis mainly occurs in young goats, with morbidity rates of 80%–100% and mortality over 50% in goat kids. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of Cryptosporidium parvum, a diarrhea-causing pathogen, on the intestinal microbiota of goat kids. In this study, 16S rRNA-based metataxonomic analysis was performed to compare the microbial diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota between C. parvum-infected and uninfected goat kids. In total, 12 goat fecal samples were collected, including seven naturally C. parvum-infected and five uninfected goats from Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. After amplification of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA, high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results showed differences in the microbial composition between C. parvum-infected and uninfected groups based on beta diversity. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in both groups. However, no significant difference was observed in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio between the two groups. Compared with the uninfected group, the C. parvum-infected group showed significantly higher abundances of Tyzzerella nexillis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Negativicoccus massiliensis, and significantly reduced abundances of Aerococcus vaginalis, Faecalicoccus pleomorphus, Oribacterium parvum, and Coprococcus comes. These findings indicate that C. parvum infection, which is associated with diarrhea in neonatal goats, induces alterations in the caprine gut microbiota.

This study aimed to reconfirm the sex change scale and pattern of Tegillarca granosa. Although the sex ratio (female : male, female proportion) of T. granosa was 1:2.32 (30.2%) at the initial stage (2011) of the study, it was 1:0.94 (51.5%) after one year (2012) in the same population. The increase of the female proportion was greater in the 2+ year class (23.0%) when compared to the 1+ year class (19.2%). Overall, sex change ratio of 37.6% was observed in this population of T. granosa. The sex change ratio of the 2+ year class (39.3%) was higher than that of the 1+ year class (35.3%). And sex change ratio in the males (42.2%) was higher than that in the females (26.9%). The female proportion was the opposite of the result from 2006~2007, and one of the causes was presumed to be the difference in cumulative water temperature during the gonadal inactive stage (winter).

Fluorescent bacteria were isolated from sporocarps that browned into various mushrooms during survey at places of the production in Korea. We examined the pathogenicity, biodiversity, and genetic characteristics of the 19 strains identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and White Line Assay. The results emphasize the importance of rpoB gene system, fatty acid profiles, specific and sensitive PCR assays, and lipopeptide detection for the identification of P. tolaasii. As a result of these various analyses, 17 strains (CHM03~CHM19) were identified as P. tolaasii. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that all strains were clustered closest to P. tolaasii lineage, two strains (CHM01, CHM02) were not identified as P. tolaasii and have completely different genetic characteristics as a result of fatty acids profile, specific and sensitive PCR, lipopetide detection, rpoB sequence and REP-PCR analysis. Pathogenicity tests showed 17 strains produce severe brown discolouration symptoms to button mushrooms and watersoaking of sporophore tissue within three days after inoculation. But two strains did not produce discolouration symptoms. Therefore, these two strains will be further investigated for correct species identification by different biological and molecular characteristics.

최근 국가뿐만 아니라 도시에서도 자발적 지역 검토(Voluntary Local Review, 이하 VLR)를 실시하고 이를 토대로 보고서를 발표하는 지방자치단체가 늘고 있다. 도시 수준의 SDGs 조치는 새로운 도시 의제, 기후 변화에 대한 파리 협정, 센다이 재해 감소 프레임워크, 생물다양성에 대한 아이치 목표와 같은 다른 국제적 약속과 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 이 논문은 지방정부의 VLR 방향을 제언하는 것을 목적으로 세계 여러 도시의 2030 의제 실행 보고의 구체적인 프로세스에 대해 논의한다. VLR 프로세스는 지자체와 지역 사회 문제를 해결하기 위한 맞춤형 접근 방식, 지역 기술을 강화하기 위한 역량 강화, 하위 국가 수준의 데이터 환경 개발, 학계, 민간 부문 또는 지역 사회와 같은 정부 및 비정부 이해관계자의 다양한 영역과의 오래 지속되는 파트너십 구축이 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 VLR의 분석을 통해 식별된 VLR 프로 세스의 각 단계 내 주요 구성 요소에 대해 논의한다. 본 연구는 VLR 개발 프로세스의 여러 단계를 개략적 으로 설명하고 지침에서 각 단계의 주요 구성 요소에 대해 살펴보고 이것이 가진 의미를 검토한다.