본 연구에서는 동해의 오징어 어획량이 급증한 최근 1990~1999년 기간에 주목하여 동해에서의 오징어 어황 변동과 해황과의 관계를 조사하였다. 동해에서 오징어 어획량의 경년변화 특징은 1970년대부터 1980년대 초반에 감소하고 1980년대 후반에 증가하였다. 이것은 기후변화에 따른 regime shifts의 변동과 관계하는 것으로 나타났다. 월평균 어획량은 9-12월까지 풍어기, 3-5월 사이가 흉어기를 보이고, 최대 어획량은 10월에, 최소어획량은 4월에 나타났다. 해구별 안정 어장의 지표로 제시한 변동계수 (coefficient of variation) 값이 1.0 이하로 매년 안정된 어장은 구릉포 연안역과 울릉도 주변해역에서 형성되었다. 또한, 오징어의 최대 어획적수온 16℃를 기준으로 한 어획적수심은 해역이 북상함에 따라 얕아졌다. 이 결과로부터 해역에 따라 조업시의 어획적수심에 대한 차등성을 둘 필요가 있음이 시사되었다. 또한, 조업 어장과 수온의 관계는 흉어기인 4월에 10~14℃이고, 풍어기인 10월에 10~20℃의 범위로서 오징어 어장 형성은 계절에 따른 대마난류역의 확장과 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 생각된다.

Bacterial meningitis is an uncommon complication of pituitary macroadenoma. Bacterial meningitis can occur in patients with pituitary macroadenoma who have received sphenoidal surgery or had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. A 62-year-old male visited our hospital for headache and fever. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a pituitary macroadenoma. CSF study revealed acute bacterial meningitis. Intravenous antibiotics and hydrocortisone replacement therapy were started, and lead to good clinical outcome. Bacterial meningitis should be considered in patients with a pituitary macroadenoma who present with meningitis symptoms, even though in the absence of rhinorrhea or surgical history.

Soybean cultivars with genetically low levels of stachyose enhance the utilization of soybean in food as well as feed uses. The objective of this research is to obtain the information on indirection selection of soybean lines with low stachyose content using DNA marker based on RS2 (rs2) gene. Two genetic populations were developed from the crosses of three parents (116-13 parent : low stachyose content, PI417227 and PI506903 parents: normal stachyose content). Twenty F2 plants of RS2_ genotype and twenty F2 plants of rs2rs2 genotype from each populations were harvested. Content of stachyose was detected by HPLC. Stachyose contents (g/kg) of 116-13, PI417227, PI506903 parents were 3.7, 23.7, and 17.8, respectively. In population 1, stachyose content 20 F2 plants with RS2_ genotype was 14.8 – 24.1 and stachyose content 20 F2 plants with rs2rs2 genotype was 2.1 – 4.7. In population 2, stachyose content 20 F2 plants with RS2_ genotype was 12.4 – 19.7 and stachyose content 20 F2 plants with rs2rs2 genotype was 2.1 – 5.0. Mean difference between RS2_ genotype and rs2rs2 genotype in population 1 and 2 was highly significant. From this results, selection of genetic lines with low stachyose content by DNA marker based on RS2 (rs2) gene will be possible.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 F6 strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

Climate change is one of the most essential factors that should be taken into account for dam safety assessment. In this study infiltration/slope stability analyses are performed based on various flood scenarios. Using the results of the numerical analyses, a safety assessment is performed on a fill dam in Nak-Dong River, South Korea.

This study was evaluated compressive strength of fiber reinforcement mortar using basalt fiber as part of a basic study for development to fiber reinforcement mortar using basalt fiber. Results of assessment, influence of the compressive strength according to used superplasticizer (SP) has shown that without, in addition, compressive strength according to used viscosity agent (VA) is determined that the compression strength decreased due to the bubbling.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop for protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and many other nutrients to humans and animals. But, antinutritional factors in the raw mature soybean are exist. Raffinose and stachyose are main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. Both raffinose and stachyose are carbohydrates, belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). RFOs are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The objective of this research is to obtain the information on raffinose and stachyose content according to genotype and environment. A total of twenty two soybean genotypes (11 cultivars, 3 germplasms and 8 breeding lines) were selected. Each genotype was grown in the field for two years with two replications and harvested in bulk at natural maturity for two years. Content of raffinose and stachyose was detected by HPLC. The raffinose content (g/kg) of 22 genotypes was 2.68±0.21 - 5.87±2.43 in year 1 and was 3.24±0.37 - 9.05±0.16 in year 2. The stachyose content (g/kg) was 4.23±0.98 - 27.68±9.90 at year 1 and was 5.11±1.09 - 25.32±0.35 in year 2. Genotype and environment have highly significant effects on raffinose and stachyose content. Three genotypes (Da-7, 116-13, and RS-78) have low stachyose content at 5% significant level in two years. A positive correlation (R2=0.1985*) between raffinose and stachyose was observed in year 2. These informations are valuable in soybean genetics and breeding program related with raffinose and stachyose content.

Electrochemical reductive extraction of tin from semiconductor plating process wastewater was experimented using synthetic wastewater. Copper and graphite plate were used as a cathode and an anode, respectively. The tin extraction could be optimized in pH 0.5 and polar space of 60 mm. The extraction rate of tin per minute was increased as current and initial tin concentration increased, and more than 87% and 97% of tin could be extracted within 80 minutes at 500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L of initial tin concentration, respectively. The electrochemical reaction orders and kinetic coefficients were 1.24 ~ 1.26 and 0.004 ~ 0.006 (L/mg)(n − 1)min−1. The residual concentration of tin could be expressed as Ct= (Co −0.246+ 0.0012t)−4.065.

2012년 골프산업규모를 살펴보면 골프인구 470만명, 년간 골프지출액 23조원, 골프용품시장은 1~1.5조원(클럽 8,000억원 ~ 1조2천억원 / 골프공, 골프화, 골프장갑 등 2~3,000억원), 골프웨어 4,000억원으로 전체 산업 규모는 24.5조원 ~ 25조원에 이를 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이와 같이 소득이 증대되면서 성장하고 있는 골프산업과 비례하여 골프장 안전사고 또한 골프 동호인구의 증가와 함께 어느 순간 사회적 이슈로 떠오를 만큼 증가하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 골프장 사고는 골프장이 갖는 입지적인 문제로 파생되는 주변 기상, 지형상의 사고 유발 환경도 문제이지만 골프장과 골퍼들이 기본적인 안전수칙을 무시해 일어나는 경우가 대부분이다. 골퍼들은 해저드 익사, 카트 전복, 낙뢰 감전, 타구 사고 등을 너무도 가볍게 생각하는 경향이 있다. 이는 안전 불감증 또는 부주의한 방심에 기인하며 무방비 상태에서 갑자기 발생하는 사고로 인하여 대형사고로 이어지곤 한다. 본 연구에서는 골프장 안전사고에 대한 자료가 불충분한 관계로 가상의 골프장 사고 시나리오에 근거한 위험 평가 과정을 제시하고 그 평가 결과에 따른 대처 방안 마련 과정을 FTA분석을 통하여 제시하여 ‘무사고 안전 골프장’ 안전관리가 마련되도록 한다.

We investigated the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Youngil Bay as well as the effect of water physico-chemical parameters. Water samples at three stations were collected and measured monthly from May to November in 2010. The taxa of phytoplankton observed in this study were classified as 33 Bacillariophyceae, 23 Dinophyceae, 1 Euglenophyceae, 2 Crysophyceae and 1 Cryptophyceae. The highest biomass of phytoplankton was observed at inner station in September, which was characterized high concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) in surface water after rainfall. Nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biomass values showed the marked trend to decrease from the inner bay to the outer bay. Pearson's correlation co-efficient between salinity and other water parameters including chlorophyll-a, pH and DIP showed the strong negative relationship r=-0.82, r=-0.78 and r=-0.75 (p＜0.01), respectively. These results indicate that the water quality of Youngil Bay could be stimulated by nutrient enriched input from Hyeogsan River discharge, and the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton biomass principally limited to DIP concentration from Hyeogsan river.

폐자원에너지화 정책수행을 위한 고형연료, 유기성폐가스 등 폐기물 에너지자원의 품질 및 관리기준 설정에 따라 국가 공정시험기준이 마련이 시급하며, 국내 폐기물 고형연료 품질기준이 ‘13년도에 개정 중으로 신규 분류체계에 따른 공정시험기준 검토가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 선진국의 국제적인 시험방법을 정리하였고 국내 정도관리와 검사의 법적체계의 근거가 되는 환경부의 관련법령 및 KS 기준을 비교 검토 하였다. 국외 기준과 비교 시 삼성분, 원소분석, 발열량 항목은 시료량, 시간 및 온도에서 약간의 차이를 보이고 있어 국내 적용에 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 나타났으나, 중금속, 시료채취 부분은 국내․외 시험법의 비교 실험을 통해 시험법간 차이를 보정해야 할 것으로 보인다. 또한 바이오매스, 겉보기 비중과 같은 국내 미 개정 항목은 국외 시험법을 통해 국내 실정과 호환이 가능한 표준시험방법을 마련해야 할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구가 향후 국내 폐자원에너지화 정책마련의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

최근 인류의 도시화 산업화에 따라 화석연료의 소비가 늘어나면서 기후변화와 초대형 기상이변 등이 자주 발생하고, 이러한 현상들로 인하여 기후변화와 에너지 부족에 관해서 많은 관심이 쏟아지고 있다. 이러한 관심에 의해 기후변화와 에너지위기에 대비한 많은 정책들과 기술투자가 이루어지고 있다. 이 중에서 폐자원 에너지화 분야에서는 폐기물로부터 다양한 에너지원으로 이용 가능한 물질을 회수하기 위해서 고형연료 제조시설이 설치 운영되고 있다. 하지만 고형연료의 제조시설에서도 상당량의 잔재물이 발생되고 있으며, 이렇게 발생 된 잔재물의 최종처분에 대한 문제점이 항상 대두되고 있다. 잔재물의 최종처분은 소각 및 매립이 주로 행해지고 있는데, 현재 국내에서는 발생되는 잔재물의 발생저감방안과 최종처분을 위한 평가기준이 마련되어 있지 않다. 유럽의 경우는 EU매립지침(1999/31/EC)에서 생분해성 물질의 매립량을 단계적으로 감량하여 매립량을 1995년 기준 2016년까지 35%로 목표를 정하였고, 국가별로 중간처리가 안된 생분해성 물질이나 유기탄소함량 또는 발열량을 기준으로 일정 수준 이상은 매립을 금지하는 기준을 마련하고 있다. 따라서 국내에서도 매립량에 대한 저감방안과 매립금지 평가기준 등이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 국내에 설치 운영중인 고형연료 제조시설 중 4개 업체를 선정하여 공정과 잔재물을 비교한 결과 시설별로 선별조합 및 건조방식 등에 차이가 있었다. 각 시설들의 공정별 잔재물에 대한 발생량, 삼성분, 원소함량, TOC, SDM 및 발열량 등 잔재물 특성을 분석하여 에너지화 유도를 통한 매립량 저감방안과 평가항목에 대해서 검토하였다.

Electrochemical reductive extraction of copper from LCD manufacturing process and through hole plating process for PCB circuit board wastewater was experimented using synthetic wastewater. Copper plate which could be used as raw material through melting with extracted copper from wastewater and graphite plate were used as a cathode and an anode, respectively. The copper extraction could be optimized in pH 2 and polar space of 45mm. The extraction rate of copper per unit energy was decreased as HRT increased and initial copper concentration decreased. As the optimal HRTs which could maximize the productivity for copper on energy, 80 ~ 110 min at 50 mg/L, 64 min at 1,000 mg/L and 77 ~ 98 min at 3,000 mg/L were determined, respectively.

Coastal marine ecosystem plays important role of spawning and nursery grounds for fisheries resources. Yongil Bay is one of major coastal marine ecosystems, which is located in the southwestern East Sea of Korea. Species composition and abundance of marine organism in the Yongil Bay were investigated by season from March to November 2009. Gill net and pot fisheries were used for survey of pelagic and demersal species composition, and collected 106 species, 67 families, and 7 taxa of fisheries resources from the coastal ecosystem. Species were included 2 species in Ascidiacea, 2 species in Bivalvia, 6 in Cephalopoda, 22 in Crustacea, 5 in Echinodermata, 12 in Gastropoda, and 57 in Pisces. Diversity indices (Shannon index, H’) showed seasonal variation with low value of 2.11 in winter, and high value of 2.63 in autumn. Main dominant species were Asterias amurensis, Pleuronectes yokohamae, Siphonalia spadicea fuscolineata, Trachurus japonicas, Sillago japonica, Conger myriaster, Volutharpa ampullaceal, Engraulis japonicus, Asterina pectinifera, and Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus that were occupied over 71.5% of total individuals, and 52.9% of wet weight. Seasonal variations of fisheries resources composition were discussed on correlationships with those of environmental factors in the coastal ecosystem of the Yongil Bay in Korea. Those results from this study will provide scientific data and information to develop the ecosystem-based coastal fisheries assessment and management system in Korea.

본 연구에서는 철도터널내 화재시 터널내 구조체의 내화성능을 평가하기 위한 시간-온도곡선의 기준을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 현재 국내에서는 철도터널건설과 터널의 수가 빠른 속도로 증가하고 있으며, 터널연장이 길어짐에 따라 터널 내 화재사고가 갈수록 높아지고 있는 상황이다. 철도터널의 화재빈도수는 적지만 화재시 인명과 교통차단으로 인한 사회적 피해는 막대하다. 하지만 우리나라에서는 철도터널 화재에 대한 적합한 시간-온도 곡선을 규정하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 철도의 통행량, 차량 종류 등을 고려한 열방출율을 기초로 외국에서 제시된 시간-온도 곡선을 검토해 보았으며 국재 실정에 가장 적합한 설계화재 모델을 제시하였다. 탄화수소(HC)시간-온도 곡선이 국내 철도터널의 설계화재모델로 가장 적합하였으며, 탄화수소 시간-온도곡선에 의한 철도터널 구조체의 온도분포를 예측하기 위하여 유한요소해석을 통하여 콘크리트터널 구조체의 구조성능을 검토하였다.

본 연구는 도시철도 터널내 화재시 구조체의 내화성능을 평가하기 위한 기준을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 현재 국내 도심의 지하철 터널 구간은 135㎞로써 그 규모가 세계 4위 이며 대도시들의 도시철도 터널건설의 증가와 그 연장이 길어짐에 따라 터널 내 화재사고가 갈수록 높아지고 있는 상황이다. 하지만 국내에는 도시철도 터널 화재에 대한 내화성능평가에 기본적으로 적용되는 시간-온도 곡선이 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 도시철도 터널의 통행량, 차량 종류 등을 고려한 열방출율을 기초로 외국에서 제시된 시간-온도 곡선을 검토하였으며 국내 실정에 맞는 설계화재 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 제시된 설계화재모델에 대해 수치해석을 통하여 화재시 도시철도 터널 구조체의 온도분포를 산정하였다.

Based on the monthly weather report of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and daily sea surface temperature (SST) data from National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) in 2006, heat budget was estimated at Gampo in the eastern coast of Korea, the region occuring the cold water known as upwelling in summer. Net heat flux was transported from the air to the sea surface during February to November, and it amounts to 345 Wm-2 in monthly mean value. During December to January, the transfer of net heat flux was conversed from the sea surface to the air with -56 Wm-2 in minimum of monthly mean value in January. Long wave radiation was ranged from 6 Wm-2 to 106 Wm-2. Sensible heat was varied from -36 Wm-2 (June) to 61 Wm-2 (February) and showed negative values from April to August. Latent heat showed 20 Wm-2 (July) with its minimum in July and 49 Wm-2 with its maximum in March in monthly mean value. The annual mean of net heat flux is 129 Wm-2, giving an annual heat surplus of 22 Wm-2. Thus, during summer, the upwelled cold water at Gampo, appears to compensate the heat gain. However the ways in which these compensations are accomplished remains to be clarified.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different types of hilly pasture grazing on growth and meat quality in organic Korean black goats, and to obtain basic data for the production of organic goats. A total of 40 goats with similar age and BW were equally allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included grazing types of four different hilly pastures; T1: forages types, T2: organic forages types, T3: native plants types, and T4: browse types, respectively. The trial lasted for 174 days from 15th of May to 5th of November, 2007 in Livestock Genetic Resources Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Sciences. At the end of trial, all animals were slaughtered to analyze carcass characteristics and meat quality. Average daily gain was significantly (p＜0.05) higher for T1 treatments than for others. Dressing percentage was significantly (p＜0.05) higher for T1 and T2 than for T3 and T4 treatments. Meat percentage of T1 treatments was significantly (p＜0.05) higher than those of other treatments. For meat properties, crude fat content was highest in T3 treatments. Linoleate (18:2n6) and linolenate (18:3n3) contents tended to be higher in T1 than those of other treatments, while arachidonate (20:4n6) content tended to be higher in T3 and T4 than that of other treatments. Shear force was lower (p＜0.05) for T3 than other treatments. For sensory results, juiciness and tenderness tended to be greater (p＜0.05) in T2 and T3, and flavour tended to be greater (p＜0.05) in T3 and T4. The results indicated that grazing in hilly pastures for organic Korean black goats was somewhat less in their performances and carcass characteristics, but not behind in the meat quality and physical characteristics as compared with the conventional regimen. Therefore, it would be expected that goats grazing in hilly pastures made it possible to produce organic animal products with a high safety and also might lead to increase of breeders income and consumers satisfaction.

In order to investigate the effect of inflow of Yangze river on the distribution of chlorophyll-a, the results of serial oceanographic observation during 2000-2005 were used. The oceanographic conditions in the northern East China Sea is influenced by the Tsushima Warm Current and low saline water derived from the Yangze river. The distributions of these water masses vary significantly by the season in the northern East China Sea. The sea surface temperature and salinity were stable and concentrations of chlorophyll-a were low in the eastern part of 126°E. On the contrary, the salinity was significantly influenced by the low saline water derived from Yangze river with the high concentrations of chlorophyll-a. It is suggested that the low saline water inflowed from the Yangze river affects high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the northern East China Sea in summer.