The present study was conducted to find a way to recycle the coir substrate by investigating changes in its physical and chemical properties based on the number of use year. Specific gravity of unused coir substrate was 0.212 g/cm3 , while it was higher for the substrate used for 2 years. Porosity was different depending on the number of use year. The porosity of unused substrate was 51.9%, but it increased to 68.6% after used for 2 years. In general, physical and chemical properties were better in the coir substrate used for 2 years than in unused one. The number of leaves, leaf area, flesh weight and dry weight of oriental cabbage and lettuce were higher in coir substrate used for 2 years than those in unused one. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between the substrates used for one year and 2 years, indicating that the one time-used wast substrate could be recycled for cultivating vegetables. Growth of the vegetables was improved when organic fertilizer composed of complex organics with different mixing ratios was provided to the coir substrate, compared to untreated plot. The optimum mixing ratio of the wast substrate and complex organics was 2:8(v/v) for fertilization using wast coir substrate. Therefore, coir substrate generally wasted after being used for one time was reuseable by supplying organic fertilizer.

The present study was conducted to development mass production methods for peanut sprouts that is considered as a field of blue ocean among the agricultural products. 'Jopyeong' was the best as a major cultivar for peanut sprouts production. The manual for the production of high-quality peanut sprouts is as following. Germination temperature appropriate for production of high-quality peanut sprouts was 27℃. Peanut sprouts at the growth stage of 8th day, and older plants with advanced growth showed deteriorated merchantable and eating quality. Resveratrol compound was not found in the seeds, but its highest amount was detected from 9-day old sprouts. The best water temperature applicable to high quality peanut sprout production was 25℃. The growth of peanut sprout was inhibited by the high temperatures above 35℃ and low temperatures below 15℃.

The present study was conducted to develop seed treatment for the production of healthy and clean peanut sprout. Dry heat treatment of peanut seeds reduced the incidence of the rot. The seed treatment condition at 52℃ for 10 h. was the most efficient without inhibiting seed viability significantly. Seeds were dark cultured at 27℃ for up to 9 days. The treatment of Indole-B and gibberellic acid influenced germination, T50, fresh, dry weight, hypocotyl length, hypocotyl length diameter, root length, number of lateral root and epicotyl of peanut sprout. There were no differences in the germinability of peanut seeds between gibberellic acid treatment methods but higher fresh weight was observed in the GA3 solution spray after 2 hour water soaking. The general growth and lateral root development of peanut sprouts were suppressed by Indole-B which is used for inhibiting root formation and promoting hypocotyls. The treatment of gibberellic acid promoted hypocotyl elongation, but it did not influence on the growth of hypocotyls and root system.

This study has been carried out to present the valuation system of soil carbon sequestration potentials of soil in accordance with the new climate change scenarios(RCP). For that, by analyzing variation of soil carbon of the each type of agricultural land use, it aims to develop technology to increase the amount of carbon emissions and sequestration. Among the factors which affects the estimation of determining the soil carbon model and influence power after the measurement on soil organic carbon, under the center of a causal relationship between the explanatory variables this study were investigated. Chemical fertilizers (NPK) decreased with increasing the amount of soil organic carbon and as with the first experimental results, when cultivating rice than pepper, the fact that soil organic carbon content increased has been found out. The higher the carbon dioxide concentration, the higher the amount of organic carbon in the soil and this result is reliable under a 10% significance level. On the other hand, soil organic carbon, humus carbon and hot water extractable carbon has been found out that was not affected the soils depth, sames as the result of the first year. The higher concentration of carbon dioxide, the higher carbon content of humus and hot water extractable carbon content. According to IPCC 2006 Guidelines and the new climate change scenario RCP 4.5 and the measurement results of the total amount of soil organic carbon to the crops due to abnormal climate weather, 1% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was found to be small when compared to the growing rate of increasing 0.01058% of organic carbon in the soil.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of LED light quality and supplemental LED light on growth and flowering for potted flowering plant of Kalanchoe. 1. Plant height of Kalanchoe was enhanced under Red, regardless of treatment time. 2. Root length and stem diameter of Kalanchoe were enhanced by Red+Blue. 3. The number of internodes was not influenced by LED light quality. Length of flower stalk of Kalanchoe increased under Red+Blue, but treatment time did not result in statistically significant differences. 4. Leaf area was not influenced by LED light quality in Kalanchoe. 5. The number of flower buds and open flowers was decreased by LED light treatment, but days to flowering was reduced by Red+Blue for 4 hr after sunset in Kalanchoe. 6. Chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was not significantly affected by LED light treatment, but anthocyanin content tended to increase by Blue 4 hr after sunset. 7. Fresh and dry weight did not increased by LED light treatment in Kalanchoe.

Growth and physiological disorders caused by abnormally low temperatures were evaluated in pepper, an important field crop in Korea. In addition, the effects of chemical treatment using glutamine was verified on minimizing the damages by low temperature. The growth of pepper plants in stem length and diameter was suppressed as the temperature decreased from 25℃, and the suppression level was the highest for plants grown for 90 days at 20℃. However, root growth was not affected by the different temperatures. The number of leaf and leaf area decreased at the temperatures below 25C, an optimum temperature for growth. Fresh weight and dry weight decreased for plants grown at 20℃. Pepper fruit yield also decreased by 11% at 20℃ in comparison to 25℃. Falling blossom rate was different depending on the growth temperature, and the rate was 27.2% at 25℃, 35.2% at 22.5℃, and 41.0% at 20℃, indicating that falling blossom rate increased as temperature decreased. Different growth temperatures did not affected on the level of symptom of calcium deficiency and Phytopathora blight. Falling blossom was severe at abnormally low temperature of 20℃, but the treatment of glutamine reduced falling blossom rate and increased the yield by 7.0% as compared to control. The optimum concentration of glutamine treatment was 10 mg/L for yields.

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) × 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid 5℃ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was 5℃, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in GA3 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM Ca(NO3)2 at 20℃ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

The purpose of this article is analyzing the economic impacts of abnormal climate on total revenue of red pepper in Korea, with employing the equilibrium displacement model. Our simulation results show the rate of yield change, price change, and total revenue change according to the climate change scenarios. In th case of by RCP 8.5 Scenario, red pepper production volume would be expected to decrease by 77.2% compared to 2012 while price increasing by 29.6%. As a result, total revenue to be returned to farmers would be reduced by 47.6% than it was in 2012. In contrast, total revenue would be expected to decline by 29.6% according to RCP 4.5 scenario.

The purpose of this article is analyzing the economic impacts of abnormal climate on fall chinese cabbage farmers and consumers in Korea, with employing the equilibrium displacement model. Our results show that there were little difference in gross farm income, even though there were significant yield reductions due to abnormal climate changes. However periodic occurrences of abnormal climates caused serious damage to consumption levels which had declined by 10.6~17.1 percent with higher prices by 15.3~24.6 percent than normal climate years since 1990.

So far, most studies associated with soil carbon sequestration have been focused on long term aspect. However, information regarding soil carbon sequestration in short term aspect is limited. This study was conducted to determine changes of soil organic carbon content and stability of carbon in response to compost application rate and tillage management during rice growing season(150 days) in short term aspect. Under pot experiment condition, compost was mixed with an arable soil at rates corresponding to 0, 6, 12, and 24 Mg/ha. To determine effect of tillage on soil carbon sequestration, till and no-till treatments were set up in soils amended with application rate of 12 Mg/ha. Compost application and tillage management did not significantly affect soil organic carbon(SOC) content in soil at harvest time. Bulk density of soil was not changed significantly with compost application and tillage management. These might result from short duration of experiment. While hot water extractable organic carbon(HWEOC) content decreased with compost application, humic substances(HS) increased. Below ground biomass of rice increased with application of compost and till operation. From the above results, continuos application of compost and reduce tillage might improve increase in soil organic carbon content and stability of carbon in long term aspect.

Due to climate change, the occurrence of abnormal weather conditions has become more frequent, causing damage to vegetable crops grown in Korea. Hot pepper, Chinese cabbage and radish, the three most popular vegetables in Korea, are produced more in the field than in the greenhouse. It has been a trend that the time for field transplanting of seedlings is getting earlier and earlier as the spring temperatures keep rising. Seedlings transplanted too early in the spring take a longer time to resume the normal growth, because they are exposed to suboptimal temperature conditions. This study examined the influence of air temperature during seedling growth on the time required to reach the first fruit maturity and yield of hot pepper. Seedling plants of ‘Super Manita’ hot pepper was grown in temperatures 2.5℃ and 5.0℃ lower than the optimum temperature (determined by the average of temperatures for the past 5 years). Seedlings were transplanted into round plastic containers (30-cm diam., 45-cm height) and were placed in growth chambers in which the ambient temperature was controlled under natural sunlight. The growth of seedlings under lowered temperatures was reduced compared to the control. The mineral (K, Mg, P, N) concentrations in the leaf tissues were higher when plants were grown with the ambient temperature 2.5℃ lower than the optimum, regardless of changes in other growth parameters. Tissue calcium (Ca) concentration was the highest in the plants grown with optimum temperature. The carbohydrate to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which was the highest (18.3) in the plants grown with optimum temperature, decreased concomitantly as the ambient temperature was lowered 2.5℃ and 5.0℃. The yield of the early harvested fruits was also reduced as the ambient temperature became lower. The first fruit harvest date for the plants grown with optimum temperature (June 27) was 13 days and 40 days, respectively, earlier than that in plants grown with 2.5℃ (July 10) and 5.0℃ (Aug 6) lower ambient temperatures. The fruit yield per plant for the optimum temperature (724 g) was the greatest compared to those grown with 2.5℃ (446 g) and 5.0℃ (236 g) lower temperatures. The result of this study suggests that the growers should be cautioned not to transplant their hot pepper seedlings too early into the field, since it may delay the time of first harvest eventually reducing total fruit yield.

To evaluate peanut sprouts as a functional food material, the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of soybean yoghurt with different percentages (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%) of peanut sprout powder (PSP) contents were investigated. The pH of soybean yogurt with PSP decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner during fermentation, whereas the titratable acidity increased under the same conditions. The Hunter L value (lightness) decreased while the b value (yellowness) and a value (redness) increased as the PSP concentration in soybean yogurt increased. Prior to fermentation, the sugar content of the soybean yogurt increased as the PSP level increased, but the contents decreased as fermentation progressed. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the soybean yogurt increased during fermentation, and the lactic acid bacteria population was higher than that of the control. The sensory properties, including the flavor, color, taste, and overall acceptability, of the soybean yogurt containing 0.5 and 1% PSP, respectively, were higher than those of other tested yoghurts (with 0, 2.0, and 3.0% PSP contents). The antioxidant activity of the soybean yogurt significantly increased at the PSP concentrations of over 1.0%. These results suggest that the addition of PSP has beneficial effects on the quality and functionality of soybean yogurt, and that the addition of 1.0% PSP is the most suitable for manufacturing soybean yogurt.

The purpose of this article is analyzing the impacts of climate change on winter chinese cabbage yield in Korea, with employing a panel data regression model. Our results show that there is a negative impacts of high temperature and precipitation amount on winter chinese cabbage yields. Especially high temperature and rainfall in September cause serious damage to winter chinese cabbage yield. According to the reduction schedule on greenhouse gas emission(RCP 4.5 scenario.), winter chinese cabbage yield would be 7.7% lower than it is, for reasons of high temperature and rainfall damages by the end of 21st century.

The purpose of this article is analyzing the impacts of climate change on red pepper yield in Korea, with employing a panel data regression model. Our results show that there is a negative impacts of high temperature and precipitation amount on red pepper yields. Especially high temperature and rainfall in July cause serious damage to red pepper yield. According to the reduction schedule on greenhouse gas emission(RCP 8.5 scenario.), red pepper yield would be 25.4% lower than it is, for reasons of high temperature and rainfall damages by the end of 21st century.

본 연구는 원예치료프로그램이 시설에 거주하는 치매노인의 일상생활수행능력과 손기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 2008년 3월 13일부터 5월 24일까지 3개월간 실험군을 대상으로 원예치료프로그램을 회당 2시간씩 주 2회, 총 22회 실시하였다. 원예치료프로그램은 치매노인의 일상생활수행능력과 손기능 향상을 위해 친근하고 쉬우며 다양한 손동작을 필요로 하는 작업으로 구성하였다. 일상생활수행능력 경우 대조군은 원예치료 실시 전 14.7점에서 실시 후 13.7점으로 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다(p=0.294).실험군은 실시 전 14.1점에서 실시 후 15.7점으로 1.6점 높아졌으며 p=0.05 수준에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 악력은 대조군의 경우 원예치료실시 전 5.75kg에서 실시 후 5.43kg으로 감소하였으나 유의차는 없었다(p=0.657).실험군의 경우 실시 전 4.83kg에서 실시 후 8.38kg으로 고도로 유의하게 (p<0.01)증가하였다. 손가락 근력은 대조군의 경우 원예치료실시 전 4.01kg에서 실시 후 4.11kg으로 0.1kg 증가하였으니 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.811).실험군은 원예치료 실시 전 4.83kg에서 실시 후 8.38kg으로 3.55kg 증가하였으며 고도로 유의한 차이(p<0.01)를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 치매노인에게 친숙하고 쉬우며 손기능에 적절한 원예치료의 적용은 시설에 거주하는 치매노인의 일상생활수행능력의 향상뿐만 아니라 손기능의 유지와 강화에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

A pilot-scale pulse-jet bagfilter was designed, built and tested for the effects of four operating conditions (filtration velocity, inlet dust concentration, pulse pressure, and pulse interval time) on the total system pressure drop, using coke dust from a steel mill factory. Two models were used to predict the total pressure drop according to the operating conditions. These model parameters were estimated from the 180 experimental data points. The empirical model (EM) with filtration velocity, areal density, inlet dust concentration, pulse interval time and pulse pressure shows the best correlation coefficient (R=0.971) between experimental data and model predictions. The empirical model was used as it showed higher correlation coefficient (R=0.971) compared to that of the Multivariate linear regression(MLR) (R=0.961). The minimum pulse pressure predicted by empirical model (EM) was 5kg/㎠.

땅콩나물을 기능성 식품 소재로 사용하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 발아율, 레스베라트롤 함량 및 영양성분을 분석하였다. 원산지별 땅콩 종자의 발아율은 다른 원산지 땅콩 보다 경북산 땅콩의 발아율이 가장 높았다. 레스베라트롤 함량은 땅콩보다 땅콩나물이 높았으며, 특히 경북산 땅콩나물에서 그 함량이 으로 가장 높았다. 한편 경북산 땅콩나물의 부위(잎, 뿌리 및 줄기)별 레스베라트롤 함량을 측정한 결과 잎에서 그 함량이 으로 가장 높았고, 다