Biodegradable films were prepared by solution blending method in the weight ratio of Chitosan and Algin for the purpose of useful bioimplants. The possibility of bioimplants, which prepared from natural polymers as a akin substitute and food wrapping materials were evaluated by measuring the biodegradability. these biodegradable films were inserted in the back of rats and their biodegradability was investigated by hematological change as a function of time. Rats study showed that low-Chitosan induced increments of monocyte and basophil after 48 hours of implantation. And medium-Chitosan showed increase of lymphocyte and decreased neutrophil counts after 48hours of implantation. Low, medium Chitosan showed high hemoglobin contents, medium and high Chitosan showed high hematocrit value after 48 hours of implantation. As a result, medium, high-Chitosan induced potential incompatibility in the tissue after 48 hours, but there was little effects to the akin inflammation. The values of biodegradable films, which prepared from natural polymers measured in this study were some satisfiable results at short period with those of ideal akin bioimplants and artificial skin.

작약 재배지 뿌리혹선충 조사는 의성과 영천지역에서 실시하였다. 조사된 131개의 포장중에서 102개 포장에서 뿌리혹선충이 검출되었다. 감염된 포장의 57.8%에서 토양 300ml당 31마리 이상의 높은 밀도를 보였고, 밭에서는 논보다 기생밀도가 높았다. 사양토에서 식양토보다 높은 밀도로 서식하고 있었다. 토양의 물리화학적특성은 뿌리혹선충의 밀도에 영향을 주었는데 높은 기생을 보인 포장에서 OM, , pH함량이 낮았다. 또한 높은 유충의 밀도를 보인 포장에서는 선충밀도가 낮거나 감염되지 않았던 포장보다도 석회요구량이 높았다.

The field of printing use to pressurization ink using screen gassamer that is called screen printing. Existing cleaning solvent using screen printing are the organic solvents including aromatic compounds carried with poisonous and stench. Besides, cleaning method of current screen printing are for the most part mixed cleaning method of dipping and polish. Using 1,1,1-TCE, CFC-113 alternative system cleaning solvent be substituted for existing cleaning solvent against screen printing ink measured the cleaning efficiency according to gravimetric analysis method and property change of gassamer according to Image Analyzer. Also, Cleaning process system carry with excellent cleaning efficiency studied which was proposed new cleaning process including ultrasonic and vibration cleaning process be substituted for existing mixed cleaning method of dipping and polish.

Furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives were synthesis, it was measured that nucleophilic addition made use of UV at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 30% dioxane-H2O solution, 25℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, confirmation of nucleophilic addition products, it was measured the reaction rate of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives for the pH change. It may be concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion: Above pH 10.0. sulfide anion adds to the double bond (Michael type addition), a part having no concern with pH, addition reaction to double bond is initiated by addition of neutral thiourea molecule. From the result of measurement the reaction rate, nucleophilic addition of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives confirmed to the irreversible first order. Through measurement the substituent effect. It found that reaction rate was accelerated by electron attracting group. On the basis of these findings, nucleophilic addition of thiourea for the furfurylidene acetophenone derivative was proposed a fitting mechanisms.

Fluorenylidene chalcone derivatives were synthesized by condensation. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of UV, melting point, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The nucleophilic addition reaction kinetics of Thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was investigate by UV in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃. The rate equation which were applied over a wide pH1.0~13.0 range. On the basis of general base catalysis and confirmation of addition reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion reaction kinetics of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone were measured by the pH change. From the result of the above caption, a plausible nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was proposed. These compounds may be used as the starting materials for the preparation of the engineering plastics or the germicide.

Benzoyl styrene derivatives were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. It was measured that nucleophilic addition of thiourea for benzoyl styrene made use of ultraviolet spectrophotometery at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 5% dioxane-H2O at 40℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, and confirmation of addtion reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion kinetics of thiourea for benzoylstyrene derivatives were measured by pH change. It maybe concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion : Above pH 10.0. It was in propotion to concentration of hydroxide ion, a part having no concern with pH was added to the neutral thiourea molecule. From the results of measurement the reaction rate and there findings, nucleophilic addition of thiourea to benzoylstyrene derivative was proposed a fitting mechanism.

The kinetics of the addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives(X : H, p-Br, p-CH3 m-CH3, p-OCH3) was investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20%(v/v) dioxane-H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) was obtained. In order to investigate the substituent effects of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives. Hammett constant was plotted. As the result, the rate of uncleophilic addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was facilitated by electron donating group. It was found that addition of neutral thiourea which was not dissociated at the pH 1.0~9.0 was proceeded, the reaction was proceeded by addition of dissociated anion of thiourea above the pH 10.0. On the basis of this kinetic study, the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic addition of thiourea was investigated.

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of indolylacrylophenone derivatives(IA) was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 30% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ Rate equations were obtained over a wide pH range. On the basis of rate equation, general base catalysis and Hammett's plot, the mechanism of hydrolysis to the (IA) were proposed: Below pH 3.0, the hydrolysis of (IA) was proportional to hydronium ion concentration, between pH 4.0~9.0 neutral water molecule and hydroxide ion were added to carbon-carbon double bond and over pH 10.0 hydrolysis of (IA) was proportional to hydroxide ion concentration.

해양 가이드 타워를 대상으로 하여 지진하중에 대한 심해용 구조물의 비정상 거동해법에 대하여 연구하였다. 지반운동의 비정상 특성을 정상과정 성분에 시간포락함수가 곱해진 형태로 모형화하였으며, 구조물의 비정상 거동은 시간종속 분산함수로 구하였다. 지진의 시간포락함수와 정상과정 성분의 자기상관함수를 지수함수로 수식화하여 나타냄으로써, 구조물 거동의 시간종속 분산값을 해석적인 방법으로 구할 수 있는 기법을 개발하였다. 시간에 따른 거동의 분산값을 기본자료로 하여 지진의 발생기간 동안 예상되는 최대거동을 구하였으며, 이 값을 구조물 거동을 정상과정으로 가정하여 산정한 결과와 비교 분석하였다.

교량, 발전소, 해양구조물과 같은 토목구조물은 사용기간중에 지진, 바람, 파랑하중등에 의해 구조적 손상을 받기 쉽다. 장기간에 걸쳐 구조물에 손상이 누적되면 구조물 전체의 파괴를 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서 현존하는 구조물의 안전성을 분석하기 위한 구조물의 손상도를 추정하는 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Inverse Modal Perturbation기법을 이용하여 구조물의 손상도를 추정하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. Perturbation식은 구조물의 강성 및 질량행렬의 변화량과 구조물의 고유진동수와 모우드형상의 변화량의 식으로 구성된다. 또한 구조물의 손상은 강성행렬의 변화량으로 표현하였다. 본 연구에서는 구조물의 손상도추정의 효율성을 증대시키기 위하여 2차-Perturbation식을 구성하고, 이것을 반복적인 절차를 거쳐 해를 구하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 제안된 방법의 효율성은 일련의 예제해석을 통하여 검증하였으며, 추정된 결과로 부터 본 방법이 구조물의 손상을 적절히 산정함을 알 수 있었다.

The kinetics of the addition of 1-benzylindole-3-(p-substituted) acetophenone derivatives was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 30% dioxane -H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The Substituent effects on 1-benzylindole-3-(p-substituted) acetophenone derivatives were studied, and addition were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the base of the rate equation, substituent effect, and general base effect the plausible addition mechanism was proposed : Below pH 3.0, only neutral thiourea molecule was added to the carbon-carbon double bond, and in the range of pH 0.0~14.0, netural thiourea molecule and thiourea anion competitively attacted the double bond. By contrast, above pH 10.0, the reaction was dependent upon only the addition of thiourea anion.

The kinetics of hydrolysis of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives (rho-H, rho-Br, P-Cl, rho-OCH3) was investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20%(v/v) dicxane-H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range (pH 1.0~13.0) was obtained. In order to investigate the substituent effects on cinnarnenylisophorone derivatives, Hammett constant was plotted. As the result, the rate of hydrolysis of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was facilitated by electron donating group. Final products of the hydrolysis were benzaldehyde and isophorone, From the measurement of reaction rate constant according to pH changes, substituent effect, and final products, it was found that the hydrolysis of cinnarnenylisophorone derivatives was initiated by the neutral H2O molecule which does not dissociated at below pH 9.0, and in the range of pH 9.0~11.0 this reaction occurs by H2O or hydroxide ion competitively, but proceeded by the hydroxide ion above pH 11.0. On the basis of this kinetic study, the reaction mechanism of the hydrolysis of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was proposed.

해양가이드-타워에 관하여 폭풍 발생시, 계류장치 고정말뚝의 파괴를 주안점으로 한 신뢰도해석 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 말뚝의 파괴는 최대하중에 대한 것과 반복하중에 대한 것의 두가지 조건을 고려하였다. 최대하중으로 인한 파괴확률은 최초발생확률의 산정방법을 사용하였다. 반면, 반복하중으로 인한 파괴확률은 점토층에 타설된 말뚝에 대한 피로곡선을 바탕으로하여 구하였다. 불규칙파랑에 대한 구조물의 동적해석은 비선형문제의 선형화를 통한 주파수영역 해석으로부터 효율적으로 수행되었다. 수치해석결과, 말뚝지지력의 평균 안전도가 낮고 이의 분산계수가 클수록, 반복하중으로 인한 파괴확률이 최대하중으로 인한 파괴확률과 같은 수준으로 커짐을 알 수 있었다.

The rate constants for the addition reaction of thiourea to nitrone derivatives were determind at various pH and reaction rate equation which could be applied over a wide pH were obtained. The substituent effects and general base catalysis for the addition of thiourea to nitrone derivatives were observed. On the basis of these findings, a plausible reaction mechanism for the nucleophilic addition of thiourea to nitrone was proposed.

The Kinetics of the addition of benzalacetophenone derivatives was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 5% dioxane H2O at 50℃. A rate equation was obtained in wide range of pH. The substituent effects on benzalacetophenone derivatives were studied, and addition were facilitated by electron attracting groups. The final product was benzalacetophenone-β-thioglycolic acid synthesized by the addition of thioglycolic acid to benzalacetophenone. On the base of the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect and final product, the plausible addition mechanism was proposed: Below pH 9.0, only neutral thioglycolic acid molecule was added to the carbon-carbon double bond, and in the range of pH 9.0~11.0, neutral thioglycolic acid molecule and thioglycolic acid anion competitively attacted the double bond. By contrast, above pH 11.0, the reaction was dependent upon only the addition of thioglycolic acid anion.

The Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives has been investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 5% dioxane - H2O at 50℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The substituent effect on the hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives were facilitated by electron attracting groups. Based on the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect, activation parameters and final product, the hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives seems to be initiated by the netural molecule of H2O which does not dissociate at below pH 9.0 but proceeded by the hydroxide ion at above pH 11.0. In the range of pH 9.0~11.0 these two reactions occur competitively.

가변 압축비 기관(C. F. R.)에 ionization gap probe를 피스톤 및 실린터 헤드 sleeve에 설치하여 화염거동에 대하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 혼합연료에서 화염전파속도는 메타놀 함량에 따라 증가한다. 2) 혼합연료에서 메타놀 percent가 증가하면 에너지 소모비 (Btu/HP-hr)가 감소하여 열효율은 증가한다. 3) 당량비가 일정하면 평균유효압력은 메타놀 량이 증가할수록 감소한다. 4) 순수한 가솔린 및 혼합연료는 점화진각이 클수록 NO 하(X) 방출량은 증가하고 희박 혼합기 영역에서 NO 하(X) 방출량은 최대가 된다. 또 RG50/M40/THF10/W1의 연료에서는 당량비가 0.95이하에서는 당양비가 낮을수록, 점화진각이 높을수록 NO 하(X) 방출량은 증가하고, 0.95 이상에서는 당량비와 점화진각이 클수록 방출량은 감소한다. 5) CO, HC의 최소값은 메타놀 함유량이 높을수록 감소한다.

This paper presents the experimental results for reinforcement effect for FRP strengthened steel structures. Bond behavior, flexural, and compression were conducted. First, from bond test, it was able to examine the interfacial behavior and to evaluate the interfacial bond stress between AFRP plate and steel plates. Second, for flexural test, maximum load was increased with increasing FRP layer. Also, debonding failure was observed between steel plates and FRP plates. Third, for compression, for short columns it was observed that two sides would typically buckle outward and the other sides would buckle inward. Also, for long columns, overall buckling observed. The maximum load was increased up to 33% for slender section short columns. From the test, it was able to verify the reinforcement effect for FRP strengthened steel structures.

마늘 유기재배에서 마늘 잎마름병에 대한 친환경방제제의 방제효과를 조사하였다. 56종의 친환경방제제를 대상으로 Stemphylium botryosum 포자 발아억제시험을 96 well plate에서 실시하여 그중에서 구리화합물제제, 식물추출물제제, 황화합물제제, 황·탄산나트륨제제 그리고 키토산액 등 5종을 선발하여 2012년과 2013년에 걸쳐서 마늘재배포장에서 잎마름병 방제효과와 마늘생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 2012년 시험에서 방제효과가 우수한 구리화합물제제와 키토산제제를 대상으로 2013년에 다시 잎마름병 방제효과를 조사한 결과 화학약제인 안트라콜의 방제가에 대비하여 각각 54%와 90%의 방제효과가 나타났으며 무처리에 대비하여 16%와 34%의 수량성 향상효과가 나타났다. 구리화합물제제와 키토산제제로 잎마름병 방제시 화학약제 방제에 대비하여 상품화 가능한 마늘은 각각 79%와 93%였으며 무처리에 대비할 경우 수량이 각각 16%와 34% 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로 키토산액은 마늘 잎마름병 방제용 친환경제제로 활용될 가능성이 높은 친환경제제임을 확인할 수 있었다.