Recently, the mineral resource protection policies and regulations in production countries of natural resources including rare metals are becoming more stringent. Such environment makes which market has malfunction. In other word, those are not perfect or pure market. Therefore because each market of natural resources have special or unique characters, it is difficult to forecast their market prices. In this study, we constructed several models to estimate prices of natural resources using statistical tools like ARIMA and their business indices. And for examples, Indium and Coal were introduced.

Main topics in this study is a new structural detail for connection between H-Steel or SRC column and flat plate slab. We carried out to evaluate the punching shear performance of H-steel or SRC column + RC slab system for vertical load and lateral load. From the test results structural characteristics - yield moment, yield rotation, maximum moment, deformation capabilities ect. - are obtained and evaluated. In this paper as a shear reinforcement for supporting region of plate closed stirrup type and shear band are used, and their test results are compared.

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the punching shear performance of H-steel column + RC slab system for vertical load. Three specimens were constructed for interior column-slab system. All specimens were the same configuration and material properties except for columns such as RC column+flat plate slab and H-Steel column+flat plate slab. From the test results structural characteristics (maximum proof stress, maximum displacement, deformation capabilities and so on) are obtained and evaluated.

The flat plate slab system have many good features, which are design flexibilities, saving of story-height and economy of construction etc. But the study of flat plate slab system for H-steel column have been rare both at home and abroad. Recently high-rise residential and commercial buildings have been constructed in urban areas in Korea. The suggested dowel connection system is more likely to adoptable because it remarkably contribute to save inter story height and also to have many advantages compared with conventional steel works such as H-Steel frame + Deck plate slab system. This study aims at developing design method and program for connection between H-Steel column and flat plate slab system, which contribute to save significantly inter-story height.

본 연구의 목적은 지지체의 친수화가 압력지연삼투(Pressure retarded osmosis, PRO)막의 투과특성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 소수성 지지체인 폴리에스테르를 친수성 고분자인 셀룰로오스 용액을 사용하여 친수화도를 조절하였다. 지지체의 친수화 특성만을 파악하기 위해서 지지층 없이 동일한 활성층을 사용하여 PRO 막 투과 특성을 비교하였다. 사용된 활성층은 1,4-dioxane과 cellulose tri-acetate (CTA, 13 wt%)를 사용하여 제조하였으며, 5 kgf/cm2 압력 하에서 행한 PRO 성능 평가의 경우 투과도가 친수화된 지지체를 사용한 경우와 친수화되지 않은 경우에 각각 1.2 L/m2hr와 0.8 L/m2hr로 친수화된 지지체를 사용할 경우 약 50% 투과량이 증가되는 특성을 보였다. 그러나 셀룰로오스 농도 변화에 따른 지지체의 친수화도 증가가 투과량 변화를 가져오지는 않았다. 이는 지지체를 친수화하기 위해 사용된 셀룰로오스의 농도가 증가함에 따라 지지체의 기공이 막히는 현상에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과를 통해 정삼투공정에서 투과유량을 높이기 위해서는 지지체로서 친수성 소재를 사용하여 분리막을 제조함과 동시에 지지체 기공을 유지하는 것이 중요함을 확인하였다.

농업적, 환경적, 경제적 및 사회적인 이익으로 농업생명공학에 의한 유전자변형(GM) 작물의 재배는 점차 증가되고 있다.국내에서도 주요 작물을 대상으로 유용 GM작물이 개발되고있으며, 최근 Choline kinase 유전자(OsCK1)가 도입된 병저항성 형질전환벼가 개발되었다. GMO의 안전성과 관련하여, 표시제의 시행 또는 사후 이력추적을 위해서 검정법이 필수적으로 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서 각 134, 306, 243bp의 PCR증폭산물을 갖는 유전자 특이, 구조 특이 및 이벤트 특이primer를 병저항성(OsCK1) GM벼의 검출에 사용하였고, 다른어떤 작물에서도 반응산물을 나타내지 않았다. 이벤트 특이primer CKRB32-1/02-2를 사용한 정성 duplex PCR을 통해서OsCK1 GM벼에 대한 검출한계(LOD)가 0.05%임이 확인되었다. Real-time PCR을 이용한 정량검정을 위해서 벼 내재유전자 염기와 OsCK1 GM벼의 5’-인접염기를 갖는 pSPSCKR을표준물질로 제조하였고, 10 copies 범위까지 정량검출이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도출된 real-time PCR 방법의 정확성 및 정밀성을 확인하고자 0.5, 1, 3, 5 및 10%로 GM시료에 대하여 정량 분석하였으며, 표준편차 및 상대표준변이가 20% 내로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로, 개발된 이벤트 특이정성 및 정량 PCR 방법이 OsCK1 GM벼의 사후 GMO 모니터링 및 이력추적에 효과적으로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

The demand for the structural system of reduction of story height increases because buildings are getting higher. The existing structural systems are not efficiency. Thus, it is hard to reduce the story height and existing methods cannot secure economics as expected. This study aims at developing the partially concrete-filled new type composite beam, which can efficiently resist against the end negative moment and central positive moment, also reduce deflection of beams. Through case studies on loading of concentrated load and uniformly distributed load to fixed beam, we could find the most efficient ratio of moment of inertia and the ratio (end beam length to span). The gap space between middle and end beam can be used as facilities installation, consequently the suggested Omega beam system is expected to get the effect of reduction in story height as well as reduction of quantity.

본 연구에서는 생분해성 고분자인 PLA(polylactic acid)의 기계적 열적 물성 향상을 위해 목재에서 얻은 펄프분말을 블랜딩하여 펄프분말의 함량에 따른 PLA/펄프 복합필름의 기계적, 열적 물성을 확인하였으며, 또한 이 복합필름에 가교제로 TDI(toluene diisocyanate)를 첨가하여 복합필름의 물성 향상을 확인하였다. 그 결과 순수한 PLA 필름의 경우 인장강도가 565.25kgf/cm2인 것을 확인하였으며, 펄프분말의 함량이 0.25 wt% 일 때의 인장강도가 624.20kgf/cm2로 약 9.1 % 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 반면 연신율의 경우 전 복합필름이 순수 PLA 필름에 비해 약 50% 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 가교제로 TDI를 첨가한 PLA/펄프분말의 경우도 TDI의 함량에 관계없이 0.25 wt%의 펄프분말만을 첨가한 복합필름에 비해 연신율이 낮았으며, 인장강도의 경우 500% TDI를 첨가한 경우 640.43kgf/cm2로 증가하였다. 또한, PLA/펄프 복합필름에서 TDI를 가교시킨 PLA/펄프 복합필름은 가교시키지 않은 PLA/펄프 복합필름에 비해 300℃ 이하에서의 열적 안정성은 우레탄기의 형성에 의해 TDI의 함량이 높은 경우 약간 증가하였다.

The demand for the structural system of reduction in story height increases because buildings are getting higher. The existing method of construction is not efficiency. Thus, it is hard to reduce the story height and this method cannot secure economics as expected. This study aims at developing the partially concrete-filled new type composite beam, which can efficiently resist against the negative moment and positive moment, for the reduction of deflection. Through case studies on loading of concentrated load and uniformly distributed load to fixed beam, we could find the most efficient ratio of moment of inertia. Consequently the gap space between middle and end beam can be used as facilities installation, moreover the suggested Omega beam system is expected to get the effect of reduction in story height as well as reduction of quantity.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 컴퓨터 보조 인지 재활프로그램으로 사용되는 Rehacom을 이용하여 학령기 아동을 대상으로 한 치료효과를 알아보고자 하였다. ◉ 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2011년 10월부터 2011년 12월까지 총 3명을 대상으로, 15인치 노트북과 컴퓨터 보조 인지 재활프로그램의 전용패널을 사용하여 실시하였다. 1회기 치료시간은 30분이며, 10분씩 정해진 3가지 컴퓨터 보조 인지 재활프로그램(위치기억, 지속적 집중력, 공간적 조작 능력)을 6주간, 주 2회 시행하였다. ◉ 결과 : 대상자 A를 제외한 B와 C는 공간적 조작 능력에서 향상된 결과를 보였으며, 위치기억력, 지속적 주의력은 3명 모두 향상된 결과를 보였다. 또한 일상생활에서도 Rehacom 치료 프로그램 적용 후 향상된 기능수준을 나타냈다. ◉ 결론 : 3명의 지적장애 학생을 대상으로 컴퓨터 보조 인지 재활프로그램을 실시한 결과 위치적 기억과 지속적 집중력이 점차 향상되었으며, 일상생활이 이전에 비해 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

Seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of fish assemblage in the north coast (NC: Ayajin) and central coast (CC: Hupo) of the East Sea were calculated using samples collected by trammel net during 2011-2012. A total of 20 species from NC and 17 species from CC were collected. Of the fishes collected, the dominant fish species were Glyptocephalus stelleri and Careproctus rastrinus in the NC, and Dasycottus setiger and G. stelleri in the CC. These 2 fishes accounted for 71.7% and 81.0% of the total number of individuals collected in the NC and CC, respectively. The number of fish species, number of individuals, biomass and species diversity indices fluctuated with the seasons. The cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) based on Bray-Curtis similarity revealed that the fish assemblages classified into north and central groups. Analysis of similarity percentages of species contributions (SIMPER) indicated that most individual of G. stelleri and Gadus macrocephalus contributed to north group, and D. setiger and G. stelleri in central group, whereas 15 species contributed to 90% of the dissimilarity.

The use of LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) in transport is a suitable option to power, large long distance trucks in areas where gas is transported as LNG because there are indigenous gas supplies and no gas network. The use of LNG in passenger cars is far less viable because on average passenger cars stand idle more often, which would give rise to high evaporative losses. Therefore, the use of LNG requires storage facilities for the cold (-162℃) liquid natural gas at the roadside refueling stations and special fuelling equipment which can handle cryogenic temperatures. This paper investigated fuel supply system of a LNG cylinder, especially adiabatic performance and heat exchanger.

A gas forklift is often fueled by LPG or gasoline that emit toxic exhaust emissions, smoke, fumes and odors. These emissions become quite serious when forklifts are operated in confined areas. It is bad for the forklift operators as well as other workers who are inhaling the fumes. With cleaner burning natural gas, forklift operators and fellow workers are exposed to considerably less emissions. This study aims to develop the fuel system for the CNG-converted forklifts which is composed of hardwares and control algorithm for LPG forklift engine. The engine torque, power and emission in LPG fuel mode are measured to evaluate the difference of CNG engine performance. Based on the results, it is transparent that CNG-converted forklift is an very effective way to reduce the amount of CO, NMHC and NOX in the exhaust gas, which proves the developed control system is effective for CNG forklift engine.

Odontogenic cysts are classified into inflammatory and developmental origins. The most common representative inflammatory cyst is periapical cyst and the most common representative developmental cyst is dentigerous cyst and cyst which show character of tumor is odontogenic keratocyst and cyst of which cystic epithleial lining cells transform to ameloblastoma is unicystic ameloblastoma. About ten years ago p63 protein that are closely related to p53 protein was found. Authors studied about comparative pattern of expression of p63 protein in periapical cyst, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic kertocysts and unicystic ameloblastomas. Authors selected 10 cases for every four types of cyst and performed immunohistochemical staining by using monoclonal antibody about p63 protein, LSAB(labelled streptoavidin biotin) reactant and HRP(horse raish peroxidase) system. Positive cells about p63 protein were expressed at basal layer of cystic lining epithelium in periapical cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and unicytic ameloblastomas. On the contrary, in dentigerous cysts positive cells were expressed at surfce layer. Perapical cysts and odontogenic keratocysts showed significantly high values of labelling indices.(periapical cyst:72.49%, odontogenic keratocyst:64.72%, dentigerous cyst:8.94%, unicystic ameloblastoma: 5.25%) Odontogenic keratocyst showed the most strong staining intensity and the second was periapical cyst, the third was dentigerous cyst, and lastly unicystic ameloblastoma. Conclusively cause that the positive cells appeared at surface layer in dentigerous cyst reflected the position of epithelium to the enamel, and labelling indices of p63 protein were closely related to proliferative capacity and intensity of expression closely related to the labelling index and thus labelling index was also closely related to proliferative capacity of cystic lining epithelium.