To facilitate an active breeding strategy for rice quality improvement, mutation were induced by treating rice variety Sindongjin seeds with gamma ray(300 Gray) and its fertilized eggs with MNU(1mM). Endosperm and grain shape of mutants were classified and selected in M2 population. From M2 generation, 48(7.6%) endosperm mutants and 179(11.9%) grain shape mutants were selected. White belly and White core were the most frequent. Selected grain mutants were classified into 16 types according to their morphological phenotypes. The overall segregation ratio was 3 : 1, controlled by one gene. Specially, SM-17 and SM-20 displayed segregation ratio of 9 : 7 and 1 : 15 respectively. Grain mutants showed generally earlier heading dates, shorter culm length and ear length than the parent. Grain length, grain width, and 1,000 grain weight were also mostly shorter and lower than the parent. In SEM analysis, each mutant type showed unique starch particle size and starch accumulation pattern. The density of polygonal cells and small inner corpuscles depending on amylose content decreased as following order - Waxy>Dull>Parent >White core. In SDS-PAGE analysis, SM-22 of Opaque group and SM-34 of Giant embryo group showed high glutelin polypeptide concentration. SM-23 of Floury group, SM-26 of Shrunken group, and SM-31 of Sugary group showed low concentration of total protein with variations in bands over 55kDa.

Crop characteristics of 136 foxtail millet (Setaria italica BEAUVOIS) resources collected in South Korea were investigated in order to establish basic informations for breeding. Spike types of 136 genetic resources were classified as 5 types (conical, clavate, fusiform, cylindrical and top diverge). Among them, conical type was showed the highest percentage(41.2%). Seed of 136 resources was showed yellow color. Spike color of 136 genetic resources were classified as 6 colors (dark brown, light brown, red brown, yellow, yellowish brown and yellowish white). Yellowish white color showed the highest percentage(33.8%) among them. Leaf color of 136 genetic resources were classified as 6 colors (brown, dark green, green, green brown, light green and light brown). Green color was showed the highest percentage(44.9%) among them. Culm length showed a wide variation from 112cm to 183cm (average is 153.8cm) and spike length from 17.7 to 41.2cm (average is 24.1cm). Days from seeding to heading date and days from seeding to physiological maturity were showed the range from 63 to 111 days (average is 90.3 days) and the range from 119 to 149 days (average is 117.7 days) respectively. Number of grains per spike and 1000 grain weight were showed the range from 2,197.0 to 16,980.0 grains (average is 5,839.1 grains) and from 0.6 to 3.1g (average is 1.79g) respectively.