In this study, we investigated the Indoor and Outdoor concentrations of PM10 in Y area, Jeollanam-do. We conducted personal exposure concentration estimates, and Exposure and Risk Assessments using the Time-weighted Average Model. The concentration of Indoor PM10 was 49.38 μg/m3 and that of Outdoor PM10 was 48.02 μg/m3, with the Indoor/ Outdoor Ratio value being 1 or more, and it was found that there was an indoor source of pollution. The Indoor/Outdoor Cr ratio value was 1 or more, and the source of Cr was confirmed to be indoor. Based on our analysis, there was a positive correlation between heavy metals Ni, Cr, and Mn (p<0.05). Using the Time-Weighted Average model, we determined the PM10 personal exposure concentration to be 49.36 μg/m3 and confirmed the feasibility of this model in utilizing the PM10 personal exposure concentrations. In this study, the findings are likely to provide useful data that can be used to determine the concentration of indoor pollutants that are not easy to survey. However, to accurately evaluate indoor air quality, more factors need to be considered and evaluated.

This study investigated 180 students’ indoor environmental awareness of rest spaces and measured the indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO in 8 rest spaces from October 2019. 89.4% of the students responded that they use rest spaces at least once a day and most of the respondents are using rest spaces in the university. The largest number of students responded to the tight space as the main cause of air pollution in rest spaces. 62.1% of the students answered they experienced health symptoms from using rest spaces. Among them, 32.5% said they experienced irritation symptoms of eyes, neck, nose, and 12.1% answered that they experienced headaches. Indoor PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO levels did not exceed indoor air quality recommendations nor the maintenance standard for multi-use facilities. Indoor PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO levels did not exceed indoor air quality recommendations nor the maintenance standard for multi-use facilities. According to the type of rest space, concentrations of PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO were higher among the closed-type than open-type rest space. Even if the concentration of pollutants is less than the environmental standard, continuous exposure may cause negative health effects. In addition, considering that 62.1% of the respondents experienced health symptoms, it is deemed necessary to take measures to manage indoor environments in rest spaces and to develop measures to reduce pollutants.

In this study, 38 residents of the Jeonnam areas in Korea were assessed for their level of exposure to VOCs. The aim was to understand the difference in levels of indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure to VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene) and a health effect assessment was conducted to determine whether there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic elements from case and control group. Personal exposure to benzene showed a higher distribution than indoor and outdoor concentrations, and it was found that the average concentration of the case group was higher than that of the control group in all indoor, outdoor, and personal exposures. With regard to benzene, in the CTE, RME, and Monte-Carlo analysis, all subjects in the case group were seen to exceed the lifetime cancer risk of 10−6 defined by the US EPA and in the RME analysis the control group subjects were also seen to exceed the lifetime cancer risk of 10−6 defined by the US EPA. In the case of toluene, ethylbenzene on the CTE, RME, and Monte-Carlo analysis, the non-carcinogenic standard of 1 was not exceeded.

In this study, 40 residents of the Gwangyang and Yeosu areas were assessed for their level of exposure to heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni) from April 2017 to June 2018. The aim was to understand the differences in levels of indoor exposure to heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni), and a health risk assessment was conducted to determine whether there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic elements. The mean concentrations of PM10 particles indoors were As 0.24 μg/m3, Cd 0.07 μg/m3, and Ni 0.89 μg/m3. The health risk assessment for the arsenic, cadmium, and nickel in indoor air confirmed that the mean values exceeded the cancer risk tolerances specified by the U.S. EPA, for As (males 3.07 × 10−4, females 3.35 × 10−4), Cd (males 3.83 × 10−5, females 4.18 × 10−5), and Ni (males 6.36 × 10−5, females 6.95 × 10−5).

본 연구는 강산성차아염소산수(SAHW)와 초음파(UW)를 병용한 조미오징어 반가공품의 미생물 오염도 저감 기술을 개발하고자 수행되었다. SAHW의 유효염소농도는 69.67 ± 0.58 ppm, ORP는 1071.33 ± 4.16 mV, pH는 2.79 ± 0.05이었다. 오징어 반가공품을 중량대비 20배의 SHS에 120분간 침지하였을 때 일반세균은 1.49 log CFU/g, 황색포도상구균은 1.32 log CFU/g 감소하였으며, 대장균은 검출한계 이하로 감소하였다. 오징어 반가공품 중량대비 10배의 SAHW에 120분간 침지한 경우, 일반세균은 2.69 log CFU/g, 황색포도상구균은 1.74 log CFU/g 감소하였으며, 20배의 SAHW에 120분간 침지한 경우, 일반세균은 3.62 log lCFU/g, 황색포도상구균은 3.22 log CFU/g 감소하였으며, 대장균은 검출되지 않아 SAHW가 같은 유효염소농도의 SHS보다 살균력이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. SAHW 단독 처리만으로는 만족할 만한 미생물 저감효과를 얻을 수 없었기에 조미오징어 반가공품을 SAEW에 1차 침지 처리한 후, SAHW에 2차 침지 처리한 결과, 오징어 반가공품 중량 대비 20배의 SAEW로 60분 처리한 후, SAHW로 처리하였을 때는 중량대비 10배, 120분 처리, 중량대비 20배, 90분 처리로 일반세균수는 약 4.0 log CFU/g, 황색포도상구균은 규제치(log 2.0 CFU/g 이하) 이하로 감소하였으며 대장균은 검출되지 않았다. 초음파 세정기에 오징어 반가공품과 중량대비 20배의 TW, SHS, SAHW를 각각 넣어 UW 처리한 후 미생물 오염도를 조사한 결과, SAHW로 60분간 처리하였을 때 일반세균은 검출한계(< 1.00 log CFU/g) 이하로 감소하였으며 황색포도상구균은 규제치 이하로 감소하여 가장 좋은 저감효과를 나타내었다. 대장균의 경우, SAHW 10분간 처리로도 검출한계 이하로 감소하여 SAHW와 UW의 병용이 조미오징어 반가공품 미생물 저감화에 가장 효과가 좋은 것을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate exploratory wine consuming behavior based on demographic characteristics of wine consumers. A questionnaire was organized and distributed widely to a thousand of wine consumers who could be easily met at wine bars or restaurants, retail stores, wine expositions and wine sampling parties. Total of 793 completed questionnaires (Male: 48.4%, Female: 51.6%) were obtained and analyzed using SPSS package (v.10.0) program. The results of the present study discuss general demographic characteristics of participated subjects, the expenditure for wine, frequency and amount for wine taking, preference of the origin of wines, and preferred wine style. The results also show that why the consumers purchase wine, where they drink or purchase the wine, and what makes they prefer a particular wine bar. Consumers' information search behavior and important factor on wine selection process are presented at the end of the results as well. The current research suggests that gender and age are critical factors to understand wine consuming behavior of customers and improving the knowledge and service level of wine specialists is powerful marketing tool at practical fields.

대다수의 중·저층 RC 건물은 다양한 수평저항시스템으로 이루어져 있으며, 그 가운데에서도 취성적인 파괴성상을 나타내 는 전단파괴형 부재와 연성능력이 탁월한 휨파괴형 부재가 대표적이며, RC 건축물의 내진성능은 각 파괴모드를 나타내는 부재의 강도 및 변형특성의 조합으로 평가되어야한다. 본 연구에서는 전단 및 휨파괴형 부재가 혼합된 중·저층 RC 건물을 대상으로 반복가력실험을 수행하여 내진성능을 검토하였다.

본 연구에서는 비내진상세를 가지는 중⦁저층 R/C 건물의 1층 골조를 제작하여 무보강 실험체에 대한 구조실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 실험체는 부재각 1.33%에서 전단파괴를 나타내어, 비내진상세를 가지는 R/C 건물의 내진성능에 관한 중요한 자료를 획득하였다. 본 연구에서는 간주형 좌굴방지 강재 슬릿댐퍼 시스템을 개발하였으며 내진보강효과를 검증하기 위하여 구조실험에 선행하여 상기 국내 비내진상세 RC 골조 실험결과를 기반으로 비선형해석을 실시하였다.

방사선 임상 관련 분야에서 컴퓨터의 사용으로 인해 카세트 사용에서는 볼 수 없는 아티팩트가 만들어지고 있다. 고스팅 아티팩트는 평판형 박막 트랜지스터(Flat Panel Thin-Film Transistor) 배열 검출기를 사용할 때 발생될 수 있다. 특히 고선량의 방사선을 고대조도의 물질에 노출시킨 영상을 획득한 후, 바로 저선량의 조사가 이루어진 영상이 획득될 때 고스팅 아티팩트가 발생할 수 있다. 본 실험에서 고스팅 아티팩트가 육안 관찰시 3분에서 사라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 정량적 분석으로는 대략 6분에서 없어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이 아티팩트는 관전류보다는 관전압의 영향을 더 받는다는 사실과 노출에 의한 포획전하의 방출이 아닌 시간에 의해 포획전하가 소멸된다는 사실을 실험을 통해 검증할 수 있었다.