제타 전위란 분리막 표면이 가지는 전하적 특성을 정량화한 값이며, 분리막 표면의 Zeta potential을 측정 함으로써 막의 표면 개질의 정도와 막의 fouling 및 세척과 관련된 중요한 지수로 많이 적용되고 있다. 현재 평막 형태의 막은 상용화된 제타 전위 측정기로 쉽게 측정 가능 하나 중공사 형태의 경우 측정이 어려운 경우가 많다. 그러나 중공사 형태도 측정가능한 cell을 이용하여 외면 및 내면의 streaming potential 측정이 가능하다. 수처리 분리막 뿐만 아니라 부직포 형태의 필터 또한 처리된 코팅액과 관련하여 표면의 개질정도를 파악 할 수 있으며, 제거대상물질의 전하와 관련하여 흡착 및 배제 정도를 파악 할 수 있는 중요한 인자가 될 수 있다.

The principal objective of the present study was to survey the demands of an education program for evaluations of the efficacy of health functional foods. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 2,225 members of the Biofood Network Center. A total of 101 (4.6%) individuals responded, 54.5% of the respondents were male and 45.5% were female; the respondents' occupations (in order of prevalence) were as follows: company worker (48.5%)〉researcher (27.7%)〉student (13.9%)〉professor (5.0%)〉pharmacist (2%), and dietitian (2%). The businesses in which the respondents worked were (again in order of prevalence) as follows: research & development (64.4%)〉marketing (11.9%)〉consultation and education (5.9%)〉manufacturing and others (17.9%). 41.6% of the respondents reported experience in businesses relevant to KFDA approval for functional ingredients and health functional foods. The results showed that 63.4% of the respondents had previously been educated about functional foods; the types of education program reported were (in order of prevalence): 'overview and acts of health functional food' (n=49)〉'standards and specification for health functional food' (n=41)〉'efficacy evaluation-human study' (n=24)〉'safety evaluation' (n=21)〉'efficacy evaluation-in vivo study' (n=13)〉and 'others' (n=10). Respondents preferred off-line education programs (62.4%) to on-line programs (22.8%). The preferred duration of an educational program was '2~3 days: total 14~24 hours' (30.7%); thus, short-term programs were favored. The primary requirements of a program, from the perspective of the learner, were as follows (scored on a 7-point scale); 'efficacy evaluation and case study-human study' (5.80 points)〉'standards and specification for health functional food' (5.72 points)〉safety evaluation' (5.7 points)〉'overview and acts of health functional food' (5.67 points) and 'efficacy evaluation methods of health functional food by efficacy (intensive)' (5.67 points). Preference for functionality was as follows; 'body weight & body fat' (21.8%), 'immune function' (18.8%) 〉 'blood glucose' (10.9%). In summary, the educational demand for 'efficacy evaluation and case study' was highest among the curriculum options provided, and with regard to functionality, 'body weight & body fat', 'immune function' and 'skin care' were considered most important by respondents. These results differed among respondents with different jobs and duties, and this suggests that customized education programs for health functional food should be developed.

본 연구는 물리역학적 특성을 고려한 점탄성 감쇠기의 수치모델에 의한 강뼈대구조물의 지진응답개선에 관해서 조사하고자 한다. 온도변화에 의한 감쇠기 이력거동에 미치는 영향을 고려하기 위하여, 점탄성 감쇠기의 모델은 온도-주기 등가원리와 더불어 개선된 분수도함수법에 기초하여 정식화하였다. 본 감쇠기 모델의 알고리즘을 일반화된 강뼈대구조물의 비선형 동적 해석 프로그램에 추가하였다. 강뼈대구조물에 대한 해석 예를 통하여, 제시된 모델에 의한 점탄성 감쇠기의 지진응답개선에 관한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

이 논문은 금년 2월 22일 일본 시마네현이 이른바 ‘죽도의 날’ 행사에 맞춰 발행한 『竹島問題 100問 100答』 책자에 대해 모순을 밝히는데 있다. 본문에서도 언급하고 있지만 일본 은 이 책자를 통해 독도가 일본 땅 임을 일반 성인은 물론 초중고등 학교 청소년들에게 교육시키기 위해서 발행했다. 책자내용은 한국의 독도영유권 주장에 대해 부정하는 입장을 취하고 있다. 특히 이 책이 주장하고 있는 내용은, 첫째, 본래 한국 측에는 독도의 영유권을 주장할 역사적인 권원이 없으며, 한국 측의 논리를 ｢역사적, 지리적, 국제법적으로｣ 검증했 을 때 정당한지를 규명하는 것이라고 밝히고 있다. 둘째, 1905년 독도편입은 메이지 정부 에 의한 영유의사의 ‘재확인’이자, 근대 국제법상으로 유효하고 적법한 행위였음을 강조하 고 있다. 그리고 셋째, ‘고유영토론’과 ‘무주지선점론’을 융합시켜 논리적 충돌을 제거하려 했던 노력이 강화된 형태로 반복되고 있으며 동시에 국제법을 서술하는 부분에서는 독도를 ‘무주지’로 규정하는 표현 자체를 자제하려는 경향이 엿보이고 있다. 이 책의 이러한 논리에 대해 저자는 일본의 독도영유권주장에 대해 사실에 입각해 논리적으로 반박하고 동시에 일본의 독도영유권주장이 허구임을 밝히고 있다.

제2차 아베내각이 들어선지 1년이 되었다. 그간 한일관계는 독도와 과거사문제가 양국의 현안이 되면서 지난 1965년 국교정상화 이래로 최악의 상황을 맞고 있다. 또한 일본의 헌법 개정움직임과 집단적자위권행사를 위한 법적조치는 한일관계 뿐만이 아니라 동북아시아에도 긴장관계를 고조시키고 있다. 그렇다면 아베정부는 왜 주변국의 우려에도 불구하고 우경화정책을 고집하고 있는 것일까? 이는 두 가지로 요약 될 수 있다. 첫째, 1990년 이래로 계속되는 경제 불황과 실업자증가로 인한 국내정치의 불안요인을 잠재우기위한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 일본국내정치의 우경화정책을 통한 정권의 안정과 부상하는 중국에 대응하기위한 군비증강이다. 하지만 일본의 이러한 국내외적 요인이 한일관계에 악영향을 주고 있다. 그래서 이 논문은 아베내각의 우경화정책이 한일관계에 미치는 문제점 분석과 한미일의 입장을 이해하는 데 목적을 둔다.

Mobile sources produce a significant fraction of total anthropogenic emissions in Korea and have harmful effects on air quality. Mobile emissions are intrinsically difficult to estimate due to complicated road networks and variations of traffic volume with location and time. To measure traffic pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions a mobile laboratory was designed. The mobile laboratory provide concentrations of SO2, CO, NO, NO2 and location coordinate value. This approach allowed for pollutant level measurements on many roads within short periods of time. In this study, on-road concentrations of SO2, CO, NO and NO2 were measured using mobile platform measurement along the 25 main roads in Busan to estimate the average air pollution level in short time difference. The measurements were conducted on favorable meteorological days from 2010 to 2012 and the overall concentrations of SO2, CO, NO and NO2 were 0.006, 0.8, 0.182 and 0.055 ppm respectively. The result showed that the concentration of CO, NO and NO2 on road were twice, 18 times and 2.5 times higher than regional air quality monitoring sites mean in same period.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the noise level and source, reduce the subway lineⅡ noise. As a result of measurement of subway line Ⅱ in Busan the highest value section of uproad line was from Jigegol to Motgol by 89 dB(A). The sections of conversation and listening interference(over 80 dB(A)) were 21 sections(55%) of 38 sections. Among these sections, 15 sections(71%) were produced rolling noise, 3 sections(14%) squeal noise, 2 sections(10%) braking noise and 1 section(5%) fan noise, and then a main noise source was the rolling noise. In case of downroad line, the highest value section was from Busan Metro Art Museum to Centum city, Motgol to Jigelgol by 88 dB(A). The sections of conversation and listening interference(over 80 dB(A)) were 18 sections(47%) of 38 sections. Among these sections, 15 sections(83%) produced rolling noise, 2 sections(11%) squeal noise and 1 section(6%) braking noise were investigated in this study. and then a main noise source was the rolling noise.

The purpose of this study is designed to estimate the air quality of subway stations that have the underground platforms in Pusan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seventimes. The subjects include Yonsan-dong station, Somyon station, Pusan station, Nampo-dong station, and Tushil station. The samplings were conducted at three points of each station, i.e. gates, ticket gates, and platforms. The major materials for analysis were CO, NO, NO2, and O3. The experiment was conducted at 7:00 pm with KIMOTO HS-7 Handy sampler and Tedlar Bag of SKC INC(U.S.A). In order to more fully understand station environments, we also measured temperature at each point. The results showed that O3 average concentration at Yonsan-dong station was higher than others with 38～51 ppb. The average concentration of NO was high at ticket gate and platform at Somyon station(119 ppb, 122 ppb), Nampo-dong station(102 ppb, 100 ppb). These results show that the air pollution of stations with underground shopping malls was higher than others. At Somyon station having a junction station, NO and NO2 concentration level of platform-2(noncrowded) was higher than platform-1(crowded). This is most likely due to the accumulation of air pollutants and inadequate ventilation systems.

After analyzing the correlation between air pollution and visibility, TSP and NO2 is responsible for poor visibility in Pusan. After analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and visibility, general pattern of humidity has clear negative correlation. The variation of wind speed has a positive correlation. In order to investigate the cause of poor visibility in Pusan area, the Andersen sampler and PM-2.5 are used to collect and analyze aerosol. This study was carried out to monitor the visibility using Forward scattering meter and to find out the characteristics and the cause of good visibility case and poor visibility case by measuring and analyzing a variety of parameters, such as particle size distributions, chemical compositions, and meteorological conditions in Pusan. According to the analysis of intensive sampling, NO3-, NH4+ ion concentration increased together with the mass concentration around 0.5∼2.5㎛ approximately during the case of poor visibility. NH4NO3, NH4Cl, and NaCl were thought to be the major components of fine particles.