In Cambodia, rubber is an important agricultural industry crop that produces latex and rubber wood. Cambodia exports most of its natural rubber to Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, China, and Spain. This study aimed to assess export competitiveness of Cambodian rubber using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) and to explore strategies for enhancing exports. This research analyzed secondary data from Trade Map and the General Directorate of Rubber (GDR) from 2002 to 2022. Findings show that Cambodia has a significant comparative advantage globally in natural rubber, with an RCA of 18. Particularly, Cambodia demonstrates substantial comparative advantages in its rubber exports to Vietnam, Malaysia, and China. Additionally, it has a high TSI, indicating a strong potential for expanding exports to these markets. However, Cambodia’s reliance on Vietnam for its rubber exports is high, highlighting the need for efforts to diversify its export markets.

In the field of oscillating hydrofoil research, the choice of hydrofoils is still mainly based on traditional NACA airfoils. The article explores the hydrodynamic characteristics of other airfoil structures to further improve the applicable range of hydrofoil working environments. By applying the swept structure of fish tail fins through biomimetic methods to oscillating hydrofoils, a motion model of the swept oscillating hydrofoil is established, and the relevant mathematical expressions and parameter definitions are described. Through numerical simulation methods, the effects of the pitch axis position and the tip-to-root ratio on the performance of the swept oscillating hydrofoil are analyzed. The simulation results show that the pitch axis position has a significant impact on the various force characteristics and energy acquisition efficiency of the hydrofoil, while the tip-to-root ratio mainly reflects the degree of sweep of the hydrofoil, thereby affecting the lift-to-drag ratio and the moment coefficient of the swept hydrofoil. Selecting the appropriate pitch axis position and tip-to-root ratio will enhance the lift of the hydrofoil while reducing the drag experienced.

Silicon carbide (β-SiC) was synthesized through an improved sol–gel method, then Ni/SiC catalysts were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The catalysts were characterized using TEM, H2- TPR, CO2- TPD and N2- TPD, etc. The results showed that the synthesized β-SiC had a large specific surface area, promoting the dispersion of Ni species and thus exposing more active sites. The interaction between Ni species and β-SiC contributed significantly to catalytic performance. Furthermore, the strong alkalinity of catalyst could adjust the bond energy of the active metal and N (M–N), which were conducive to desorption of the recombinant N2 from the metal surface, promoting to ammonia decomposition. Among the Ni/SiC catalysts, 30Ni/SiC-700 synthesized with the Ni loading of 30 wt% and calcination temperature of 700 °C, exhibited the optimal ammonia conversion rate of 93.4% at 600 °C under the space speed of 30,000 mL∙gcat −1∙h−1, and demonstrated a long-term stability, suggesting a very promising catalyst in ammonia decomposition.

사범대학 학생은 대학생일 뿐만 아니라 미래의 교사로서 자신의 핵심 소양을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 학생의 핵심 소양을 발전시키는 중요한 책 임을 져야 한다. 본 논문의 연구 목적은 사범생의 직업적 인식이 핵심 소양에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 연구 방법은 정량적 연구 방법 과 SPSS 26.0 통계 소프트웨어를 사용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 사범생의 직업 정체성과 핵심 소양 사이에 유의미한 정적 상관관 계가 있음을 보여주며, 직업적 정체성의 각 차원은 핵심 소양에 예측 효 과가 있는 것을 보여 주었다. 이 연구를 통해 우리는 사범생의 핵심 소 양 형성에 영향을 미치는 요인과 메커니즘을 찾고 사범생의 인재 양성과 기초 교육 발전을 향상시키기 위한 이론적 참고 자료를 제공한다.

This study systematically investigated the efficacy of incorporating graphene/cerium hydroxide (GH) composite material into epoxy-modified polyurethane resin coatings for enhancing the corrosion resistance of Q690qE steel within polluted marine atmospheric conditions. The research encompassed a range of electrochemical assessments and analyses. Notably, the E/GH-0.3% coating displayed a substantially positive open-circuit potential (OCP) and prominently reduced corrosion current density, leading to annual corrosion rates of 2.72 mm/a following 25 days of immersion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) elucidated the superiority of the E/GH-0.3% coating, characterized by the highest impedance modulus |Z| at 0.1 Hz, indicative of robust corrosion protection. Remarkably, the self-healing performance of E/GH-0.3% and E/ GH-0.5% coatings was evidenced by the formation of a composite passivation layer at scratch sites, particularly pronounced after 40 days of immersion. These findings underscore the promising potential of the GH composite as an effective corrosion inhibitor, holding significant promise for the advancement of protective coatings in harsh coastal industrial environments.

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide ( MoSx) has been regarded as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst due to its mild preparation conditions and low-cost precursor materials. In this work, we report a simple strategy combining the growth of amorphous MoSx on the surface of metal organic frameworks (ZIF-67) and annealing treatment to prepare Co-doped MoSx nanopolyhedrons (denoted as CoMoSx NPs). The CoMoSx NPs exhibit excellent HER activity in acid condition with an overpotential of 188 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm− 2 (η10), and a relatively stable overpotential after 2000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles testing. The excellent HER performance of the CoMoSx NPs can be attributed to the doping of Co element adjust the electronic structure and increase the conductivity of catalyst, and the nanopolyhedrons structure which can expose more active sites for HER electrocatalytic. This study offers a low-cost and simple strategy to prepare high-activity HER catalyst, which holds great promises in developing advanced electrocatalysts for energy storage.

This study aims to integrate the protection motivation theory (PMT) model and attitude to explore the factors influencing consumers’ usage behavior toward online food delivery platform services (OFDPSs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilitarian value and hedonic value of OFDPSs, which may influence consumers’ attitude, were also included in the integrated research model. This study collected a total of 384 participants who are with experience in using OFDPSs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan for analysis

Many companies seek to position their brands as global players to benefit from favorable quality and prestige inferences. Yet, recent research calls into question whether global brand positioning strategies are invariably beneficial. In many Western markets, the political environment becomes increasingly tense, with nationalism and ethnocentrism on the rise. Against this background, we seek to answer the question: How does political ideology influence the effectiveness of global brand positioning strategies? Do global brand positioning strategies create more value in liberal or conservative environments?

Given the conundrum of moral washing in CSR communication, this research examines the effectiveness of narrative richness using storytelling in marketing. In the process, the moderating role of moral imagination is further explored. An online experiment with a 2 (Narrative Richness: High vs. Low) x 2 (Moral Imagination: High vs. Low) between-subjects factorial design was conducted with two well-known companies (Shell vs. Facebook) suffered from a reputation crisis as the target brands. The results (N = 287) showed that the effects of narrative richness on consumer responses, including positive emotion, negative emotion, and behavioral intention, were significant for Facebook whereas its effect on positive emotion was significant for Shell. Most importantly, the two-way interaction between narrative richness and moral imagination on attitude toward the brand was significant for Shell, indicating that the effect of narrative richness on attitude toward the brand was augmented by moral imagination. In other words, consumers with high moral imagination view narrative-rich messages with virtuous thoughts to figure out the conundrum of CSR communication for the company, and vice versa. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

In recent years E-commerce platforms recommend some products for consumers based on their shopping history and user persona. However, sometimes, unfamiliar products or styles would be recommended to consumers unintentionally or intentionally. Curiosity drives consumers to try but this idea would be declined with the consideration of product fit uncertainty. Augmented Reality (AR) is the integration of digital information with the user‘s environment in real-time (Hilken et al. 2018), it can deal with issues related to physical apprehension that hinder consumers’ online shopping (i.e, clothes, cosmetics), especially for the unfamiliar style. This study aims to investigate whether AR technology could improve consumers' purchase likelihood. Augmented Reality (AR) can enhance customer experiences in a multichannel environment (Hilken et al. 2017). AR Integrates online experiences into the offline experience (Hilken et al. 2018), such as virtual try-on or magic mirrors. Customers often find it difficult to imagine how firms’ products and services fit them personally or fit with their environment (Hilken et al. 2018). Drawn on AR, consumers can easily evaluate the fitness between themselves and the selected products. Prior studies have explored the different underlying processes of why AR technology could improve consumer purchase intention and customer experience. For instance, according to the situated cognition theory, AR creates a feeling of spatial presence (Hilken et al. 2017). The usage of AR benefits mental imagery, improving decision comfort (Heller et al. 2019). AR can compensate for consumers’ need for touch and offer hedonic and/or utilitarian benefits (Gatter et al. 2022). Based on media richness theory, AR offers more information for customers (Hoffmann et al. 2022), which represents a fitting concept for customers to evaluate the product (Javornik 2016).

With the development of social media, most people will use social media to watch the videos of digital influencers to get spiritual comfort, and they will think that digital influencers are like friends who are connected with their own lives. However, most of the previous studies focused on the influence of digital influencers on followers’ behavioral intentions (e.g. loyalty, and purchase intention). They rarely discussed the online social well-being obtained by followers after watching digital influencers' posts. Therefore, this study integrates the attributes of followers (loneliness, low self-esteem, empathy) and the characteristics of digital influencers (social attractiveness, expertise, homophily) to explore the influence of the parasocial interaction established between digital influencers and followers on followers’ online social well-being. This study uses the Internet to collect questionnaires and takes users who have watched digital influencers' posts on social media as the research object. A total of 597 valid questionnaires are collected. The research results show that: the characteristics of digital influencers (social attractiveness, expertise, and homophily), and followers' attributes (low self-esteem and empathy) have positively affected parasocial interaction. It is noteworthy that loneliness has no significant effect on parasocial interaction.

Biomass carbon materials with high rate capacity have great potential to boost supercapacitors with cost effective, fast charging– discharging performance and high safety requirements, yet currently suffers from a lack of targeted preparation methods. Here we propose a facile FeCl3 assisted hydrothermal carbonization strategy to prepare ultra-high rate biomass carbon from apple residues (ARs). In the preparation process, ARs were first hydrothermally carbonized into a porous precursor which embedded by Fe species, and then synchronously graphitized and activated to form biocarbon with a large special surface area (2159.3 m2 g− 1) and high degree of graphitization. The material exhibited a considerable specific capacitance of 297.5 F g− 1 at 0.5 A g− 1 and outstanding capacitance retention of 85.7% at 10 A g− 1 in 6 M KOH, and moreover, achieved an energy density of 16.2 Wh kg− 1 with the power density of 350.3 W kg− 1. After 8000 cycles, an initial capacitance of 95.2% was maintained. Our findings provide a new idea for boosting the rate capacity of carbon-based electrode materials.

To solve the problem of water pollution, researchers have proposed a photocatalytic degradation technology, in which the key factor is the development of efficient photocatalytic materials. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), an n-type semiconductor, has been widely studied due to its suitable band gap (2.7 eV), low cost, easy preparation, non-toxicity, and high photostability. However, the pure-phase g-C3N4 still has defects such as low specific surface area, insufficient visible light absorption, low charge mobility, few active sites for interfacial reaction, and easy recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which leads to the lower photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, this paper focus on the synthesis of g-C3N4-based composites with high photocatalytic activity via lemon juice induction method. Thiourea and lemon juice were selected as precursors, and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as electron mediators were introduced anchoring on the surface of g-C3N4 to build g-C3N4/CQDs with compact interface. The results showed that small-sized CQDs are uniformly distributed on the surface of g-C3N4, and the g-C3N4/CQDs composite has a 2D0D structure, which reduces the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 4% g-C3N4/CQDs for RhB reaches the highest data of 90.9%, and the photocatalytic degradation rate is 0.016 min− 1, which is about 2.3 times that of g-C3N4. After four cycles of photocatalytic reaction, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the material remained at 81.7%. Therefore, the g-C3N4/CQDs synthesized via lemon juice induction has a more stable microstructure, and the charge separation efficiency is greatly improved, which is suitable for practical photocatalytic environmental protection.

With the continuous prosperity and development of the marine industry, the number of ships is increasing while greenhouse gas emissions are rising. In order to meet the relevant international ship emission regulations, the solution of developing electric ships is proposed. As the core device of the electric ship propulsion system, the maturity and applicability of power battery technology play a key role in the development of the electric ship. This article introduces the principles and advantages of the fuel cell, lithium-ion battery as well as supercapacitor battery, respectively, and analyzes the application status and challenges of power batteries in existing electric ships. The development direction and problems to be solved of power battery in current and future ship applications are put forward, which can provide a reference for further research.

원남과 티베트는 중국 남서 국경 지역에 위치하고, 여러 민족과 종교가 혼재되어 있어 중국정부가 통치하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한 국 경선의 길이가 길어 국가의 중요한 방어구역이기도 하다. 하지만 이 지역 에 대한 학계의 관심과 연구는 상대적으로 빈약하다. 이러한 상황에서 본 논문은 이 지역들의 소속민족의 발전 및 건설 그리고 이들 지역의 고토수 비(守土固边)에 대해 연구한다. 문헌연구를 통해 국가안보차원에서 소수 민족 마을에 대한 건설과 고토수비현황에 대해 기초시설, 경제발전, 민생 발전, 생태문명 등 네 가지 분야로 깊이 고찰한 다음, 이를 통해 문제점을 발견하고 해결책과 발전방안을 제시하였다.

The remarkable electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene and its derivative grapheme oxide have recently gained great importance, along with the large surface area and single-atoms thickness. In this respect, several techniques of synthesis such as chemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, or chemical synthesis have been discovered. However, the development of graphene with fewer defects and on a large scale poses major challenges; therefore, it is increasingly necessary to produce it in large proportions with high quality. This paper reviews the top-down synthesis approach of graphene and its well-known derivative graphene oxide. Furthermore, characterization of graphene oxide nanomaterial is a critical component of the analysis. The characterization techniques employed to determine the quality, defects intensity, number of layers, and structures for graphene oxide nanomaterial at the atomic scale. This article focuses on the different involved characterization methodology for graphene oxide with their percentage utilization for the past 11 years. Additionally, reviewing all of the characterization literature for the last 11 years would be a difficult task. Therefore, the aim is to outline the existing state of graphene oxide by different characterization techniques and provide a comparative analysis based on their percentage utilization.

현존하는 한자구조의 분석이론은 그 유형과 명칭이 매우 복잡하고 많을 뿐만 아니라, 글자를 식별하고 쓰고 듣는 교육에 있어 그 효과를 알기 어렵다. 여기에서 필자는 간단하고 쉬운 방법으로 축을 이용하는 법을 제시한다. 한자 구조를 가로축, 세로축 및 십자 축으로 하고, 한자를 서로 다른 원수 및 층 유형의 글자로 구분하였다. 중국어, 일어, 한국어의 한자 및 베트남 한자에 대한 다양한 시험을 통해 이 분석 방법이 중화권에서 사용되는 여러 한자와 간화자, 일본 한자, 한국 한자 및 베트남 한자 연구에 활용될 수 있음을 증명하였다. 제시한 양축분석법은 한자와 자의 자음의 이해 및 학습에 있어 보다 진일보한 효과를 형성하여 한자 학습의 난제를 극복하는 데 도움될 것으로 기대한다.