미국선녀벌레는 2009년 발견이후 현재 131개 시군에 15,730ha가 발생되고 있다. 주로 단감 등 10여종 이상의 작물을 흡즙하여 피해를 준다. 2017년 이탈리아 파도바 대학에서 천적인 선녀벌레집게벌(Neodryinus typhlocybae)을 도입하여 국립농업과학원에서 생태특성 조사, 대량사육 기술개발 및 미국선녀벌레 발생 현장에 방사하고 있다. 선녀벌레집게벌은 미국선녀벌레 어린약충(1~3령)에 기생하면 암컷의 비율이 낮고 수컷은 2화 성 개체가 많아져 생산이 비효율적이다. 본 연구에서 어린약충에 기생할 때 보다 노숙약충에 기생할 경우 3배정 도 암컷생산의 비율이 높아졌고, 월동하고 있는 고치들을 5월 중순 무렵에 20℃의 서늘한 곳에 보관하면 우화시 기를 상온에 놓아둔 것에 비해 10일 이상 늦추는 결과를 얻었다.

Radioactive cesium is a heat generated and semi-volitile nuclide in spent nuclear fuel (SNF). It is released gasous phase by head-end treatment which is a pretreatment of pyroprocessing. One of the capturing methods of gasous radioactive cesium is using zeolite. After ion-exchanged zeolite, it is transformed to ceramic waste form which is durable ceramic structure by heat treatment. Various ceramic wasteforms for Cs immobilization have been researched such as cesium aluminosilicate (CsAlSi2O6), cesium zirconium phosphate (CsZr2(PO4)3), cesium titanate (CsxAlxTi8-xO16, Cs2TiNb6O18) and CsZr0.5W1.5O6. The cesium pollucite is composed to aluminosilicate framework and cesium ion incorporated in matrix materials lattices. Many researchers are reported that the pollucite have high chemical durability. In this study, the Cesium pollucite was fabricated using mixtures of aluminosilicate denoted Absorbent product (AP) and Cs2CO3 by calcination and pelletized by cold pressing. The characterization of fabricated pollucite powder and pellets was analyzed by XRD, TGA, SEM, SEMEDS and XRF. The chemical durability of pollucite powder was evaulated by PCT-A and ICP-MS and OES. Thus, the optimal pressure condition without breaking the pellets which is low Cs2O/AP ratio and pelletizing pressure was selected. The long-term leaching test was performed using MCC-1 method for 28 days with the fabricated pollucite pellets. The leachate of leaching test was allard groundwaster and Deionized water and replaced 5 contact periods which is 3 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days and analyzed by ICPMS. The leaching rate was shown two stages. The first stage was rapid and relatively large amount of nuclides were leached. The leaching rate was decreased in the second stage. The fractional release rate of this study was shown same trend. These results were similar to previous studies.

Radioactive Cesium is fission products of spent nuclear fuelwith high heat generating nuclide, having a 30 years half-life. Particularly, it is important to make stable waste form because Cs-137 have high solubility and mobility at ground water. The ceramic waste form has higher thermal and structural stability and lower solubility than glass and cement waste form. Various ceramic waste forms for Cs immobilization have been researched such as aluminosilicate (CsAlSi2O6), phosphate (CsZr2(PO4)3), titanate (CsxAlxTi8-XO16) and CsZr0.4W1.5O6. Cs pollucite is incorporated radio-Cesium to aluminosilicate framework by inorganic ion-exchange with zeolite. Therefore, it is an extremely stable structure. In previous study, we are prepared Cs pollucite pellet with various ratio of Cs precursor/matrix materials, and attempted to evaluate applicability as ceramic waste form. Cs pollucite is produced by mixing Mullite and SiO2 obtained by heat treatment Kaolinite with Cs2CO3 in ratios of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8. Optimized ratio was 0.5 revealed single pollucite phase and the others exhibited CsAlSiO4 phase with pollucite. Cs pollucite of ratio 0.5 was pelletized under various conditions and evaluated performance as waste form. herein, the pellets were cracked on surface and edges broken. Therefore, Cs pollucite having high ratio of matrix materials contained Si and Al was prepared and pelletized, and then waste form was evaluated. The Cs pollucite powder is ratio of Cs precursor/matrix materials were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4. Pollucite powder was mixed with 1.5, 2.0wt% Polyvinyl alcohol as binder, and dried at 70°C for overnight. Afterward, these powders obtained were pressed using punch-die apparatus at 50, 100 bar for 1 hour and the pellets with about dia. 25 mm and height 10 mm was acquired. These pellets were sintered at 1,400°C for 5 hours. Subsequently, the waste forms were evaluated physicochemical test such as compression strength, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and leaching properties analysis.

1분 간격 자동 잎면적 분석을 통해 온도에 따른 담배거세미나방 유충의 섭식과 발육을 조사하였다. 20, 25, 30℃의 세 온도에서 피망 잎을 배지에 부착하여 담배거세미나방 유충에 제공하였고 하루에 한번내지 두번 새로운 잎을 갈아주었다. 30℃에서 담배거세미나방 유충은 탈피 직후 섭식을 즉시 시작하여 1회 섭식은 10~15분 지속하고, 60~90분 간격으로 섭식을 하였다. 이러한 섭식 행동은 약 30~50시간 지속되며 탈피 직전 10~16시간 동안은 섭식이 중단되었다. 탈피 후 앞서의 섭식 패턴은 다음 영기에서 동일하게 반복되었다. 25℃에서 담배거세미나방 유충의 영기 내 섭식 기간은 약 32~53시간 지속되며 탈피 전 비섭식 기간은 16~22시간 지속되었다. 20℃에서는 영기 내섭식 기간은 60~133시간으로 크게 증가하고 비섭식 기간도 11~38시간으로 다른 온도에 비해 길어졌으며 다른 온도와 달리 7령충까지 발육하였다. 2령충에서 고치 형성 전까지의 발육 시간은 20℃에서는 39046분(27.1일)이 소요되었고 25℃에서는 17626분(12.2일), 30℃에서는 14168분(9.8일)으로 조사되었다. 각 온도별 유충의 섭식량은 영기에 따라 지수적으로 증가하였다.

2 week study was conducted to investigate the effects of Interferential Current(IC) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy(KEOMT) on functional constipation. Interventions were applied to spinal segments between T9-L2 which provides innerva˗ tions to the gastrointestinal tract. Subjects(n=24) were randomly allo˗ cated to two treatment groups: the IC group or the KEOMT group. Results for the IC therapy demonstrated significant decrease with the colonic transit time(CTT) as well as scores on the constipation assessment scale(CAS). The frequency of defecations per week had increased significantly(p<0.05). The KEOMT displayed decreased CTT in the left colon region. The scores on the CAS were reduced and frequency of defecations per week had increased significantly (p<0.05). This study not only showed that both modes of therapy improved symptoms of constipation, but also optimized gastrointesti˗ nal content movement, eventuating in a more normalized CTT. In conclusion, both the IC therapy and the Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy have shown to be effective interventions for improving functional constipation.

It was previously pointed out that mutation is the ultimate source of variation. Adequate variation is needed for plant breeding if there is a limitation in natural genetic resources. When the ionizing radiation has been known to cause chromosomal and genomic alternations, it is widely used for inducing mutagenesis. The electron beam as an ionizing radiation is the principal physical mutagens that induces mutation and effectively used in plant breeding. Since dose-response relationships of electron beam in plant species are rarely known, we investigated the seed germination rate and early seedling growth of irradiated seeds of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds., cv Penn-A1) with various electron beam irradiating conditions (1, 1.3, 2 MeV at both 0.03 mA and 0.06 mA with dose of 100 Gy (Gray) and 0.03, 1, 1.3, 2 MeV at 0.03 mA with dose of 200 Gy, respectively) using electron accelerator at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The growth parameters in terms of shoot length, primary root length, and secondary root length showed similar response between 0.06 / 1 (mA / MeV) at 100 Gy and 0.03 / 0.3 (mA / MeV) at 200 Gy. Bentgrass seed germination was mainly affected by the intensity of irradiated dose (Gray). Germination rate was lowered as the irradiated dose increased. On the other hand, early seedling growth was mainly governed not by the dose of radiation but by voltage.

The direct use of mutation is a valuable approach to generate variability in crops. The electron beam, one of the ionizing radiations, has been applied to evaluate its effect on seed germination and early seedling growth of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds., cv Penn-A1). The mature dry seeds were irradiated with various electron beam energies (0.3, 1.0, 1.3, and 2 MeV) and current levels (0.03 and 0.06 mA). Although large variability was existed within each dose, distinct difference of germiability and seedling vigor were not found at 0.3 MeV / 0.03 mA and 0.3 MeV / 0.06 mA beam condition. However, 1.0 MeV / 0.06 mA application most effectively inhibited and retarded seed germination and most severely restricted cotyledon and root growth in early seedling growth. The direct use of electron beam would be a valuable supplementary approach to generate mutants suitable for breeding purposes.