우리나라에서 흰등멸구는 매년 해외로부터 비래, 정착한 후 2~3세대를 경과하며 벼의 생육 및 품질 저하에 영향을 미치는 벼의 중요 해충 중 하나이며, 비래해충의 경우 비래 후 세대에 따른 변화 양상을 정확하게 예측하는 것은 방제시기와 방제수단을 결정하는데 중요하다. 공시충은 2018년 사육실에서(25±2 ℃, 60±5% RH, L:D=16:8) 누대사육하여 사용하였다. 흰등멸구가 국내에 비래 후 3세대까지 세대증식하면서 피해를 주는 것으로 가정하여 1세대와 3세대 간의 발육과 산란 등을 조사하였으며 얻어진 결과를 토대로 생명표를 작성하였다. 약충기간은 1세대와 3세대에서 각각 14.5일, 13.6일, 암컷 성충기간은 각각 17.2일, 11.8일로 나타났으며, 우화율은 98.3%, 85.0%로 조사되었 다. 산란기간은 각각 6.8일, 6.0일이었으며 산란수는 47.5마리, 122.6마리로 세대가 늘어나면서 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 생명표 분석 결과, 순증가율, 내적자연증가율이 각각 5배, 1.7배 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

개미 사육 및 관찰을 위한 사용되는 투명 젤리형 개미사육장은 간편한 활용성으로 아동의 자연관찰 학습용 교구로 꾸준히 애용되고 있다. 하지만 투명 젤리는 다량의 수분 함유 문제뿐만 아니라 부패방지를 위해 단백질을 포함하고 있지 않기에 사육 시 단백질을 필요로 하는 산란용 여왕개미나 애벌레의 사육이 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 산란용 여왕개미와 애벌레의 사육이 가능한 단백질 함유 곤충 젤리를 만드는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 단백질 공급원으로는 우유를, 부패 방지제로는 천연물 기반 키토산을 사용하였으며, 기능이 첨가된 사육용 젤리의 항균성은 곤충 대량폐사 질병인 물렁병의 원인균주(Serratia marcescens)로 테스트(in vitro)하였다. 실험군인 곤충사육용 젤리는 박토아가(1.5%,w/v)가 함유된 키토산수용액(1%,w/v)에 1:1 용량비율로 우유를 섞어 제조하며, 대조군은 키토산수용액을 제외하였다. 제조 배지는 Serratia marcescens를 도말 배양하여 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 3배 희석한 균주(4.8×106CFU/ml)를 접종 후 2일간 배양한 그룹에서 대조군(키토산 없음)은 균이 많이(TNTC) 자랐으나, 실험군(키토산 있음)은 전혀 자라지 않았다. 따라서 위 실험은 키토산을 첨가하는 간단한 방법으로도 유해균의 생장 억제와 유충의 성장 촉진이 동시에 가능한 기능성 단백질 곤충젤리의 제조 가능성을 확인하였다.

OLED Display fabrication system is one of the most complicated discrete processing systems in the world. As the glass size grows from 550×650mm to 1,500×1,850mm in recent years, the efficiency of Automated Material Handling System (AMHS) has become very important and OLED glass manufacturers are trying to improve the overall efficiency of AMHS. Aiming to meet the demand for high efficiency of transportation, various kind of approaches have been applied for improving dispatching rules and facility layout, while simultaneously considering the system parameters such as glass cassettes due date, waiting time, and stocker buffer status. However, these works did not suggest the operational policy and conditions of distribution systems, especially for handling unnecessary material flows such as detour. Based on this motivation, in this paper, we proposed an efficient algorithm for improving detour transportation in OLED FAB. Specifically, we considered an OLED FAB simplifying OLED production environment in a Korean company, where four stockers are constructed for the delivery of Lot in a bay and linked to processing equipments. We developed a simulation model using Automod and performed a numerical experiment using real operational data to test the performance of three operation policies under considerations. We showed that a competitive policy for assigning alternative stocker in case of detour was superior to the current dedicated policy using a specified stocker and other considered policies.

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the degradability and digestibility of crude protein (CP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and individual amino acids (AA) on six by-product feedstuffs (BPF) (rice bran, RB; wheat bran, WB; corn gluten feed, CGF; tofu residue, TR; spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus, SMSP; brewers grain, BG) as ruminants feed. Three Hanwoo steers (40 months old, 520 ± 20.20 kg of body weight) fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and T-shaped duodenal cannula were used to examine of the BPF using in situ nylon bag and mobile bag technique. The bran CGF (19.2%) and food-processing residue BG (19.7%) had the highest CP contents than other feeds. The RUP value of bran RB (39.7%) and food-processing residues SMSP (81.1%) were higher than other feeds. The intestinal digestion of CP was higher in bran RB (44.2%) and food-processing residues BG (40.5%) than other feeds. In addition, intestinal digestion of Met was higher in bran RB (55.7%) and food-processing residues BG (44.0%) than other feeds. Overall, these results suggest that RB and BG might be useful as main raw ingredients in feed for ruminants. Our results can be used as baseline data for ruminant ration formulation.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique on the pulmonary function of smokers. Subjects were individuals who had a smoking habit of at least a year. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: the incentive spirometry group (n=8), Ujjayi breathing technique (n=9), and a group applying both incentive spirometry as well as Ujjayi breathing technique (n=8). Each intervention was performed twice a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 8 weeks whereupon the change in pulmonary function was evaluated. A spirometer was used to measure FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC. The survey used for this study included the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ). Study results for the comparison within groups showed that in the group that performed both the incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique, FEV1 improved with statistical significance (p<.05). Furthermore, within this comparison the FEV1/FVC improved with statistical significance. Comparison amongst the groups showed no statistically significant differences in all areas. Following, to effectively increase pulmonary function in young adult smokers, both incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique should be employed together.

Pilomatricoma is the second most common benign dermal-subcutaneous tumor of the head and neck region, after epidermoid cyst, originating from the outer sheath cells of the hair follicle. It can be easily treated with surgical excision. However, it is a relatively unknown skin lesion to maxillofacial surgeons. Therefore, we report a case of pilomatricoma occuring inferolateral area of the parotid gland in a 54-year-old man; with a review of the relevant literature.

In this study, we investigated the effects of different pre-treatment conditions such as blanching and drying process to improve its quality. Bracken samples were treated by drying (70°C for 40 min), blanching (100°C for 2 min) or mixed (blanched and dried [BD]), respectively. These treated samples were analyzed for their physicochemical properties such as pH, color and microbial growth. The pH of bracken increased from 6.6 to above 6.9 through all treatment. From color observation, the L* and b* values increased after drying process, whereas, the a* values decreased. Water contents of bracken decreased by about 80% from 93% through drying process. After samples treated by pre-treatments, hardness increased, especially after drying process. For the microbial study, raw bracken had 5.6 log CFU/g of aerobic bacteria and 2.8 log CFU/g of total coliform. Blanched and BD samples had about 2 log CFU/g of aerobic bacteria and 1.8 log CFU/g of total coliform, acceptable for food. From our results, it is concluded that the properties of blanched samples had similar to raw samples to guarantee for microbial safety. From the obtained results, the blanching process without drying process is necessary to apply freezing process as pretreatments.

Even though plant protections using chemical pesticides have several advantages, non-specific toxicities to other beneficial insects and humans and rapid development of tolerance and/or resistance of target pests to chemicals are major disadvantages. Recent researches suggested that using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be species specific and environmental friendly pest management protocols. However, efficiency of dsRNA treatments are known to be variable according to its application methods. For example, injections of dsRNAs to pests were known to be effective in all species. However, efficiencies of oral application of dsRNAs were known to be dependent on species. Thus, development of tools that could enhance the efficacy of orally treated dsRNAs are utmost important for widening usages of dsRNAs in plant protection. Recently, we found that the efficacy of oral treated dsRNAs to target pests could be enhanced by nano-technologies. I will show how applying nano-technology to dsRNAs enhance the efficiency of dsRNAs. (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Studies for biological characteristics of and control methods against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, Project No: PJ011630042016), Rural Development Administration).

Mucormycosis generally presents as an acute infection manifesting in rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, or disseminated forms. Fungal invasion to the arteries can reduce blood supply by thrombi formation inside the blood vessels, leading to necrosis. Fungal infection usually initiates in the upper turbinate, paranasal sinus, or less commonly in the palate or pharynx. Here we report an unusual case of mucormycosis in the maxilla of a 75-year-old man and present a review of the literature.

In this study, we propose an efficient two-phase heuristic policy, called an acceptance tolerance control policy, for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud services that considers both the service provider and customer in terms of profit and satisfaction, respectively. Each time an IaaS cloud service is requested, this policy determines whether the service is accepted or rejected by calculating the potential for realizing the two performance objectives. Moreover, it uses acceptance tolerance to identify the possibility for error with the chosen decision while compensating for both future fluctuations in customer demand and error possibilities based on past decisions. We conducted a numerical experiment to verify the performance of the proposed policy using several actual IaaS cloud service specifications and comparing it with other heuristics.

Cambodia covers an area of 181,035 sq km, among them, forests cover 53 percent, so there are abundant Insect diversities. Collecting expeditions of Insect were conducted from towns of Osam (first base camp, N 12° 04' 51.7" E 103° 12' 30.5" alt. : 549m) and Roveang (second base camp N 12° 19' 06.5" E 103° 3' 03.8" alt. : 53m) in Pursat Province, western part of Cambodia. As protected forest from government, these areas were almost natural conservation field. Pitfall trap, sweeping method, light trap and searching etc. were used to collect insect. Specially in this expedition, large or big sized beetles, more than 5cm body length, for example, Lucanidae, Cerambycidae, Elateridae etc., mostly collected from light trap in deep forest. Materials are expected more than 100 species belonging to 20 families but it was difficult to identification because of lack of references of this areas. Maybe lots of new or new recorded species will found from Cambodia. Among Coleoptera species, with big sized beetles as the central figure, photos for species of dominant, rare, nominated species of new or new recorded were introduced, and also collecting sites and activities were presented.

The Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) was widely distributed throughout Korea. This insect was mainly found in the vicinity of and in cattle sheds, manure sheds, living waste dump grounds, and food waste dump grounds. This fly is a kind of a beneficial fly because BSF adults do not go into houses, they do not regurgitate on human food, they do not bite, bother or pester humans in any way and they are not associated in any way with the transmission of disease. But their greatest attribute lies their ability to eat and digest raw waste. They can devour, for example, a large, raw, Irish potato and others in just a few hours. Unlike many other flies, since the BSF larvae have very powerful mouth parts and digestive enzymes, they can ingest raw waste far more efficiently than any other known species of fly. On this study, to investigate whether feeding strategy of the BSF larvae involves extra-oral digestion or not, and to better understand this process, the salivary glands and a few tissue from the BSF were dissected and subjected to morphological and preliminary enzyme characterization.

Varroa destructor is an ecto-parasite mite and worldwide pest of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. The pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate (Apistan), an acaricide that is tolerated by honey bees, has been used for varroa mite control since the mid 1980s. Even though various resistances to tau-fluvalinate in varroa mites have been reported from Europe, Israel, and USA, the nature of tau-fluvalinate resistance in varroa mites in Korea has never been investigated. To investigate and understand tau-fluvalinate resistance in varroa mites in Korea, we conducted bioassay in several apiaries located different regions in Korea. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of tau-fluvalinate resistances in varroa mites, partial genomic DNA fragments of a voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene from varroa mites were cloned and sequenced, since tau-fluvalinate is known to act on the sodium channels directly. Two novel mutations in sodium channels of varroa mites were present in eight apiaries. Two mutations might be a geographical polymorphism of sodium channel of varroa mites in Korea.