This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of the high temperature on physicochemical properties of barley kernels during ripening stage. High temperature treatment was lasted from each 10, 17 and 24 days after heading(DAH) until the harvest time at 21oC, 24oC, 27oC in artificial climate room. The results showed that ripening period from heading to maturity was tend to be shorter at higher temperature treatment condition and at longer duration treatment condition. and 1000-grain weight was decreased as the ripening period shortened. Furthermore, gelatinization properties was changed by high temperature due to the reduction of starch and amylose contents. As the shortening of grain filling period by a high temperature treatment, the protein content was increased. In the 10 DAH at 27oC treatment, the grain filling period was shortened by 9 days. The starch contents was reduced by 5.7 %, and the protein content was increased by 5.6 % in a such condition. Protein contents was showed negative correlations with amylose, starch contents and gelatinization properties, respectively. Starch contents, however, showed positive correlations with amlyose content and gelatinization properties.

최근 소규모 창업을 위한 상권분석, 지역 산업 수요 조사 등에 잠재적 서비스 인구 통계에 대한 수요가 점차 증가하고 있다. 하지만 센서스 조사와 같이 장기적 시간 간격을 두고 수행되는 방식으로는 현시성 있는 잠재적 서비스 수요를 파악하는데 한계가 있다. 개인의 모바일폰으로 수집되는 이동통신 빅데이터는 센서스 조사의 이러한 단점을 극복할 수 있으며, 실시간으로 변하는 지역 인구 분포와 유동성을 잘 보여줄 수 있다. 본 연구는 이동통신 빅데이터와 공간통계 기법을 이용하여 지역의 잠재적 서비스 수요인 현주인구를 추정하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 대구광역시를 사례로 한 민간 이동통신사가 제공하는 '서비스인구'의 성별, 연령별, 시간대별 분포 특성을 살펴보았고, 지역의 인구, 사회, 경제적 특성 변수에 기반한 일반회귀모델(OLS)과 공간회귀모델(SEM, SLM)을 이용하여 집계구별 현주인구를 추정하였다. 사례 분석 결과, 지역 특성을 반영하는 여러 통계 자료를 활용하여 해당 지역의 잠재적 서비스 수요 인구를 유의미하게 추정할 수 있었다. 또한 인구의 공간적 의존성을 명시적으로 반영하는 공간회귀모델이 현주인구를 추정하는데 가장 적합한 모델인 것으로 나타났다. 집계구 수준의 공간 단위에서 추정 오차도 유의미하게 작았으며, 연령별 현주인구의 추정값이 성별, 시간대별 현주인구에 비해 정확하게 산출되었다. 오차의 공간적 분포는 대체로 도심부에서 과대 추정이, 외곽 지역은 과소 추정이 나타났다. 이는 지역간 모바일폰 사용 행태와 이동성의 차이가 추정 정확성에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.

Recently, owing to the development of ICT industry and wide spread of smart phone, the number of people who use car sharing service are increased rapidly. Currently two-way car sharing system with same rental and return locations are mainly operated since this system can be easily implemented and maintained. Currently the demand of one-way car sharing service has increase explosively. But this system have several obstacle in operation, especially, vehicle stock imbalance issues which invoke vehicle relocation. Hence in this study, we present an optimization approach to depot location and relocation policy in one-way car sharing systems. At first, we modelled as mixed-integer programming models whose objective is to maximize the profits of a car sharing organization considering all the revenues and costs involved and several constraints of relocation policy. And to solve this problem efficiently, we proposed a new method based on particle swarm optimization, which is one of powerful meta-heuristic method. The practical usefulness of the approach is illustrated with a case study involving satellite cities in Seoul Metrolitan Area including several candidate area where this kind systems have not been installed yet and already operating area. Our proposed approach produced plausible solutions with rapid computational time and a little deviation from optimal solution obtained by CPLEX Optimizer. Also we can find that particle swarm optimization method can be used as efficient method with various constraints. Hence based on this results, we can grasp a clear insight into the impact of depot location and relocation policy schemes on the profitability of such systems.

This survey was conducted as a sector study of a reasonable management plan for uninhabited islands. we conducted bird surveys at 233 uninhabited islands of Shinan-gun, Jindo-gun, Wando-gun in Jeollanam-do from May to October, 2012. In this study, total 26 family and 39 species were observed. Among them three bird species, falcon, eagle owl, oyster catcher belonged in endangered category I and II which is protected by the law in Korea, and four species, tattler, storm petrel, streaked shearwater, oyster catcher which are Near Threatened (NT) according to IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red List (2015) were observed. Uninhabited islands are used as habitats of many resident and/or stopover birds and need to be conserved and protected from destroying by human outdoor activities. This survey is to aim at making a comprehensive plan to conserve these islands if necessary.

최근 우리나라의 도로포장은 환경의 영향, 교통량의 증가 및 차량의 중량화 등 여러 요인에 의해 설계 수명에 이르지 못하고 조기에 노후화되어 이를 위한 유지보수가 빈번히 시행되고 있다. 유지보수로 인해 발생하는 폐아스팔트 콘크리트는 주요 건설폐기물로써 이에 대한 처리는 중대한 사회적 문제로 나타나고 있으며, 유지보수 시 공사구간 통제로 인한 차량지체현상으로 사용자비용이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서 는 이러한 현실적 문제를 극복하고자 폐아스팔트 콘크리트를 순환골재로 이용함과 동시에 개질 유화아스 팔트를 적용한 상온 긴급보수재료 개발에 대한 실험적 분석을 수행하였다. 개질 유화 아스팔트를 사용하여 상온에서 마샬 안정도 시험을 실시한 결과 순환골재(RAP)를 사용했을 때 신규골재(VA)를 사용했을 때 보다 1-2%의 바인더 절감 효과가 나타났으며, 성능이 더 우수함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 습윤 마모 시험을 통하여 순환골재(RAP)와 신규골재(VA)를 비교한 결과 순환골재 (RAP)의 마모저항성이 더 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

Background: In the stroke patients with the characteristics of hemiplegic gait, turning direction of the affected and unaffected side influences turning time. Therefore, it is important to investigate the walking response to turning directions in stroke patients. Objects: This study aimed to measure the walking time while turning direction in hemiplegic patients depending on balance ability measured by Berg Balance Scale. Methods: A group of forty-five subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score≥46 were twenty-eight, Berg Balance Scale score≤45 were seventeen) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to perform the Timed Up and Go test. Testing indications included two directions for turning in each subject. These indications were for turning toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The duration of total analysis duration, sit to stand phase, stand to sit phase, mid-turning phase, and end turning phase were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 45 points of Berg Balance Scale score. The significance level was set at ɑ=.05. Results: There were significant increase time in the analysis duration and end turning phase duration while subjects were turned the unaffected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score≤45 (p<.05). However, the comparison between the affected side and the unaffected side in the stroke patients with Berg Balance Scale score≥46, revealed no significant differences of the measured parameters. Conclusion: This finding should be suggested in the specific definition of turning direction for evaluation with Timed Up and Go test in the Berg Balance Scale score≤45, and other intervention for hemiplegic patients need to be suggested the direction of turning during walking training program.

This study investigates the development of an automatic lightening buoy that can indicate an aquaculture cage at night or in rough weather. The energy for the light is generated by the linear motion of a magnet along with a coil inside the buoy as the waves cause the buoy to oscillate up and down. The principle of the magnet motion is different between the magnet and body of the buoy because the movement of the latter is dependent on the surface wave, while the former is affected by the damper. To obtain a quantitative performance of the buoy, the voltage as well as up and down motion produced by several waves were measured in the wave tank. A shorter wave period, i.e., faster motion, of the magnet produced a brighter light. It is expected that this study can aid in deciding the optimum design of a buoy capable of producing a bright light at any aquaculture site affected by sea or fresh water waves.

The Fishing gear loss has been repeated every year in the West Sea; however, there has been no solution. So fisher men have undergone economic loss every year. Thus it is required to reduce the loss of fishing gear. In this study to find out the reason that the fishing gear is lost in the Sea, 10 years data of wave and current for 6 locations in the West Sea were investigated and a numerical modelling were conducted into the behaviour of a gillnet in wave and current. The fishing gear was modelled with the mass spring model. As a result, it came out into the open that the location where fishing gear loss occurred most frequently was Choongnam province. The height of the maximum significant wave in this province was 6.7 m and the period of that was 4.4 second. The maximum current speed was 0.7 m/s. As a result of simulation with these data, it was revealed that the buoy is one of the reasons to decrease the holding power of the gillnet. For example, the tension of anchor rope was decreased to 50% while the drag coefficient or volume of buoy was decreased to 25%. So it is predicted that an improvement of the buoy contributes to the reduction of the gillnet loss.

The coastal stow net (stow net hereafter) in Korea is one of the major fishing methods for yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis), ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus), and anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). In terms of energy efficiency, the stow net fishery is more competitive than towing fishing gears such as trawl gears. The fishing vessels in stow net fishery have consumed less fossil fuel and also have had less carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. however, the stow net fishery is necessary to be regulated due to its increased output of the fleet. Therefore, it is required for fisheries authorities to manage the fishing capacity or fishing power for the assurance of fishery’s sustainability. For fisheries management authorities, it is necessary to quantify data related to fishing capacity and fishing power to deploy fishery policy in a sustainable way. In terms of data for decision-making, Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was conducted to estimate fishing capacity. Fishing power index (FPI) was also applied to calculate relative fishing power to approach the problem in a quantitative way.

본 연구는 새만금 간척지에서 비닐하우스 작물 재배 가능성 검토를 위해 녹색꽃양배추를 대상으로 일일 관수량을 달리하여 관수량에 따른 토양 염농도 및 생육특성 등을 조사하여 관수량에 의한 재염화 억제효과를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 수확기의 표토의 평균 토양 EC 는 1.5 및 3.0mm·day-1 처리구에서 각각 10.9 및 11.5dS·m-1 였으며 6.0mm·day-1 처리구에서 5.1dS·m-1로 1.5 및 3.0mm·day-1 처리구보다 52~56% 낮게 나타나 점적관수 량에 따른 제염효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 화뢰의 무게는 6.0mm·day-1 처리구에서 주당 371.3g으로 1.5 및 3.0mm·day-1 처리구의 60.9g 및 129.1g보다 높은 값을 나타냈다. 50%의 수량감소를 보이는 토양 EC는 7.6dS·m-1였으며 점적관수에 의한 토양 제염효과는 6.0mm·day-1 처리에서 30~40cm 깊이까지 나타났다. 따라서 새만금간척지에서 녹색꽃양배추 재배시 점적관수에 의한 토양 재염화 억제를 위해서는 6.0mm·day-1 수준의 관수량으로 총 422mm의 물량이 필요할 것으로 예측된다. 그러나 염류의 이동은 토양 이화학적 특성 및 계절적 요인 등 여러 가지 환경요인에 영향을 받으므로 간척지 비닐하우스에서 점적관수에 따른 염류의 이동특성에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, we confirmed that the pesticides flow out into streams during rainfall by the way of helicopter spraying. The maximum concentration was 23 pg·mL-1 and the distribution of concentrations showed similar to the normal distribution. The runoff characteristics of insecticides using helicopter spraying was affected by the elapsed time of the start from spraying until rainy days and rainfall intensity. The pesticide concentrations of sample ranged from 0.65 to 3.04 pg·mL-1. Fish kill did not occurred in the stream and the lake cause of the pesticides runoff. Aquatic animals, such as Orthrias toni, Rhinogobius brunneus, tadpole etc. were still alive in the stream. It indicates that this class of pesticide does not cause toxic to fish by runoff event. However, the honey bee kill event was reported in the spray region during the helicopter spraying period. The further study such as ecotoxicity test is needed to reveal the pesticides effect reach to the ecosystem.

This research is on the halophilic bacteria inhibiting in solar salterns. It was conducted by measuring the composition of cultivating ground in each step of salt production and targeting solar salterns during 2012 and 2013 in Jeungdo, Shinangun, JeollaNam-do, Korea. In each step of salt production, the succession of the group has been studied using pyrosequencing method and the new halophile variety has been separately identified in solar salterns. The results are as follows; The decomposition ability of protein, lipid, cellulose, and starch, has been experimented with separately identifying 33 bacteria that appeared as dominants in solar salterns. Overall, the bacteria with decomposition capability of all 4 components were Micrococcus luteus, Nocardioides daejeonensis in Actinobacteria group, Halobacillus trueperi whb45 in Firmicutes group, and Aurantimonas coralicida, Lutibacterium anuloederans, Nesiotobacter exalbescens in Alphaproteobacteria group. Analysis in the diversity of bacteria community of diluted solution with concentration of 3%, 6%, 11%, 20%, and 30% has been made using pyrosequencing method. In the Order level, SAR 11 dominated in 3% salt solution, Rhodobacterales group (18.9%) in 6% solution, Micrococcales group showed the highest ratio in 11% and 20% solutions, and Rhodobacterales group was dominant in the solution of 30%. In Phylum level, Proteobacteria group showed dominancy in 3% and 6% salt solutions, Actinobacteria group was dominant in 11% and 20% solutions, and Proteobacteria group was dominant in 30% solution. Among the isolated strains, seven novel strains (Kmb21, Kmb26, Kmb27, Kmb32, Kmb42, Kmb64, and Kmb80) were donate registered to NCBI and KCTC, JCM, each as new variety candidate.

키다리병 내성벼의 생리·생화학적 특성 연구를 알아보기 위해 남평벼와 호품벼를 비교하여 실시한 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 키다리병 발병률은 품종에 관계없이 병원균 포자의 농도,노출시간에 비례하여 증가하며 특히 감수성 품종인 호품벼는그 증가 속도가 더욱 심함을 알 수 있었고 이들 감수성 품종들은 염수선을 통한 종자정선이 키다리병 예방에 중요한 역할을 한다. 2. 키다리병 감염조건에서 남평벼가 호품벼에 비해 체내 전분 및 단백질 감소 정도가 더 작았으며 α-amylase, CAT,SOD 항산화 효소 활성은 다소 높게 유지되었다. 3. 키다리병 감염조건에서 SOD를 제외한 CAT, POD, APX유전자들은 남평벼가 호품벼에 비해 모두 2 ~ 3배 이상의 강한 발현증가를 보인 반면 호품벼에서 GA positive gene인Gα(D1), GID2의 발현이 높은 반면 GA deactivating gene인EUI의 발현은 남평보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

현재까지 우리나라 벼 재배에서 sulfonylurea계 제초제들에대한 저항성 잡초로 보고된 잡초들은 간척지 벼 재배지에서물옥잠이 처음으로 확인된 다음 일년생 잡초 10초종, 다년생잡초 4초종이 발생하여 모두 14종이다. 그리고 2009년Acetolactate Synthase 및 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 억제제들에 대한 강피가 저항성으로 처음 보고되었다. 저항성 잡초 발생 초창기에는 sulfonylurea계 제초제들에 대한 저항성초종들인 광엽 및 방동사니과 잡초들 중에서 하나의 저항성 잡초 초종이 논에 주로 우점하였으나 현재에는 한 논에 여러 가지 잡초 초종들이 함께 복합적으로 우점하고 있다. 저항성 잡초 생체중 50%를 억제하는 약제 농도(GR50)는 저항성 잡초가 감수성 잡초 보다 훨씬 높았다. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 및 AcetolactateSynthase 억제제들에 대한 저항성 강피도 GR50은 감수성 강피 보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 우리나라 벼 재배지에서제초제 저항성 잡초들의 우점 원인은 잡초 생태적 및 제초제작용기작 측면으로 구분할 수 있다. 잡초 생태적 측면에서는종자생산량과 생육이 빠른 잡초들이 저항성으로 변이한다. 제초제 작용기작 측면에서 저항성잡초 발생의 주원인은 약효가길고 선택성이 매우 좋은 sulfonylurea계 제초제들의 높은 선호 때문이다. 국내 논에서 sulfonylurea계 제초제들의 사용 비율은 약 96%이다. 벼 직파재배지에서 Acetolactate Synthase 및Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 억제제들의 계속적 사용은 저항성강피 발생을 가능하게 하였다. Sulfonylurea계 제초제들에 대한 저항성 물옥잠의 acetolactate synthase 활성을 50% 억제하는 제초제 농도인 I50은 감수성 물옥잠에 비해 훨씬 높았는데이것은 흡수 및 이행에 의한 차이보다는 Acetolactate Synthasegene의 돌연변이(mutation) 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 즉Acetolactate Synthase gene amino acid 197번째 proline이serine로 치환되었기 때문이다. 저항성 잡초 관리를 위하여 벤조비싸이크론(benzobicyclon) 등은 물달개비 및 올챙이고랭이를 함께 관리하는 것이 가능하다. 또한 Acetolactate Synthase및 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 억제제들에 대한 저항성 강피의관리는 메페나세트(mefenacet) 등이 2.5엽기까지 가능하다. 그리고 우리나라 벼 재배지에서 제초제 저항성잡초들을 방제하는데 적지 않은 난관들이 있다. 첫째, 지금까지 저항성 발생제초제들인 Acetolactate Synthase 및 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase억제제들의 판매량이 늘고 있기 때문에 저항성 잡초들은 꾸준히 발생하고 번질 것이다. 둘째, 미국 등의 선진국들과 같은연구인력 및 기관이 많이 부족하다.

방사성폐기물의 처리와 관리는 원자력을 이용하는 국가들이 반드시 해결해야 하는 중요한 문제이다. 오늘날 동 사안에 대 해서는 극소수의 국가들만이 실질적인 진척이 있으며, 그 중 프랑스의 관련 정책이 대표적인 성공 사례로 평가되고 있다. 한국의 경우에 있어서도 방사성폐기물의 관리에 대한 적절한 정책의 준비가 필요하며, 이에 프랑스 법제화 접근법을 적용 하자는 제안들이 있다. 동 연구는 그 적용성 검토를 위해 방사성폐기물의 관리와 관련된 두 나라의 기술 현황 및 사회정책 적 지표를 비교하였으며, 자원 재활용과 사회적 수용성 증진 전략 측면에서 프랑스식 법제화 모델을 반영하는 것이 바람직 하다고 판단한다.

Starfish, a species of Echinoderm, is widely known as a predator on benthic invertebrate. A series of fishing experiments was carried out in the western coastal waters of Korea from September, 2011 to November, 2012, using the drum–shaped pots of different mesh sizes (17.1, 24.8, 35.3, 39.8, and 48.3 ㎜) to describe the composition of the catch species and the mesh selectivity of the pot for starfish. Some species including fish, crab, and starfish were caught in the experimental pots. The SELECT (Share Each Length’s Catch Total) method was applied to describe the selectivity of the pot for starfish Asterina pectinifera. The master selection curve was estimated to be s(R) = exp(10.358R–4.086) / [1+exp(10.358R–4.086)], where R is the ratio of arm length to mesh size. The relative arm length of 50% retention was 0.395, and the selection range was 0.212. The results should be helpful to understand the relationship between the catch size of starfish and the mesh size of pot.

A series of field tests to estimate the size selectivity of monofilament and multifilament gill net for marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, were carried out 12 times with five different mesh sizes (86.6, 101.0, 121.2, 137.7 and 151.5mm) in the western sea of Korea from 2007 to 2009. The master selection curve was estimated by the extended Kitahara’s method. The total number of catch species was 23 and that of catch was 1,688 in the field tests. Marbled sole of total catch was 1,150 with 68.1 percent. In the monofilament trammel net, the optimum value of total length (TL) per mesh size (m) for 1.0 of retention probability was estimated 0.280 and the values of TL/m were estimated to be 0.187, 0.201, 0.210, 0.218 and 0.226 when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. In the multifilament trammel net, the optimum value of TL/m for 1.0 of retention probability was estimated 0.307 and the values of TL/m were estimated to be 0.195, 0.211, 0.222, 0.232 and 0.241 when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.