This study investigated the vascular flora in Deoksan Provincial Park, located in Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, based on 12 field surveys conducted from May 2024 to July 2025. The survey identified a total of 439 vascular plant taxa, comprising 108 families, 273 genera, 404 species, four subspecies, 29 varieties, and two forms. Among them, 14 taxa were Korean endemic plants, and six taxa were included in the red list of plants. The floristic regional plants comprised 54 taxa, including three taxa of grade IV, 12 taxa of grade III, 15 taxa of grade II, and 24 taxa of grade I. A total of 156 taxa were identified as biological resources subject to approval for overseas export, and 8 taxa were identified as climate change indicator plants. Additionally, 55 taxa of alien plants were identified, resulting in a naturalization rate of 12.5% and an urbanization index of 8.8%. Two taxa of ecosystem-disturbing species were found to be distributed in the area. This study provides foundational data for the efficient management and operation of Deoksan Provincial Park and is expected to serve as baseline information for biodiversity conservation and the systematic management of plant resources by identifying the current status and changes in its flora.

Metcalfa pruinosa is an invasive planthopper that has rapidly spread across South Korea since its first detection in 2005. Long-term suppression is difficult using chemical control alone. This study developed a cocoon-based outdoor release technique for the parasitoid Neodryinus typhlocybae, a major natural enemy of M. pruinosa, and analyzed the seasonal occurrence patterns of both species while evaluating the establishment and parasitism of N. typhlocybae across multiple regions. A rain-shielded release device was designed to facilitate adult emergence and escape, resulting in emergence from more than 75% of the cocoons and the successful escape of 88.9% of the emerged adults. The optimal timing for parasitoid release was identified as mid-to-late June when 4th-instar M. pruinosa nymphs are predominant, while parasitism assessments were best conducted in mid-to-late July during the 5th-instar stage. Between 2024 and 2025, N. typhlocybae cocoons were detected in eight municipalities across five provinces. Notably, cocoon densities reached 8.2 cocoons per 20 leaves in Jangseong in 2024 and 3.2 cocoons in Asan in 2025, clearly demonstrating successful parasitism and overwintering under Korean field conditions. Cocoons also persisted at sites where releases were conducted between 2020 and 2022, without additional releases. No significant relationships were observed between cocoon density and release amount, region, or year, suggesting that host density, microclimate, and other field-level environmental factors have greater influences on parasitism outcomes. This study provides key foundational data supporting the practical implementation of N. typhlocybae for the biological control of M. pruinosa in South Korea.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a crucial global crop, serving as a significant source of protein and oil. However, its productivity is increasingly at risk due to climate change, particularly from drought stress. While conventional breeding has successfully identified and crossed drought-tolerant genotypes like DT2008 and slow-wilting lines, these efforts face challenges such as lengthy breeding cycles, strong environmental influences, and limited yield improvements. Molecular techniques, including genome-wide association studies, quantitative trait locus mapping, and marker-assisted selection, have enhanced the efficiency of identifying and selecting beneficial traits. Nevertheless, drought tolerance remains a complex polygenic trait. Biotechnology advancements introduce new possibilities; for instance, genetic modification has incorporated drought-responsive genes like AtDREB1A, codA, and GmNAC to improve survival, osmoprotection, and root development under water stress. Additionally, genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 allow for precise modifications of key loci and may enjoy greater public acceptance than traditional GM crops. Notable successes, such as the TN16-520R1 cultivar, which combines drought and herbicide tolerance, highlight the potential of integrating these technologies. Accurate evaluation methods are critical, with laboratory assays offering physiological insights, greenhouse experiments assessing gene function, and field trials confirming performance in real-world conditions. Future advancements in soybean breeding for drought tolerance will rely on integrating these complementary screening methods into high-throughput phenotyping pipelines to expedite the breeding process. In summary, improving soybean drought tolerance demands a synergistic approach that merges traditional diversity-based breeding with cutting-edge molecular techniques and genome editing. Key priorities include discovering functional genes, implementing precision phenotyping in field settings, and developing integrated breeding pipelines that simultaneously address drought and other stresses, such as heat and disease. This strategy aims to produce resilient cultivars capable of maintaining soybean productivity in the face of climate change.

Recently, mycelium-based composites are attracting attention as eco-friendly materials to replace fossil fuel-based plastics and Styrofoam. Various cellulose-based substrates are used as culture substrates for various mycelium materials. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using various agricultural by-products as mycelium material substrates that can replace the main material, oak sawdust. The growth of mycelia was confirmed by inoculating the culture substrate with Irpex lacqueratus (KMCC02967) with four types of agricultural by-products (peach branch hemp stem, perilla stem, and pepper stem). As a result, compared to the oak sawdust substrate, when not only the agricultural by-products substrate itself but also nutritional sources such as rice and wheat bran were added, the effect of promoting mycelia growth was confirmed. The results of this study clearly show the potential of agricultural by-products to shorten the growth period of mycelia by replacing existing oak sawdust and reduce production costs through this. Based on these research results, it is suggested that agricultural by-products can be used as high value-added industrial materials and further suggests that they are sustainable alternatives that can contribute to carbon reduction and building a resource circulation economy.

This pilot study aimed to develop a novel type of functional dietary management food for individuals with diabetes, utilizing a soup and bread format, and to evaluate its postprandial glycemic response and consumer acceptability. Two types of soup and bread meals—tomato vegetable soup and curry chicken soup—were formulated using chickpeas and low-fat meat and were compared with a commercially available diabetic management meal. In a randomized crossover design, 15 participants consumed one of three meals (experimental or commercial diabetic meal) on separate days. Blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-meal. Experimental meals showed stable glycemic responses evidenced by decreased Area Under the Curve (AUC) (Tomato 12839.0±1432.8, Curry 12683.0±1408.4) compared to commercial meals (15485.0±1870.5, p<0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed moderate acceptability, and subjective hunger, satiety, and food cravings were also assessed, but showed no significant differences among three types of meal. Although limited by the small sample size and short intervention duration, these findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of tailored meal solutions for metabolic conditions. Further large-scale, long-term studies are warranted to validate these outcomes and optimize product development for diverse populations.

In this study, flavored oils were developed using oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes), with olive, avocado, soybean, and sunflower oils as the carrier oils. Changes in oxidative stability, color, aroma, and taste resulting from infusion with oak mushroom powder were then comparatively evaluated. Across all four oils, the samples infused with oak mushroom powder did not exhibit significant differences in primary and secondary oxidation levels compared with those of the controls; however, in terms of color, browning decreased in olive oil but tended to increase in avocado, soybean, and sunflower oils. Based on the analysis of aromatic characteristics, major sulfur compounds derived from oak mushroom formed in refined soybean and sunflower oils, whereas olive and avocado oils did not exhibit distinct effects. In terms of taste characteristics, umami increased after oak mushroom powder infusion across all oils, and the enhancement of umami was particularly significant in olive and avocado oils. These results indicate that the aromatic and taste characteristics of oak mushroom-flavored oils exhibit different patterns depending on the type of vegetable oil used.

설악산국립공원에서 무인센서카메라의 효율적인 활용을 위해 종의 분포, 상대풍부도(RAI), 그리고 카메라 운용 일수와 탐지된 종 수 간의 상관관계 를 추정했다. 2020년 7월부터 9월까지 24대의 카메라로 총 1,704 카메라 운용 일수 동안 모니터링한 결과, 설악산에 서식하는 중대형 포유류 10종이 모두 탐지되었다. 오소리(Meles leucurus)는 23개 지점(95.8%)에서, 멧돼지(Sus scrofa)는 22개 지점(91.7%)에서 각각 포착되어 설악산국립 공원 전역에 넓게 분포하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이 두 종은 최초 감지까지의 평균 시간이 가장 짧았고 RAI가 가장 높아, 10종 중에서 가장 쉽게 관찰되는 종임을 시사했다. 멸종위기에 처한 산양(Naemorhedus caudatus)은 24개 지점 중 13개 지점(54.2%)에서 기록되었는데, 신속한 감지와 높은 RAI를 보여 설악산국립공원이 대한민국 내에서 이 종의 핵심 서식지임을 입증했다. 반면, 멧토끼(Lepus coreanus)는 3개 지점에서만 관찰되었다. 멧토끼의 RAI는 낮았으며, 최초 감지까지의 평균 시간이 길어 관찰 확률이 낮았다. G7, G26, G28, G36, G37 조사지점은 7~8종이 관찰되어 높은 종다양성을 보였다. 특히, G7, G26, G28에서는 산양, 삵(Prionailurus bengalensis), 담비(Martes flavigula) 등 3종의 멸종위기종이 탐지되어, 이 지역들이 집중적인 보호가 필요한 생태학적 핵심 구역으로 기능함을 시사했다. 따라서, 이 지역의 효과적인 보호 및 관리를 위해 장기적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 운용 효율성 분석 결과, 24대 카메라의 총 운용 일수 1,704일 중 10종 전체(100%) 탐지에 1,066일이 소요되는 것으로 예측되었다. 24대 카메라로 모니터링할 경우, 카메라당 최소 44.42일이 소요되어야 10종 전체를 감지할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 9종(90%)은 10.75일, 8종(80%)은 6.21일이 소요될 것으로 예측했다. 향후 카메라 트랩 모니터링은 카메라 수, 공간적 범위, 종다양성을 고려하여 설계되어야 한다.

본 논문은 19세기 초 수술의 발흥과 통증 완화에 대한 낙관 속에서, 의사이 자 시인인 존 키이츠(John Keats)가 고통을 어떻게 시적으로 형상화하고 그 해 소를 모색했는지를 고찰한다. 키이츠는 로버트 버턴(Robert Burton)의 􋺷우울의 해부􋺸에 깊은 영향을 받았으며, 우울을 통해 인간의 고통과 존재의 조건을 이해 했다. 무자비한 미녀 는 사랑의 황홀 이후 찾아오는 무기력한 소진을 통해 고 통을 잊게 하는 감각의 마비가 존재의 쇠퇴와 직결됨을 보여준다. 라미아 는 고통을 통해 획득한 존재의 변화와 감각적 사랑, 그리고 뒤잇는 환상의 붕괴와 파국적 소멸을 통해, 감각의 극한에 따른 파멸과 죽음을 그려낸다. 이 두 시 모 두에서 키이츠는 연인과의 사랑에서 오는 환희가 로더넘이 제공하는 진통 및 진정과 마찬가지로 인간의 고통에 대한 일시적 대응일 뿐 궁극적 해법은 될 수 없음을 보여준다. 그는 감각적 사랑에 대한 절대화나 과도한 의학적 낙관론의 한계를 인식하고, 고통과 우울, 그리고 죽음을 인간 존재의 필연적 조건으로 수 용하며 하나님의 사랑에 의지함으로써 기독교적 초월의 경지에 이른다.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a simulation-based Room of Errors patient safety education program on patient safety-related nursing activities and critical reflection competency of new nurses. Method: A randomized controlled pretest–posttest design was used. A total of 63 new nurses participated, with 32 assigned to the experimental group and 31 to the control group. The experimental group received a team-based simulation intervention, with participants collaboratively identifying and addressing patient safety hazards within Room of Errors scenarios. Results: In the experimental group, patient safety-related nursing activity scores increased significantly after the intervention (t = 2.70, p = .011), while the control group showed no significant change (t = 0.23, p = .816). Additionally, critical reflection competency scores improved significantly in the experimental group (t = 3.66, p < .001), with no significant change observed in the control group (t = -0.53, p = .603). The between-group difference in change scores for critical reflection competency was statistically significant (t = 2.77, p = .007). Conclusion: The simulation-based Room of Errors education program effectively enhanced patient safety-related nursing activities and critical reflection competency among new nurses, suggesting its value as a training method for developing essential competencies in clinical practice.

이 연구의 목적은 사천왕사 ‘왔소’ 축제에 대한 35년간의 전개 과정의 분석과 인터뷰 조사를 통해 재일동포의 차세대 정체성 함양에 미친 영향 을 살펴보는 데 있다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사천왕사 ‘왔소’는 재일동포가 도래인의 역사를 기억하는 축제의 성격이 짙은 것으 로 나타났다. 둘째, 1990년대 사천왕사 ‘왔소’는 고대 한일교류의 역사를 재현하여 재일동포의 열등의식 극복, 일본인의 한국에 대한 편견을 깨뜨 리는 의미를 지니고 있었다. 셋째, 사천왕사 ‘왔소’는 일본 ‘중학교 역사 자료-오사카부 판’에 소개되어 재일동포의 이미지 개선에 가장 큰 성과 를 거두었다. 넷째, 사천왕사 ‘왔소’는 재일동포가 주체적으로 시작하고 역사적 변천 과정에서 자기 정체성을 세우는 기둥 역할을 담당해 왔다. 다섯째, 사천왕사 ‘왔소’는 재일동포 정체성의 재인식, 고대 한일교류 역 사의 산증인으로 오늘날 역사 현장에서 배우는 감동을 전달한 것으로 나 타났다. 결론적으로 ‘왔소’는 오사카 재일동포 축제로 시작하여 오사카 시민의 참여로 시민 축제로 성장하였다. 이제 ‘왔소’ 축제는 재일동포 사 회의 세대 변화에 더불어 재일동포의 차세대 정체성 어떻게 구현하고 계 승해 나갈 것인지가 향후 과제로 남아있다.

This study aims to advance Korea’s aquatic ecosystem assessment framework by developing and validating an Integrated Assessment Index (IAI) that synthesizes three biological indicators: the Diatom Assessment Index (DAI), the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assessment Index (BAI), and the Fish Assessment Index (FAI). Using biomonitoring data collected from 2019 to 2021, three integration methods: the minimum grade method, most frequent grade method, and arithmetic mean method, were compared. The arithmetic mean method demonstrated the highest suitability and was adopted as the final integration approach. The resulting IAI showed stronger correlations with major water quality factors (BOD, TN, TP) than individual biological indices, indicating its enhanced capacity to capture both water quality gradients and ecological response patterns across biological assemblages. Application of the IAI to aquatic ecosystem assessment data from 2016 to 2023 revealed that the overall ecological condition of Korean rivers remained at a “fair (C)” level. Approximately half of the sites were classified as good to very good (A~B), while around 20% were rated as poor to very poor (D~E). Annual cycle analysis further indicated that first-year surveys within each monitoring phase exhibited higher proportions of good conditions, whereas second- and third-year surveys showed increasing frequencies of fair conditions, suggesting cumulative environmental stressors or progressive habitat alteration. Mid-sized basin target standards achievement analysis showed a clear discrepancy between waterquality and biological outcomes. While BOD and TP targets were met at relatively high rates, IAI achievement rates were the lowest across all major river basins (18~33%). This indicates that current water quality centered management goals insufficiently reflect actual ecological conditions. The results highlight that improvements in physico-chemical factors alone are insufficient for biological recovery and that habitat structure, flow regime, and substrate conditions are critical drivers of ecological integrity. Overall, the IAI effectively integrates biological and physico-chemical information, offering a more comprehensive quantification of river aquatic ecosystem health than single metric approaches. The index demonstrates strong potential as a practical tool for future policy applications, including mid-sized basin target management, ecological restoration prioritization, and integrated water resource planning.

Biological assessments of streams have been developed in many countries to evaluate ecological integrity. A multimetric index is one of the primary methods used for this purpose, incorporating chemical, physical, and biological variables of the environment. In Korea, the Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index (BMI) is currently applied in national biological monitoring programs; however, BMI reflects only organic pollution and does not account for other environmental variables in streams. This study aimed to develop a new multimetric index, the Benthic Macroinvertebrate-based Multimetric Index (BMMI), for assessing the ecological integrity of Korean streams. We analyzed data from 3,307 sites, including water quality information. Reference and disturbed streams were identified based on PC 1 scores with 7 environmental factors (Axis 1 of the PCA), genus levelbased taxa richness, and BMGI values used for trimming. From an initial set of 82 candidate metrics, six (genus level-based taxa richness, Shannon’s diversity index, percent of taxa in E.P.T., percent of individuals in collectorsgatherers, percent of individuals in clingers, BMGI based on saprobity) were selected through statistical analyses, including coefficient of variation and discriminant analysis. BMMI successfully distinguished between reference and disturbed streams and showed significant correlations with various environmental factors. These results indicate that BMMI is suitable for evaluating the ecological integrity of streams in Korea. Therefore, it is recommended that stream ecosystem assessments transition from BMI to BMMI in the future to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of stream integrity.

This study examines the current framework for diagnosing the causes of stream ecosystem impairment in South Korea and proposes strategies to improve the effectiveness of aquatic ecosystem restoration policies. While technical guidelines and manuals for impairment diagnosis have been developed, they remain limited in practice due to weak legal enforceability, lack of integration with restoration planning, and insufficient coordination between related laws such as the Water Environment Conservation Act and the River Act. To address these issues, this study highlights the need for institutional reforms, including the legal establishment of a national inventory of impaired streams, the development of a comprehensive management plan, and the incorporation of diagnosis results into river planning processes. It also proposes clarifying the roles of central and local agencies to enhance administrative efficiency and reduce project fragmentation. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the potential of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) as a paradigm shift in stream restoration. The application of NbS should be linked to the results of scientific diagnosis and tailored to the specific characteristics and impairment mechanisms of each stream. By strengthening the link between diagnosis, planning, and implementation, and adopting ecosystem-based approaches such as NbS, this study aims to inform integrated policy and institutional directions for sustainable stream restoration in South Korea.

This study investigates the effects of marine biofouling on the propulsion performance of a 2.99-ton HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) coastal fishing vessel through full-scale sea trials. Four operating conditions, clean hull, fouled hull, partially cleaned hull, and completely cleaned hull, were tested to analyze changes in ship speed and engine revolutions. The maximum speed decreased from 32.2 kn in the clean condition to 18.7 kn under fouling, corresponding to a 42% reduction in performance, and recovered to 29.0 kn (about 90% of the original speed) after complete cleaning. Additionally, immersion tests of HDPE, FRP, and aluminum panels showed that all materials experienced severe fouling during spring and summer; however, HDPE surfaces exhibited lower adhesion strength and easier removal of organisms. These findings confirm that hull cleanliness has a significant influence on the propulsion efficiency of small vessels and highlight the necessity of proactive cleaning to maintain HDPE vessel performance. Future research will include comparative evaluations with FRP and aluminum vessels to assess the substitution potential of HDPE hulls and provide technical evidence for the wider adoption of eco-friendly fishing vessels.

In this study, for the design of the impeller and volute casing shape of the water pump for flood prevention, performance was predicted through numerical analysis to secure the theoretical power and hydraulic efficiency of the front well at the discharge well 300m3/h, which is the target design specification, and the flow characteristics of each flow rate were checked and verified. Through the results of this flow analysis, it was possible to secure the basic shape design of the impeller and volute casing of the water pump for flood prevention. In the future, we will perform an interpretation to confirm structural safety according to shape and material.

낙동강 하굿둑 인근 해역은 하천수 방류, 갑문 및 수문 조작, 장기간에 걸친 하구역의 연안 사주 지형 변화 등 인위적 요인과 기상 성분에 의한 교란이 중첩되어 일반 연안과는 다른 불규칙한 조석 변동 특성을 보인다. 특히 하굿둑을 통한 해수 유입량은 내·외수위 차에 크게 좌우되며, 외측 조위의 예측 정확도는 수문 운영의 정밀도와 기수역 복원 사업에 직결된다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 하굿둑 외측 에서 2007~2024년까지 확보된 장기 관측자료를 대상으로 Utide를 적용하여 조석조화분해를 수행하고, 2021~2023년 자료를 활용한 Task2000 결과와 비교하였다. 분석 결과, Utide는 장주기 성분(SA, SSA, MM, MF 등)을 포함한 대표 조화상수를 안정적으로 추출하였으며, TASK2000 은 연도별 분석 결과가 변동하여 장기적 대표성이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2022년~2024년 조위 예측 성능을 평가한 결과, 평균오차 (ME), 평균절대오차(MAE), 평균제곱근오차(RMSE) 및 효율성계수(CE), 일치지수(IA)에서 Utide가 전반적으로 TASK2000보다 우수하였고, 결 정계수(R²)에서도 유사하거나 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이는 Utide가 평균 편향을 줄이고 예측오차를 감소시키며, 장기적인 안정성과 합치도 를 확보하는 데 효과적임을 보여준다. 따라서 낙동강 하굿둑과 같이 조석 변동이 복잡한 하구역에서는 단기 예측에는 TASK2000도 일정 수 준 활용 가능하나, 장기적이고 신뢰도 높은 조위 예측 및 수문 운영·기수역 복원 사업 지원에는 Utide의 적용이 더 적합하다고 판단된다.

SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) 위성은 기존 위성 고도계의 한계를 극복하여 아중규모 해류 구 조를 전 지구적으로 관측할 수 있는 혁신적인 관측 자료를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SWOT 위성에서 관측된 고 해상도 해수면높이 자료를 활용하여 추정된 해류를 다중위성 기반 분석 자료인 OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analyses-Real time) 해류와 비교·분석하여 공간적 일관성과 차이를 비교·분석하였다. 연구 대상 해역은 동해와 이어도 해양과학기지 주변으로 각각 아중규모 해류가 활발히 발달하는 해역과 조석 및 대기 효과가 우세한 해역의 특성을 대 표한다. 분석 결과 동해에서는 동한난류를 따라 형성되는 해류 구조를 일관되게 재현하였으나 SWOT은 약 2 km의 고 해상도 관측을 기반으로 아중규모 소용돌이, 전선, 필라멘트 등의 세밀한 구조를 보다 명확히 분해하였다. 반면 이어도 주변 해역에서는 SWOT 해류와 OSCAR 해류 사이의 불일치가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 특히 연안 및 조석이 강한 해역 에서 SWOT 해류가 국지적으로 과대 추정되거나 방향성이 비물리적으로 변동하는 현상이 관측되었다. 이러한 결과는 SWOT 관측의 조석 및 대기 보정 과정, 그리고 연안역에서의 간섭식 고도계 신호의 한계에서 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 SWOT 고해상도 자료의 연안 적용 가능성과 제약 요인을 실증적으로 제시하였으며 향후 조석·대기 보정 정 밀화 및 현장 실측 자료를 통한 검증 연구의 필요성을 강조한다.

기후변화에 따른 해양생태계의 반응은 해양의 일차 생산을 대표하는 식물성 플랑크톤의 엽록소-a 장기변동을 통 해 이해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 중국 연안 양쯔강 유출수와 외해수가 만나는 동중국해 전이 수역에 위치한 이어도 해양과학기지(Ieodo Ocean Research Station, I-ORS)를 중심으로, 지난 20년(2003-2022) 동안의 위성 해색 자료를 활용 하여 엽록소-a 농도의 장기변동 특성을 분석하였다. MODIS/Aqua 관측 자료에 연안의 탁도 특성을 고려한 Y O C 알고 리즘을 적용하고 최적 내삽법(OI)을 이용해 결측을 보정하였다. 분석 결과, 연구 해역의 엽록소-a는 중국 연안의 고농도 해수와 외해의 저농도 해수가 만나는 뚜렷한 동서 구배를 보였으며, 전선의 위치와 형태는 계절에 따른 강한 변동성을 보였다. I-ORS는 전선 중심부에 위치하여 계절풍과 해류 변동에 따라 다양한 물리적 외력에 민감한 전이대 환경을 나 타냈다. 상관계수 분석에서 I -O RS의 엽록소-a 변동은 겨울에 북서계절풍에 의한 혼합, 여름에는 제주난류의 북상과 관 련된 계절적 패턴이 확인되었다. 엽록소-a 농도의 장기변동 추세는 중국 연안역에서 뚜렷한 감소 경향을 보였으나, 외 해 해역에서는 변동이 미약하였으며 이러한 대비는 해수면온도의 온난화와 공간적으로 정합적이었다. 특히 해수면온도 의 급격한 온난화가 진행된 양쯔강 인근 해역에서 엽록소-a 농도의 감소는 완만한 온난화 지역보다 크게 나타났으며, 강한 조석 및 바람에 의한 활발한 혼합이 결합된 성층 약화 경향이 두드러졌다. I-ORS는 연안과 외해의 상호작용이 집 중되는 전략적 관측 거점으로서, 향후 위성 자료와 현장 관측을 통합한 장기 모니터링을 통해 기후변화에 따른 동중국 해 생태계 변화를 이해하는 데 핵심적인 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구의 목적은 2023년 4월 충청남도 홍성군 대형산불피해지를 대상으로 산불로 인한 온실가스 배출량을 산정하여 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 고도화에 기여하고자 한다. 산불로 인한 온실가스 배출량은 2006년 IPCC 가이드라인에 따라 산정하였으며, 산정 인자인 연소면적은 Sentinel-2A 위성영상 기반의 differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR)을 활용하여 제작한 산불피해등급도를 이용하였고 지표층 및 수관층의 연료량 및 연소효율은 현장자료를 바탕으로 추정하였다. dNBR을 활용하여 제작한 산불피해등급도를 기반으로 산정한 온실가스 배출량은 약 19,336.9톤으로, 국립산림과학원 자료를 이용한 결과보다 약 4.0% 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 현장자료를 반영하여 산불로 인한 온실가스 배출량을 보다 정밀하게 산정한 데 의의가 있다. 향후에는 국내 생태계 특성을 반영한 각 요소별 고유 지표의 도입이 요구된다.