The study selected 10 regions among major Korean cities. Then the study classified the yearly change of relative humidity of those regions for 37 years based on 1996 (from 1974 to 2011) aimed at high temperature days, and examined them by stage regarding daily maximum temperature. For large cities and small cities, in general relative humidity had been likely to increase at high temperatures of 30℃ or over before 1996, whereas it has decreased since 1996. For suburban areas, relative humidity had been prone to diminish before 1996, whereas it has been likely to either increase since 1996 or rarely some of the cities have not shown any change. The increasing tendency of relative humidity before 1996 in large cities and small cities is believed to be because of an increase of the latent heat of vaporization by the supply of steam from cooling towers established in downtown areas. Meanwhile, the decreasing tendency from 1996 is concluded to be caused by the change from counter-current circular cooling towers, which produce a great quantity of steam including arsenic acid, to cross-flow cooling towers, which produce hardly any steam containing arsenic acid. This change was in accordance with the modification and pursuit of an urban planning law that ordered cooling towers that had been installed on rooftops be installed in the basement of buildings in consideration of a “Green network creation” project by the Ministry of Environment, urban beautification, concerns since 1996 over building collapses, and according to an argument that steam containing arsenic acid could be harmful to human health owing to chemicals contained in the water in the cooling tower in summer.

인삼은 음지성 작물인데 7~8월 고온기에 강광과 고온하에서 잎의 가장자리부터 피해를 받아 결국 고사하게 되는 고온장해(엽소)가 발생한다. 엽소 피해를 받은 인삼은 근중의 감소, 뿌리 조직의 스폰지화로 인해 홍삼제조 시 내공의 발생율이 증가한다. 기존에 육성된 천풍은 지하부 체형과 홍삼품질이 우수하나 엽소에 약하다. 반면 엽소에 강한 연풍은 지하부 체형과 홍삼품질이 불량한 단점이 있다. 이에 따라 엽소에 강하고 홍삼품질이 우수한 인삼 품종의 개발이 시급하다. 본 연구는 엽소에 내성으로 선발된 ‘선일’ 품종의 시기별 고온장해 발생율, 엽록소 형광반응, Fm/Fv 값 변화, 인삼 잎 조직의 큐티클 층의 분포와 두께, 광합성 특성 및 유효성분 분석 결과를 보고 하고자 한다.

This study examined urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization, urban population growth, increase of the city scale, land cover change, and human cultures and economic activities, using the daily minimum temperatures of the past 50 years (1961-2010) with the subject of Busan and analyzed correlations between urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization. Thereby, this paper drew a conclusion as below: 1) Due to the urbanization effects, the average annual daily minimum temperature increased as about 1.2℃; however, except for the factor of urbanization, the increase was shown as about 0.2℃. The occupancy of urbanization effects in the total temperature increase was quite high as about 83%. 2) Just like other cities experiencing urbanization, Busan, too, sees population growth and the expansion of city area as well as increased urbanization effects. First of all, correlation between population growth and urbanization effect was high as 0.96 before 1985 while it was lowered as 0.19 after 1985. Also, correlation between the increase of city area and urbanization effect was high as 0.64 and 0.79 before and after 1985. 3) Regarding the correlation between long-term land use change and urbanization effect, urbanization effect was affected greatly by the increase of city area (0.97) and reduction of green area (0.92). 4) Concerning human activities possible to affect the climatic factors of a city, this paper found the following factors: road length, car increase, power use, and the consumer price index, etc. And regarding the correlation between the three factors and urbanization effect, the correlation was higher in the consumer price index (0.97), the number of registered cars (0.89), power use (0.75), and road length (0.58) in order.

This study examines the climatological variability of urban area and the increase of temperature by urbanization using the observed data of Busan and Mokpo during the last 100 years (1910∼2010). The results are as follows. First, the maximum temperature in Busan during the last 100 years has increased by 1.5℃ while average temperature and the minimum temperature have increased by 1.6℃ and 2℃. In Mokpo, the maximum temperature and average temperature have increased by 1℃ and the minimum temperature has increased by 0.8℃. The increase of urban temperature appeared to be higher in Busan than in Mokpo by 0.5℃∼1.2℃. Second, as for the change in temperature before and after urbanization, the maximum temperature, average temperature and the minimum temperature during last 50 years compared to the previous 50 years have increased about 1.5℃, 1.6℃ and 2.1℃, however, the predicted temperature after removing urbanization effect was estimated to be increased by 1℃. The proportion that urbanization takes on the overall increase of temperature appeared to be 33% at the maximum temperature, 37.5% at average temperature and 52.3% at the minimum temperature, thus the proportion of urbanization appeared to be maximized at the minimum temperature.

국내 전역에서 수집된 팥 150 유전자원을 공시하여 작물학적 형질 특성조사를 통한 품종육성의 기초자료를 제공코자 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 신육형 빈도를 보면 무한신육형이 96.6%(145자원)를 차지하여 가장 많았으며, 유한신육형 및 반무한신육형은 각 각 2.0%(3자원), 1.3%(2자원)를 차지하였다. 2. 화색은 황색이 98.0%(147자원)를 차지하였으며, 협색은 노란색, 갈색, 농갈색, 흑황색, 혼합색의 5가지의 색으로 확인되었다. 이중 가장 많은 협색은 황색으로 64.3%(96자원)를 차지하였다. 종피색은 갈색, 농갈색, 흑색, 흰색, 혼합색, 적갈색, 황색 및 녹색으로 8가지의 립색을 나타내었으며, 적갈색 및 갈색계통이 전체의 66.5%를 차지하였다. 3. 생육일수는 89.0~142.0일의 분포를 보여 변이의 폭이 상당히 컷으며, 평균은 115.0일이었다. 생육일수의 빈도는 131.0~140.0일로 이에 속하는 자원이 37.2%(56 자원)를 차지하였으며, 다음은 121~130일 사이가 27.3%(41자원)를 차지하였다. 4. 협장은 5.9~10.1 cm를 나타내어 변이 폭이 컷으며, 평균은 7.8 cm이었다. 협장은 7.1~8.0 cm 사이에 속하는 자원이 45.1%(68 자원)로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 8.1~9.0 cm에 속하는 자원이 32.2%(48 자원)를 차지하였다. 5. 개체당 평균 협수는 28.5협이었으며 150 유전자원의 협수분포를 보면 5.0~132.5협을 나타내어 변이의 폭이 컷다. 개체당 협수가 가장 많은 자원은 11.0~20.0협 사이로 30.8%(46 자원)를 나타내었으며, 다음은 21.0~30.0협에 속하는 자원이 28.6%(43자원)를 차지하였다. 6. 협당립수는 5.3~11.3립을 나타내어 변이의 폭이 컷으며, 평균은 8.2립이었다. 협당립수가 가장 많은 그룹은 7.1~8.0립으로 32.2%(48자원)를 차지하였으며, 다음은 8.1~9.0립 사이에 속하는 자원이 28.2%(42자원)를 차지하였다. 7. 100립중은 범위가 5.7~23.0 g으로 변이 폭이 컷으며, 평균은 12.9 g이었다. 100립중의 분포는 9.01~13.0 g사이에 속하는 자원이 전체의 43.4%(65 자원)로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 13.01~17.00 g이 28.5%(43 자원)를 차지하였다.

Mass mortalities of cultivated organisms have occurred frequently in Korean coastal waters causing enormous losses to cultivating industry. The preventive measures require continuous observation of farm environment and real-time provision of data. However, line hanging aquaculture farm are generally located far from monitoring buoys and has limitations on installation of heavy equipments. Substituting battery pack for solar panels and miniaturizing size of buoy, newly developed system can be attached to long line hanging aquaculture farm. This system could deliver measured data to users in real-time and contribute to damage mitigation and prevention from mass mortalities as well as finding their causes. The system was installed off Gijang and Yeongdeck in Korea, measuring and transmitting seawater temperature at the sea surface every 30 minutes. Short term variation of seawater temperature, less than one day, in Gijang from June to July 2009 corresponded tidal period of about 12 hours and long term variation seemed to be caused by cold water southeast coast of Korea, particularly northeast of Gijang. Seawater temperature differences between Gijang station and the other station that is about 500 m away from Gijang station were 1 ℃ on average. This fact indicates that it is need to be pay attention to use substitute data even if it is close to the station. Daily range of seawater temperature, one of crucial information to aquaculture, can be obtained from this system because temperature were measured every 30 minutes. Averages of daily range of temperature off Gijang and Yeongdeok during each observation periods were about 2.9 ℃ and 4.7 ℃ respectively. Dominant period of seawater temperature variation off Yeongdeok was one day with the lowest peak at 5 a.m. and the highest one at 5 p.m. generally, resulting from solar radiation.

This study aims to implement the modeling of selected substances for the evaluation of Atmospheric Environmental Capacity by means of the data of 2006 atmospheric pollution substance emissions. As a result, it turned out that the substance with the concentration higher than Atmospheric Environmental standard concentration was NO2, and 17.6% of the total regions researched turned out to exceed the standard concentration. In addition, set was the targeted amount to be reduced in the areas where the upper limit of emission per unit lattice was exceeded, and the model was adopted accordingly. As a result, it turned out that about 80% of the actual emission should be reduced to meet the 2006 Atmospheric Environmental standard over the Daegu. In reality, it is impossible to reduce 80% of the actual emission. Thus, the same ratio of reduction was applied in all of the Daegu regions, and the modeling was applied. The results are as follows: When 30% was reduced, the level went down to 50 ppb, which is as high as 2006 Atmospheric Environmental standard; when 50% was reduced, the level went down to 30 ppb, which is as high as 2007 Atmospheric Environmental standard.

본 연구는 14개 육성 F1을 이용하여 진딧물과 응애 가해에 의한 옥수수의 수량감소율과 저항성 자식계통을 선발하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 진딧물 가해에 의한 수량감소율은 종실중(18.4%), 이삭장(10.9%), 이삭직경(1.7%), 100립중(5.4%), 종실 길이(2.3%), 종실 폭(1.5%), 종실 두께(-0.2%)이었다. 조사항목에 대한 수량감소의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 진딧물은 종실중과 이삭직경이 높은 고도의 유의한 정(+)의 상관(r=0.

본 실험은 곡류 작물중에서 육종의 소재로써 많은 장점을 지닌 호밀을 Gimsa C-분염법과 FISH기법을 이용하여 구성이질 염색질과 5S와 18S-26S rRNA 유전자의 염색체상의 위치를 확인하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. C-분염의 분석 결과 7쌍의 호밀의 염색체 중에서 1, 2, 3과 7번 염색체는 중부염색체 이었고, 4, 5과 6번 염색체는 차중부염색체 이었다. 1번 염색체는 2차 협착부위로 동원체를 지니고

본 연구는 찰옥수수에 단맛을 가미하고자 이중열성인자(wxwxshsh)를 이용하여 찰초당옥수수 품종 육성을 위 하여 수행 되었다. 감미찰 옥수수는 최초의 단맛이 가미된 찰옥수수로 이삭내 립의 비율이 찰옥수수 대 초당 옥수수가 3 : 1로 혼합되어 있다. 감미찰 품종의 특성은 아밀로펙틴 함량은 94%, 과피두께 59㎛, 백립중은 27g, 종피색은 흰색, 자수색은 담자색이었다. 또 평균이삭중이 132g이며 10a당 이삭수는 5,833개였다. 채종시 험결과 모본인 Gwx2의 출사기와 부본인 Gdm1의 화분비산기가 일치하여 10a당 85kg의 채종이 가능하였다. 식미검정에서는 찰옥1호 보다 우수하였고 초당옥수수는 당 함량이 높아 어린이 노약자들에게, 찰옥수수는 청․장년층에게 기호성이 우수한 것으로 나타나 찰초당옥수수는 한국인 기호에 맞는 새로운 시도로 보여진다.

Aphids are generally considered as a major pest of corn. Thus, yield losses due to aphid infection can be considerable. Rhopalosiphum padi - the birdcherry oct aphid seems to be prevalent aphid species on maize in Korea. Aphid resistance of 91 Fls was assessed at two locations in Korea. In studies of combining ability for aphid resistance to different locations, GCA mean square was 4.48 times grater than that of SCA mean square. Thus, additive gene action was more important than that of non-additive gene action to aphid resistance. In two locations, inbreds 2, 4, 5 and 10 had negative GCA effects for aphid resistance.

Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee is the most important pest of Zea may L. Little is known about combining ability for stem damage to this insect. The objective of this study was to estimate of resistance to stem damage by the Oriental corn borer. The importance

전국의 산과 들의 생육조건이 다양한 지역에서 생육한 약쑥, 뺑쑥, 참쑥, 제비쑥, 물쑥, 황해쑥, 더위지기, 가는잎쑥 등에 대하여 수집한 쑥 100계통을 실험에 이용하여 항산화력과 항산화 성분 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 합성 항산화제인 BHT와 비교 실험한 지질과산화 억제력을 살펴보았을때 모든 쑥 시료에서 BHT 200 ppm과 유사한 억제력을 나타내어 그 우수성을 확인할 수 있었다. 쑥 수집종 100계통의 AEAC, EDA, 총페놀함량, 플라보노이드 등을 분석한 결과 쑥 수집종의 총 페놀화합물 함량은 156~1,767mg/100g 범위로 최대 10배의 함량변이를 보였는데, 총 페놀화합물의 함량이 900mg/100g 이상인 수집종은 총 20 개체였다. 플라보노이드 함량도 종간, 수집지역 간에 편차가 컸는데 82.9~852.2mg/100g 범위로 변이의 폭이 컸다. 전자공여능의 경우 13.4~95.0% 의 범위로 다양하였으며 전자공여능이 90% 이상인 수집종은 총 23개체였다. ABTS와 DPPH 라디칼을 이용한 에탄을 추출물의 항산화력 측정 결과 총 페놀화합물 함량이 높았던 대부분의 시료에서 높은 라디칼 제거능을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과 항산화력이 우수하며 생육 특성 및 수량성이 우수한 AC-60, AC-67, AC-77을 우수 계통으로 선발하였다.

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychiis urticae K.) can cause severe yield losses in maize (Zea mays L.). Diallel crosses (28 F1) and generation mean analysis were analyzed to determine the type of resistance to mite. In diallel crosses, Mean square for GCA