The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between international oil price as a fuel cost in overseas fisheries and skipjack tuna price as a part of main products in overseas fisheries using monthly time series data from 2008 to 2017. The study also tried to analyze the change of fishing profits by fuel cost. For a time series analysis, this study conducted both the unit-root test for stability of data and the Johansen cointegration test for long-term equilibrium relations among variables. In addition, it used not only the Granger causality test to examine interactions among variables, but also the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model to estimate statistical impacts among variables used in the model. Results of this study are as follows. First, each data on variables was not found to be stationary from the ADF unit-root test and long-term equilibrium relations among variables were not found from a Johansen cointegration test. Second, the Granger causality test showed that the international oil prices would directly cause changes in skipjack tuna prices. Third, the VAR model indicated that the posterior t-2 period change of international oil price would have an statistically significant effect on changes of skipjack tuna prices. Finally, fishing profits from skipjack would be decreased by 0.06% if the fuel cost increases by 1%.

The feeding habits of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis were analyzed using samples by large purse seine fishery in Korean waters from 2012 to 2017. The number of samples was 1,274 and the fork-length (FL) ranged from 34.6 to 218.0 cm. According to %IRI, the Important main prey items of immature individuals (below 91.4 cm in FL) were Pisces, Cephalopoda and Euphausiacea and those of mature individuals were Cephalopoda and Pisces. T. orientalis showed ontogenetic changes in prey item that Pisces was dominated in size class of 30-89 cm (FL), Cephalopoda in 90-179 cm (FL), and Pisces above 180 cm. As for seasonal changes in prey item, Cephalopoda was dominant in spring and Pisces was dominant in summer, autumn and winter. %F, %N, %W and %IRI cluster analysis divided area into three groups: Group A was dominated by Pisces; Group B was dominated by Cephalopoda, and Group C was dominated by Euphausiacea.

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) has been mostly caught by the Korean offshore large purse seine fishery in Korean waters. The annual catch of Pacific bluefin tuna caught by the offshore large purse seine fishery in Korean waters showed less than 1,000 mt until the 1990s except for 1997. The catch sharply increased to 2,401 mt in 2000 and recorded the highest of 2,601 mt in 2003, but the catch has generally decreased with a fluctuation thereafter. The main fishing ground of Pacific bluefin tuna of this fishery is formed around Jeju Island. However, it expanded to the Yellow Sea, the coastal of Busan, and the East Sea, which depends on the migration patterns of Pacific bluefin tuna by season. The CPUE standardization of Pacific bluefin tuna was conducted using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to assess the proxy of the abundance index. The data used for the GLM were catch (weight), effort (number of hauls), catch ratio of Pacific bluefin tuna, moon phase by year, quarter and area. The standardized CPUE from 2004 to 2011, except for 2003 and 2010, showed a steady trend, and then increased until 2014. The CPUE in 2015 decreased, and in 2016 was higher than that in 2015. The result of GLM suggests that the effect of the catch ratio of Pacific bluefin tuna is the largest factor affecting the nominal CPUE.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of distant-water longline fishing vessels in the Pacific Ocean and the gap in efficiencies among individual vessels. In order to estimate the efficiency, the dependent variable is set as an amount of catch and independent variables include number of crew, number of hooks, number of vessel size, and vessels engine power associated with fishing activities of distant water longline fisheries. Analytical result was shown as follows: first, the average efficiency of distant-water longline fishing vessels in the Pacific Ocean was found to be 94%. Second, the number of hooks were found to be statistically significant in each input variable and the appropriate control of the number of hooks would be expected to have a positive effect on the efficiency. Third, the relationship between the age of a vessel and the efficiency was not found statistically.

저자들은 십이지장의 팽대부에서 발견된 종양에 대해 조직검사를 시행, 신경내분비종으로 판단하여 내시경적 유두부 절제술을 시행하였으며 신경절세포 부신경절종으로 진단된 증례를 경험하였으며, 신경절세포 부신경절종이 내시경적 유두부절제술로 성공적으로 치료되었기에 문헌고찰과 더불어 보고하는 바이다.

『懐かしい年への手紙』は僕が語る物語として読み取れる。だがＫ ちゃんと呼ばれる僕の過去は他者の記憶を受け入れて再構築されたものである。他者の記憶は森の中の谷間の村からの手紙や電話、ギー兄さんの翻訳文や僕が書いた小説、そして新聞記事として語られている。そのように、僕の物語言説の影には引用を通しての情報、僕の創作に向かう情報、そして自己省察による反省と他者の指摘による反省が混在されているといえるし、それが語り手として照応する。本稿ではそのように語り手のメタファーとして機能するものを語り手的装置と定義し、懐かしい年への手紙における語り手の物語言説を僕と語り手的装置に分離して論じた。その結果森の中の谷間の村に関する僕の記憶が僕と語り手的装置の混在している物語言説によって語られているのが確認できた。したがって僕が語る物語は森の中の谷間の村の 神話として再構築された記憶の物語であるという解釈が可能になる。 　僕＝語り手の解体、それがもたらした結果は二つある。一つ目は僕が他者との記憶を共有し、森の中の谷間の村を多様な物語言説として発信することができたということだ。すなわち僕が他者の記憶を受け入れ森の中の谷間の村での経験を物語内容として再構築する。その結果いま・ここの僕の物語言説が変化する。二つ目は僕が受け入れた情報によって僕の人生をギー兄さんの人生とともに物語言説として語ることができた。僕が物語言説として記憶を再構築するということは僕と森の中の谷間の村の人々が記憶することを再現して共有することだ。だから僕の物語言説が時間を順行と逆行に交錯していることは書き手として介入した結果ではなく、僕が順行と逆行の交差が行われた時間を記憶として受け入れたからだ。 最後に現実と夢の時間、僕と他者、そして都市と森の中の谷間 の村に分かれた二項構造を解体し、再び多項構造として再構築する。そ の再構築に必要なのは以前の作品から構造化された一人称の僕のみであったといえる。次第にその構造から生み出された物語言説の中で、同一化された僕は反復と差異、照応と羅列の物語言説として解体される。しかし僕という語り手は物語内容として登場しながら再びその物語内容に閉じ込められてはならない。したがって、僕の物語言説が僕の記憶だけを語ることに閉じ込められる直前、語り手的装置が僕の痕跡を消している。そのように、僕と語り手的装置の物語言説が混在して僕の物語に照応した虚構への同化を拒んだ時、リアリティーの根幹に据える物語言説が生まれる。これこそが懐かしい年への記憶を語るため、僕が試みた三人称体の物語言説であろう。

『万延元年のフットボール』と『広場』、二つの作品の間にはいかなる接点もないように思われる。が、大江健三郎と崔仁勳、そして作品の内的空間に焦点を合わせるとサルトルの実存からフーコーのヘテロトピアまでつながる相互関係が見える。現実世界の実存として人々が自由でいられるユートピアを夢見たのが万延元年のフットボールでの都市というならば、蜜三郎と鷹四と菜採子はその都市でそれぞれ挫折を経験している。しかし万延元年のフットボールが語っているのはその挫折から再び立ち直るために帰るトポスとして想定されている谷間の村である。その谷間の村は百年前からの歴史的時間をそのまま持ち続けているトポスであるし、現在には朝鮮人が運営するスーパー・マーケットによる経済支配に左右されている。本研究はこのような谷間の村を今までユートピアとして見なしてきた先行研究から第三の他なる空間としてフーコーが取り上げた、目的の多様性がみとめられているへテロトピアとして新しい解釈を試みる。そのため、万延元年のフットボールから見られるトポス的移動をユートピア探しではなく、へテロトピアへの回帰であることをより一層明確にするための方法として、冒頭に挙げた崔仁勲の広場と比較する。広場はいままで韓国の文学史では実存のイデオロギー的解釈によって位置づけられてきた。結論から先に言うと、広場はマクロ的には社会的空間をめぐる回帰性の強い実存的な空間構造を持っているが、ミクロ的に具体化すると個人的空間への脱出として解釈することができる。その脱出の意味を崔仁勲において相対化してみると、個人が持ったトラウマを一九五〇年代韓国社会が持った社会的特殊性と結びつけ、戦時イデオロギーから脱出できたと言い換えることができる。そして、従来の実存のイデオロギー的解釈を超えることがこの大江の万延元年のフットボールとの比較によって、できるのではないかと期待する。

The objective of this study was to improve the efficiency of bovine embryo transfer by transferring of Hanwoo embryos into Hanwoo or Holstein recipients. The cryopreserved or fresh in vitro produced(IVP) embryos were transferred into uterine horn contralaterally or ipsilaterally to the corpus luteum. The recipients were inseminated by artificially on the next day of estrus. The pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation at 60∼90 days after transfer of the embryos. The pregnancy rate by transfer of one or two embryos was 78%(7/9) and 74%(31/42), respectively. The pregnancy rates according to the grade of corpus lutea of recipients was 75% (20/27) and 82.0%(18/22) at the grade of A and B, respectively. Ten(67.0%) of 15 Holstein recipients transferred with IVP Hanwoo embryos and 5(42.0%) of 12 Holstein recipients transferred with frozen IVP Hanwoo embryos were pregnant. The single and twin calving ratio in Hanwoos was 77.0%(10/13) and 23.0%(3.13) in the recipients transferred with IVP embryos and 64.0%(7/10) and 27.0%(3/10) in the recipients transferred with frozen IVP embryos, respectively. Twenty-four pregnant cows following transfer of IVP embryos, 21(88.0%) calved the normal calves, and 2(8.3%) aborted. When the frozen IVP embryos were transferred, 16 pregnant cows calved 14(88.0%) normal calves and 2(13.0%) aborted. In conclusion, when one or two IVP bovine embryos were transferred into recipients, the A and B grade of corpus luteum resulted in high pregnancy rates. For the production of twin calves, transfer of the IVP or frozen IVP embryos could be suitable.

형상 최적설계에서 절점의 재배치 및 형상 민감도 계산은 많은 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 구조물의 형상을 Bezier 곡선을 이용하여 표현하고, 민감도 계산을 위하여 개선된 직접미분법을 이용한다. 그리고, 절점의 재배치에는 변위장을 수정한 속도장을 이용한다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 자중을 고려한 외팔보와 3차원 저널베어링을 수치예제로 선택하여 본 연구의 기법들을 적용한 형상 최적설계를 해석한다.

본 연구에서는 Boland C언어를 사용하여 최적설계 수행에 필요한 작업을 쉽게 수행할 수 있는 전처리기와 후처리기를 개발하였다. 전처리기는 선택된 최적설계 알고리즘에 필요한 입력 데이터나 서브루틴 작성을 도와준다. 후처리기에서는 반복 계산중에 생성된 수치값을 그래프로 도시해 줌으로써 문제에 대한 전반적인 파악이 가능하도록 하였다. 수치예제는 선형문제와 삼부재 구조물에 대해서 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 모티프(Motif), ANCI-C, Fortran 언어를 사용하여 그래픽 입출력과 대화식 입력이 가능하며, 최적설계 수행에 필요한 모든 작업을 같이 병행할 수 있는 최적설계 통합환경을 개발하였다. 최적설계 통합환경은 전처리기(preprocessor), 최적설계부, 후처리기(postprocessor)로 구성하였다. 전처리기에서는 유한요소모형의 구성에 필요한 정보를 입력한 후 사용자가 입력한 정보를 즉시 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 최적설계부에서는 전처리기에서 입력한 유한요소 정보를 바탕으로 최적설계 매개변수를 정의하고, 해를 구하는 과정으로 구성하였다. 후처리기에서는 구조물의 변형, 응력, 목적함수의 변화 등의 해석 결과를 가시화 함으로써 결과에 대한 비교.검토를 용이하게 하였다.