This study investigated the antioxidant activities of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp. L.) seed extracts. Methanol and hotwater extracts of the seeds were evaluated for their total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin content, antioxidant activ-ities, and protective effects against oxidative stress on L-132 cells. The hot water extracts showed higher total phe-nol (4.23mg GAE/g) and tannin (0.511mg TAE/g) content, while the methanol extracts showed higher flavonoidcontent (1.53mg CE/g). The methanol extracts performed better than the water extracts for DPPH radical-scavengingactivity, while the water extracts performed better for ABTS radical-scavenging activity and SOD-like activity. WithL-132 cells, the water extracts showed strong protective effects against oxidative stress in a dose dependent mannerwith an effect three-fold higher than that of the methanol extracts at a concentration of 500µg/mL. A higher inhi-bition activity of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells was observed with the water extracts than with the methanolextracts at a concentration of 250µg/mL. In summary, the water extracts showed the highest total polyphenol andtannin content and a more powerful protective effect against oxidative stress and inhibition effect of NO. Our resultssuggest that amaranth seeds may be useful as natural antioxidant compounds.

본 연구는 아마란스의 붉은 색과 보라색 꽃 열수 추출물과 메탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 측정과 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성, SOD 유사 활성을 측정하였으며, 세포내에서 생성된 superoxide 라디칼 제거 활성과 산화질소 생성 억제 활성을 분석하여 새로운 식물 유래 라디칼 소거 활성 물질을 개발하기 위하여 시행하였다. 총 폴리페놀의 함량은 아마란스 추출물 중 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물이 606.95 ㎎ GAE/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 플라보노이드 함량도 254.69 ㎎ CE/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 또한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성에서도 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물의 RC50 값이 155.06 ㎍/㎖로 나타났다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정에서는 250 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물의 활성이 53.16%로 가장 좋았으며, 보라색 꽃 열수 추출물(41.55%), 붉은 꽃 열수 추출물(30.52%), 붉은 꽃 메탄올 추출물(30.34%)의 순으로 활성을 나타내었다. 이와 반대로 SOD 유사 활성은 보라색 꽃 열수 추출물에서 메탄올 추출물의 활성보다 3배나 높은 결과를 보여주었다. 세포내 superoxide 라디칼 제거 활성은 200 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물 (72.34%)이 붉은 색 꽃 열수 추출물(40.40%)보다 1.79배 높은 활성을 보였다. 세포내 NO 생성 억제 활성을 조사한 결과에서는 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물이 250 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 46.90%의 가장 높은 저해 활성을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과, 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물에서 라디컬소거능이 높았으며 강력한 항산화제 활성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 아마란스 꽃의 새로운 항산화 소재로서 개발 가능성을 보여주었다.

이 연구는 으름잎 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 품질특성을 연구 하였다. 머핀의 함량은 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% 그리고 8%로 사용하 여 제조하였다. 무게, 높이에서는 대조군에 비해 으름잎 첨가 머핀이 낮게 나왔고, 무게에서는 대조군과 으름잎 간의 유의 적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 색도에서는 대조군에 비해 으름 잎 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도, 적색도, 황색도 모두 감소하였 다. 으름잎을 첨가한 머핀의 텍스쳐를 측정한 결과, 경도, 응 집성, 검성 그리고 씹힘성은 감소하였다. 하지만 으름잎 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 탄력성과 부착성도 증가하였다. 머핀의 관능검사 결과, 색, 단맛, 부드러움, 그리고 기호도에서 샘플 간의 유의한 차이를 보여주었다. 관능적 특성결과 으름잎 첨 가 4%가 가장 좋은 관능검사 결과를 보여주었다.

This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with weight control and nutritional knowledge of juvenile delinquents. The average heights of the subjects in this study were 172.20 cm (male) and 160.89 cm (female), and the average weights were 66.73 kg (male) and 58.42 kg (female), and the BMIs (Body Mass Index; kg/m2) were 22.46 (male) and 22.54 (female). The results of this study revealed that 41.4% of the subjects were over weight or obese. In addition, there were significant differences in the BMI, satisfaction with body image and perception of body image observed between male and female subjects. Furthermore, female subjects were more experienced at weight control than male students (p〈0.001). Additionally, overweight and obese individuals had more experience with weight control than subjects that were not overweight. Moreover, there were significant differences in the reason that subjects took weight control measured between male and female students. Specifically, female subjects practiced weight control due to their appearance (p〈0.001). The order of methods by which male subjects attempted to control their weight was exercise〉diet control〉starvation and for girl student were diet control〉starvation〉excercise. The nutritional knowledge scores were higher for female subjects than for mele subjects. In addition, the nutritional knowledge scores increased as the BMI value increased and the father˚Øs educational level increased. These results of this study could be useful data to plan and develop nutritional education programs for juvenile delinquents.

The objective of this study was to assess the quality characteristics of morning-rolls containing various levels (0, 4, 8, and 12%) of bamboo leaf powder. The results demonstrated that morning-roll volume decreased with increasing amounts of bamboo leaf powder, and as the bamboo leaf powder content increased, the Hunter's color 'L', 'a' and 'b' values were significantly reduced (p<0.05). For the amylogram characteristics, the addition of bamboo leaf powder to the flour reduced peak viscosity, holding strength, final viscosity, and setback. The results of the sensory evaluation demonstrated that control (0%) and 8% addition of bamboo leaf powder had the best scores in taste, color, flavor, texture, appearance, softness, wetness, residual mouth feel, and overall acceptability. Thus, it appears that by using 8% additions of bamboo leaf powder, the functionality, nutritional composition, taste, color, and flavor of morning-rolls containing bamboo leaf powder can be developed. This result will support the development of better quality bamboo-leaf morning-rolls.

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of diet knowledge and perception on diet practice behavior among university students. Data were collected between March and April of 2005 from 523 male and female university students in Seoul and Chungbuk, via a self-administered questionnaire. The subjects included 217 male students (41.5%) and 306 female students (58.5%), and 52.0% of the subjects were 21-23 years old. With regard to residence type, 42.6% of the subjects lived in the dormitory, home (29.1%) self-boarding (19.5%) and meal (8.8) were in the order. The average weights and heights of the subjects were as follows: 70.9±9.0 kg and 174.3±4.4 cm in the male students and 53.9±5.9 kg and 161.3±4.5 cm in the female students. The average BMI values of the male and female students were 23.4±2.5 and 20.8±2.1, respectively. The average nutritional knowledge scores were as follows: 1.96 out of 3.0, dietary habit (2.13), nutrition (2.0), exercise (1.98), preferred food (1.90), and chronic disease (1.79). We noted no significant differences between the male and female subjects in terms of scored points. Nutritional knowledge by gender and residence type were shown to be significantly different--the male subjects had higher scores for exercise than did the female subjects. The self-boarding subjects had significantly lower scores with regard to nutritional knowledge and chronic disease. The experience and duration of previous diet practice were also significantly different with regard to gender and residence type. The male subjects tended to conduct diet practice for longer periods than females. The self-boarding students reported more attempts at diet behavior, but for shorter durations. The results show that the nutritional knowledge and diet practice behavior of the subjects were influenced by gender and residence type.

The breast feeding habits of 507 college students were evaluated between March 27 to April 26 (2006). Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Windows V.12.0. The study population consisted of 245 (48.3%) male and 262 (51.7%) female college students that answered ‘yes’ when asked whether they had been breast feed. A total of 52.7% of the study population were fed with breast milk (most frequent answer), as opposed to 11.0% that were fed with infant formula (least frequent answer) during their infancy. When asked whether they ever got educated on breast feeding, 78.1% of the college student subjects answered ‘no’. A total of 95.1% of the female college students replied ‘yes’ when asked if they intended to breast feed their child. Moreover, 62.2% of the college student subjects indicated that their parents had an influence on their decision to breast feed. A comparison between male and female college students indicated that female college students had a superior knowledge level of the general characteristics of breast feeding over the male subjects (p<0.05) . Moreover, a comparison of the different levels of college attained suggest that freshman college students had the highest knowledge level, followed by senior, sophomore and junior college students in terms of advantage, BF Tabu (p<0.05). Also, students provided with education on breast feeding had a higher knowledge level than college students with no formal education. In summary, the results suggest that the knowledge on breast feeding in college students were different by general characteristics such as gender, major and school year, and education on breast feeding in advance was appeared to be an important factor, therefore nutritional education course on breast feeding is recommended for the college students.

The elderly population in Korea is growing rapidly and their nutritional status is not acceptable. Data were collected from the self-administered questionnaire of 495 free living elderly, over 65years old, in Korea to asses the intake and consumption pattern of milk and dairy products. The questionnaire contains demographics, health related characteristics, and perception on milk, and consumption behaviors of milk and dairy products. Most of the elderly subjects understood that milk is good foods in terms of nutritive value and health. And 67% of the subjects satisfied with the sanitation status of milk on the markets. The kind of milk that majority of the subjects consumed was whole milk, and only 5.1% of them consumed low fat milk. Less than 20% of the subjects consumed milk everyday, living alone group consumed milk less frequently than living with others. It was found that the majority of the elderly subjects did not meet current recommendation for milk. Liquid and curd type yogurt were the major dairy products used among elderly, and the reasons were good taste and digestion. They believed that these kinds of dairy products help constipation and digestion problems. The price of milk was ranked for the first factor needed to be considered for milk and dairy products consumption in elderly korean.

The purpose of this research was to have a proper understanding, to have a concern about native local foods and to discover unknown them in Wonju. The data was obtained by use of questionaries to residents(1977 persons) and cook(172 persons) in Wonju and statistical analysis was performed. Frequency and percentage were acquired using SPSS program. To turn out the significant difference between general conditions and each groups t-test and F-test were used. The results of this survey had briefly summarized as follows 1. The results were total 99 kinds of food revealed as a native local foods and 9 kinds of the special products of Wonju. 2. The main materials were potato, com, buckwheat, acorn, pheasant, mushroom, arrowroot, and wild edible greens. 3. The local foods in Wonju were formed with it's own natural material and cooked by original cooking method. 4. The highest perceptional score items were the hot Tang(Hwangtaehaejangguk, Chueotang, Oritang, Gamjatang, Minmulmaeuntang, Tojongdakbaeksuk, Hwanggibaeksuk, Eomnamusamgyetang), and the Bap(Bibimbap, Ssambap, Sanchae-jeongsik) and the noodles(Potato sujebi, Dongchimimakhukso, Olchaengiguksu, Jangsujebi, arrowroot noodle,Gamjaongsimi).