본 연구는 치유정원 및 치유정원 내 도입 프로그램과 관련된 시기별 이용행태의 변화를 파악하여 프로 그램 및 서비스 제공에 있어 개선하는데 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용하고 『수목원정원법』시행 및 코로나19 전후를 기점으로 하여 2014 년, 2019년, 2023년 세 가지 시기로 구분하여 시계열적으로 시기별 이용행태 간의 변화를 조사하였다. 연구결과 치유정원과 치유정원 내 도입 프로그램은 이용자들에게 있어 긍정적 경험으로 나타났다. 프 로그램의 경우 초기에는 치유농업 및 원예를 중심으로 시작되었으나 시간이 지남에 따라 산림치유를 비롯하여 가드닝을 포함한 다양한 활동으로 확장되었으며, 이용자 계층 또한 다양한 계층으로 확대되 었다. 아울러 치유정원은 원예치료, 산림치유 등 다양한 자연환경 기반 치유분야의 도입요소로 사용됨 에 따라 혼용되어 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 치유정원에 대한 명확한 개념정립과 함께 다양한 계층을 고려한 프로그램이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 생태계교란생물로 지정된 네 종의 외래 거북(붉은귀거북 속, 리버쿠터, 중국줄무늬목거북, 플로리다붉은배거북) 에 대한 잠재서식지 분포를 분석하였다. 잠재서식지 예측에는 지형, 기후, 토지피복, 인간의 영향 등 16개의 환경변수와 MaxEnt 머신러닝 모델을 이용하였다. 연구 결과는 출현 빈도가 높은 지역이 모든 종에서 유사하다는 것을 보여주었다. 외래 거북의 서식지는 도시화 및 인간의 접근성이 용이한 지역과 연관성이 높았다. 반면, 강수량과 기온과 같은 자연적 요인의 영향은 상대적 으로 낮게 나타났다. 잠재서식지 분석 결과는 AUC 값이 0.913으로 높은 모의 효율을 보여주었다. 이는 외래 거북의 확산을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서 주요 도로 주변을 포함한 도심 및 도시 주변 지역에 대한 모니터링과 관리가 중요함을 시사한다. 이 연구는 외래종으로 인한 생태계 영향을 완화하기 위한 전략 수립에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공한다.

Geopolymer, also known as alkali aluminum silicate, is used as a substitute for Portland cement, and it is also used as a binder because of its good adhesive properties and heat resistance. Since Davidovits developed Geopolymer matrix composites (GMCs) based on the binder properties of geopolymer, they have been utilized as flame exhaust ducts and aircraft fire protection materials. Geopolymer structures are formed through hydrolysis and dehydration reactions, and their physical properties can be influenced by reaction conditions such as concentration, reaction time, and temperature. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of silica size and aging time on the mechanical properties of composites. Commercial water glass and kaolin were used to synthesize geopolymers, and two types of silica powder were added to increase the silicon content. Using carbon fiber mats, a fiber-reinforced composite material was fabricated using the hand lay-up method. Spectroscopy was used to confirm polymerization, aging effects, and heat treatment, and composite materials were used to measure flexural strength. As a result, it was confirmed that the longer time aging and use of nano-sized silica particles were helpful in improving the mechanical properties of the geopolymer matrix composite.

In ecosystems within limited resources, interspecific competition is inevitable, often leading to the competitive exclusion of inferior species. This study aims to provide foundational information for the conservation and restoration management of Microphysogobio rapidus by evaluating species’ ecological response to biological factors within its habitat. To understand this relationship, we collected food web organisms from site where M. rapidus coexist with Microphysogobio yaluensis, a specie ecologically similar to M. rapidus, and evaluated the trophic levels (TL), isotopic niche space (INS), and the overlap of INS among fishes within the habitat using stable isotope analysis. Our analysis revealed that the M. rapidus exhibited a higher TL than M. yaluensis, with TL of 2.6 and 2.4, respectively. M. yaluensis exhibited a broad INS, significantly influencing the feeding characteristics of most fish. Conversely, M. rapidus showed a narrow INS and asymmetric feeding relationships with other species, in habitats with high competition levels. This feeding characteristics of M. rapidus indicate that the increase in competitors sharing the similar resources lead to a decrease in available resources and, consequently, is expected to result in a decrease in their density.

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 강점인식과 진로관여행동과의 관계에서 진로적응성의 매개효 과를 확인하고자 수행되었다. 연구대상은 G광역시와 J도에 소재한 대학교 3곳의 간호대학생 284명을 대상 으로 하였다. 자료는 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관분석 및 Baron과 Kenny의 3단계 매개 회귀 분석을 이용하였고, Sobel test로 검증하였다. 강점인식과 진로관여행동사이에서 진로적응성은 부분매개효 과를 나타냈으며(Z=6.66, p<.001), 강점인식 수준이 높을수록(β=.24, p<.001), 진로적응성이 높을수록(β =.49, p<.001), 진로관여행동 수준이 높아지며, 진로관여행동을 설명하는 설명력은 47%이었다. 간호대학 생의 진로관여행동 수준의 향상을 위해서는 진로적응력 함양을 위한 구체적인 행동전략과 더불어 진로교 육 및 상담을 통해 개인의 강점을 인지할 수 있는 지도전략이 필요하다.

Captive breeding and reintroduction are crucial strategies for conserving endangered species populations. However, fish raised in predator-free environments, show a lack of recognition of predationrelated stimuli such as chemical and visual signals. It is critical to recognize chemical signals from injured conspecifics, also known as alarm signals, and the order or shape of predators to indicate the spread of predation risk in the habitat. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine and adjust the optimal exposure period to induce appropriate anti-predator behavior response to different types of stimuli (Chemical, Visual and Chemical+Visual) for the endangered species Microphysogobio rapidus. Our results demonstrate that predator avoidance behavior varies depending on the types of stimuli and the duration of predation risk exposure. First, the results showed captive-breed M. rapidus show lack of response against conspecific alarm signal (Chemical cue) before the predation risk exposure period and tend to increase response over predation risk exposure time. Second, response to predator (visual cue) tend to peak at 48 hours cumulative exposure, but show dramatic decrease after 72 hours cumulative exposure. Finally, response to the mixed cue (Chemical+visual) tend to peak prior to the predation risk exposure period and show reduced response during subsequent exposure periods. This experiment confirms the lack of responsiveness to conspecific alarm signals in captive-bred M. rapidus and the need for an optimal nature behavior enhancement program prior to release of endangered species. Furthermore, responsiveness to predator visual signal peak at 48 hours cumulative exposure, suggest an optimal predation risk exposure period of up to 48 hours. Key words: predator cognition, captive breeding, chemical signal, visual signal, endangered

To determine the cause of the population decline in Gobiobotia naktongensis, substrate preference and burying behaviour were investigated in this study. In general, the species was shown to prefer a substrate size of 1 mm or less, depending on the flow. In addition, the burying depth varied according to the size of the fish and increased with a decrease in water temperature. Our findings showed that the main cause of the population reduction was the physical changes in the substrate structure due to the dams or barrages construction. Notably, the accumulation of silt and mud in the substrate upon the formation of an upstream lentic water region for structural construction and bed armouring caused by scouring and reduced downstream inflow of fine sediment were deterministic in the fish habitat changes, causing problems in burying. As sand substrate structure is critical for the survival and inhabitation of psammophilous species, efficient strategies should be developed with proper habitat management to reduce the anthropogenic damage

This study analyzed the monitoring results of fishways at 16 weirs constructed on four large Rivers to provide data helpful for the operation and management of fishways. The average utilization rate of the fishways at the weirs was confirmed to be 64.9%. When comparing the dominant species in the mainstream and fishway monitoring results, differences were observed in 9 weirs (56.3%). This indicated that the species prevalent in the mainstream were not necessarily the ones most frequently using the fishways. The average number of individuals using the fishways per day was 336. When classifying the fish species using the fishway by life type, 92.3% were primary freshwater fish, and migratory species accounted for only 5.6%. Analysis based on the season of fishway usage revealed that an average or higher number of fish species used the fishways from May to October, with the highest number of individual users occurring from June to August. Between May and July, 80% of the fish species using the fishways were in their spawning period, while during other season, less than 40% were species that move during the spawning period. The fishways that showed a significant alignment between the spawning period and the fishway passage period were Rhinogobius brunneus, Leiocassis nitidus, Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Pseudogobio esocinus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, and Pungtungia herzi, in that order. When comparing the fishway monitoring results of the Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir and the Dalseong Weir with the upper part water level of the weir, both the number of fish species and individuals using the fishway showed positive correlations with the upper part water level of the weir. This suggests that a higher water level of the weir increases the inflow discharge within the fishway, leading to increased use by fish (number of individuals in Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir, P<0.001; number of species in Dalseong Weir, P<0.05). This study summarized and analyzed the results of fishway monitoring at 16 weirs built on four large Rivers, considering fishway efficiency, operation and management, monitoring period, and regulation of water level in the upper part of the weir. It is thought that this will help understand the status of fish use in fishways on large River and aid the construction, operation, and management of fishways in the future.

본고는 『헨리 6세』 2부와 3부가 가부장제의 이념을 바탕으로 남녀 간의 뚜렷한 역할 구분에 기초하고 있다고 보고 전통적인 성 역할에 따르지 않는 마가렛과 같은 여성의 양상을 살핀다. 주로 마가렛의 용맹성, 전투력과 성적 매력과 방종이 주변 남성 인물의 가부장적인 가치에 대립되는 모습을 추적한다. 마가렛과 일리노어 등이 권력을 추구하는 과정에서 남성들, 특히 영국 남성을 대표하는 기사도적 영웅들과 대항하는 양상을 보이는데 이 여성 전사들이 대표하는 가치가 어떻게 남성들의 이상적 영웅주의나 부자간의 혈연 중심 관계에 대립하는지도 살핀다. 일부 남성 인물들이 감정에 치중하는 연인의 모습을 보이며 남성간의 유대를 약화시키는 결과에 이르는 아이러니한 상황 또한 살펴본다. 남성들이 이들 여성과 관련하여 남성성을 잃게 되는 과정을 분석함으로써 『헨리 6세』 2부와 3부에 담긴 가부장제의 양상과 여성 전사의 전복적 힘을 충실히 고찰하고자 한다.

Microphysogobio rapidus is designated as endangered species class I by Ministry of Environment, and its distribution and population have been gradually declining, and it is now limited to the Nam River and some tributary streams of the Nakdong River Watershed. For the restoration of this highly endangered species, it is important to identify the causes of the decline and establish appropriate restoration plans. However, due to lack of basic data and ecological research, most steps are stagnant. Therefore, in this study, we identified the differences in the physical, biological, and sociological habitats between current and past distributed sites through field surveys and literature reviews. As a result of the field survey, there were differences in conductivity between the current and past distributed sites, and fish communities were also showed differences. The literature data also showed that the physico-chemical values of the past distributed sites were generally unfavorable, which generated negative consequences on biological factors. In particular, the effects of urbanization were found to be a major factor affecting the habitat of M. rapidus. Habitat stabilization is crucial for the recovery of this endangered species. However, in the past distributed sites, disturbances such as stream development and weir construction have altered streams physico-chemically and result in changes of M. rapidus. Therefore, a comprehensive plan that considers both stream connectivity and water quality is needed to manage and restore the habitat of M. rapidus.

반려동물을 키우는 가구 수가 증가함에 따라 펫푸드(반려동물 식품) 산업이 급속하게 성장하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내외 펫푸드(반려동물 식품) 연구와 산업 현황을 살펴보 고, 국내 펫푸드 산업에 활용할 수 있는 기초 연구자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 펫푸드 산업은 반려동물 문화가 발달한 선진국 중심으로 발달되어 있으며, 반려동물 산업에서 지 출 비중이 매우 큰 분야이다. 해외의 경우 펫푸드관련 소비자 연구가 다각적으로 시행되 며, 제품개발을 하고 있다. 하지만 국내의 경우 국내 소비자 연구나 제품개발이 부족한 실정으로 국내 소비자 대상에 맞는 소비자 분석과 제품개발 연구가 필요하다.

This study analyzed habitat status of barn swallows within 800 m and changes in potential food resource occurrence for 63 nests (Seocheon 23, Sejong 40) where barn swallows breeding was confirmed in Seocheon and Sejong in 2019 and 2020. As a result of checking habitat compositions of barn swallows in the study area, Sejong showed more varieties of habitat types than Seocheon, showing a larger number of dominant groups. Such large number of dominant groups was found to be an advantageous habitat factor for producing flying insects as potential food resources for barn swallows. As for the production of potential food resources, Seocheon had the highest production in dwelling and stream and Sejong had the highest production in the stream. The production of potential food resources differed in production season by habitat type. This study analyzed compositions of the habitat around the breeding site of swallows. It provides basic data necessary for protecting barn swallow habitats by comparing the production timing and production volume of potential food resources occurring in the habitat.

The germination characteristics of the resting cysts of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii collected from the southern coastal sediments of Korea were studied at different temperature conditions, and the morphology and phylogeny of the germlings were examined. The resting cysts of Ph. hartmannii were round and characterized by a red accumulation body and many arrow-like spines and could germinate at temperature of 10 to 30°C. High germination rates (>90%) were observed at 15 and 20°C, indicating that the resting cysts could act as seed populations for the bloom initiation of Ph. hartmannii in Korean coastal waters in early summer or early fall. The morphology of the germlings was generally consistent with the previous description, and an apical groove characterized by a fully enclosed loop was observed. Phylogenetic analysis based on large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences revealed that the germlings shared an identical sequence with the Korean and American isolates of Ph. hartmannii and was a sister clade of Polykrikos species.

This study carried out from March 2021 to October 2021 in the upper part (St. 1) and middle part (St. 2) section of Yongsu stream, a branch of the Geum river, using PIT telemetry to understand the movement patterns and habitat characteristics of Odontobutis interrupta, a Korean endemic species. O. interrupta collection was used kick net (5×5 mm) and fish trap (5×5 mm). After collecting fish, PIT tag insertion was performed immediately in the site. Reader (HPR Plus Reader, biomark, USA) and portable Antenna (BP Plus Portable Antenna, biomark, USA) were used for detection of fish to monitoring the tagged O. interrupta. As a result of PIT telemetry applied to 70 individuals, mean movement distance was 36.5 (SE, ±6.6) m. There was a significant difference between total length and movement distance (P≤0.05). O. interrupta was mainly identified in average water depth, 36.2±1.9 cm, average water velocity, 0.03±0.07 m s-1 and average distance from watershed, 4.4±0.3 m. Extent of rock used for habitat was varied from 32 to 4,000 cm2. There was no statistical difference between the area of the first selected rock and the area of the after selected rock (P>0.05). but there was significant difference between total length and the area of the rock except for detection before 24 hours (P<0.01). Therefore, to restore the habitat, it is considered necessary to create various substrate structures by providing various habitat environments (water depth, flow rate, stone, etc.) for each individual size.