This study was conducted to investigate the variation of growth characteristics and reproductive physiology in cloned Hanwoo male calves during growing stage. The hematological parameters, body weight, and plasma hormonal levels, birth to 12 months, were analyzed in the cloned calves (n=3). Differences among treatment means were determined by a student t-test. A probability of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The hematological parameters, such as white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet, were not different in both normal and cloned calves. The difference of body weight, however, was significantly higher in the cloned calves, months (p<0.05) and months (p<0.01), than that of the comparators, respectively. The plasma IGF-1 level was statistically significant in the cloned calves, months, compared to that of the normal calves (p<0.05). However, the plasma testosterone level was not different in both normal and clone calves according to growing stage. Taken together, the cloned Hanwoo male calves are growing faster and maintaining a normal reproductive physiology.

Purpose : To compare the visual function at near and to obtain the useful clinical data for diagnosis and prescription of relieving prism. Methods :The 88 subjects, 64 males and 24 females, mean age of 25.1±4.8. were recruited. Subjective refraction, amplitude of accommodation. relative accommodation, near point of convergence(N.P.C). fusional vergence, stereopsis, AC/A ratio, fixation disparity parameters, dissociated phoria and associated phoria were measured by using various charts, and prism prescription by criteria was compared. Results : 9.05±1.660 of amplitude of accommodation by minus Jens addition, 7.39±4.40 cm of NPC. 2.29±0.310 of NRA and -3.04±0.90 of PRA were measured respectively. Break point and recovery point of negative fusional vergence were 21.63±5.856 and 12.81±4.656 respectively, and those of positive fusional vergence were 22.41±6.97 6 and 12.21±4.926. In cases of stereopsis measured with Borish vectographic nearpoint card II. 61.21±60.65" with real contour ring chart and B6.74±175.5b" with l<andom dot E chart were measured and there were significant differences between the values(t = -4.815. p = 0.000). ln the dissociated phoria test using 3 types of card, mean dissociated phoria were -3.04±4.666 (8orish card). -2.71±4.886(Howell card) and -3.04±4. 796(Modified Thorington). The highest phoria was measw·ed with Borish card adopting prism add method. There was significance between Borish card and Howell card(t = -2.437. p = 0.017), but no significance between Borish card and Modified Thorington card or among three cards found. In the associated phoria test. mean associated phoria was -0.66±1.87 6(Borish card). -0.76±1.956 (8ernell slide). -0.69±1.796 (Saladin card) and -2.05±3.55 (Wesson card) the highest exo-phoria. Statistical significance was found. only when Wesson card is included(F = 6.645. p = 0.000). Oissociated phoria( -0.67±1.856) and associated phoria(-3.40±4.666 ) by Borish card(t = -6.858. p = 0.000) were showed significant difference. Gradient AC/A ratio using S±l.OOD is below ; 3.20±1.62.6 "'~th Borish card. ~.05±1.456 wilh Howell card, 2.76±1.19/\ with Modified Thorington. There was no significant difference. Fixation disparity parameters were X -intercept -2.05±3.556 . Y-intercept -3.09±4.59' and slope -0.83±0.81 '. according to Ogle's four types fixation disparity curve type, the order of type was I type, ffitype, Ntype, II type and so for1h.In the comparison of prescriptions by Sheard's criterion, Percival's criterion and associated phoria, exo-phoria and eso-phoria needed prism prescription only in associated Phoria. Conclusions : Stereopsis, dissociated phoria and associated phoria varied with cards. In that reason. examination, diagnosis, prism prescription of subjective symptoms on phoria have to consider the card used and criteria adopted, and the card to be used is need to be adopted in compliance with criteria after understanding character of each card.

Purpose : To investigate correlations between ocular components and corneal aberration according to comeal topographic pattems. Methods : 100 subjects (127 eyes) whose corrected visual acuity is 20/20 or better participated in this study. Ocular components. comeal topography and comeal aberration were measured. Results : Round type was 25%. oval type was 17%. symmetric bow tie type was 15%. asymmetric bow tie type was 26%, irregular type was 17% in classified by corneal topographic patterns. There were significant correlations between 1st coma aberration and refraclive error. between corneal power and total astigmatism. spherical aberration(total. 1st. 2nd and 3rd). There was significant correlations between comeal eccentricity and 2nd astigmatism. There were significant correlations between corneal astigmatism and astigrnatism(total. 1st and 3rd). Refractive error. comeal astigmatism and comeal aberration were the highest value in round type among the 5 different comeal topographic patterns. Corneal power was the highest value in oval type. but corneal eccentricity was the highest value in symmetric bow tie type. Conclusions : lt is considered that this data can be used as basic information for further studies regarding effecls of comeal pattern and aberration on the qualily of vision.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral signs and duration of estrous in Hanwoo and Holstein cattle for the prediction of optical insemination. Fifty two of 58 and 71 of 89 in Hanwoo and Holstein cows or heifers showed estrous exhibition within 72 h after 2 days following administration, respectively. The number of mounting and standing heat were 54.2 and 57.6, 59.4 and 53.5, 42.0 and 30.8 and 16.2 and 10.7 times in Hanwoo cows, Hanwoo heifers, Holstein cows and Holstein heifers, respectively. Duration of mounting were no significantly difference for Hanwoo cows (), Hanwoo heifers (), Holstein cows () and Holstein heifers (). Duration of standing heat were significantly (p<0.05) shorter for Holstein cows () than for Hanwoo cows (), Hanwoo heifers () and Holstein heifers (). Time until mounting after injection of were significantly (p<0.05) longer for Holstein cows () than for Hanwoo cows (), Hanwoo heifers () and Holstein heifers (). Time until standing heat after injection of were significantly (p<0.05) longer for Holstein cows () than for Hanwoo cows (), Hanwoo heifers () and Holstein heifers (). In the results of this study, duration of standing heat was the shortest in Holstein cows (). The estimation of estrous with Holstein cows has more difficulty because to significantly shorter duration of standing heat than for Hanwoo cows, Hanwoo heifers and Holstein heifers. The standing heat can be a good predictor for time of ovulation but it is concluded that mounting behavior could be the best predictor for time of ovulation.

목적: 눈의 굴절력을 결정하는 주요요소로는 안축장, 각막굴절력, 수정체굴절력이 있다. 근래에 백내장수술이 증가하는 추세이므로 초음파에 의한 안축장의 생체계측(biometry)이 빈번히 이루어지고 있다. 특히 백내장수술의 경우 인공수정체의 도수를 결정하는 데 있어 각막굴절력과 안축장의 측정이 절대적으로 필요하다. 본 연구는 임상에서 백내장환자를 대상으로 초음파검사를 진행하는 과정에서 각막굴절력과 안축장의 상관관계를 지속적으로 조사하여 기존에 보고된 정상안의 안축장과 각막굴절력 사이의 상관계수와 비교하고 그 차이점을 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 백내장 수술환자 가운데 남자환자 155명 155안과 여자환자 150명 150안을 측정대상으로 삼아 Topcon ARK 8100과 Alcon의 OcuScan을 이용하여 각막굴절력과 안축장을 측정하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1. 남자의 평균 안축장은 1. 23.59±1.30 mm이었고 여자는 22.93±1.22 mm이었다. 2. 남자의 평균 각막굴절력은 43.89±1.44D이었고 여자는 44.65±1.49D이었다. 3. 전체의 평균 안축장은 23.26±1.26 mm이고 평균 각막굴절력은 44.27±1.47D이었다. 결론: 남자는 안축장과 각막굴절력 사이의 상관계수가 r=-0.339(p=0.00), 여자는 상관계수가 r=-0.255(p=0.02)로 다른 보고들과 비교했을 때 남녀 모두 상대적으로 약한 음(-)의 상관관계를 보였다.