세계적으로 친환경 해충 방제를 위해 식물 추출물을 사용하는 연구가 화학농약에 대한 의존도를 줄이기 위해 진행되고 있다. 제충국 식물은 살충제용 피레트린의 원료로 널리 알려져 있지만, 한국에서 재배된 식물의 추출물과 효능에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 본 연구는 한국에서 재배된 본 연구는 한국에서 재배된 두 가지 제충국 품종에서 피레트린을 추출하는 방법을 비교하였다. 또한, 분리된 피레트린 함유 추출물의 주요 식물 해충 에 대한 효능을 조사하였다. 피레트린 함량은 프랑스에서 수입한 '계통' 품종에 비해 '달마시안' 품종에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 따라서, 달마 시안 품종의 피레트린 추출물을 이용하여 본 연구에 사용하였다. 추출된 피레트린의 양은 추출에 사용된 에탄올 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으 며, 95% 에탄올을 사용했을 때 가장 높은 수준(6,064 ppm/100 g 꽃 건물중)이었다. 총 피레트린 함량과 피레트린 I/II 비율은 만개기에 수확한 꽃 에서 가장 높았다. 추출물의 in vitro 생물검정에서 복숭아혹진딧물의 LC50 값은 34 ppm, 배추좀나방 유충은 69 ppm, 뿌리혹선충 유충은 0.1 ppm이었다. 이러한 결과는 한국에서 재배된 달마시안 꽃의 에탄올 추출물이 식물 해충 방제를 위한 천연 살충제 개발에 유용할 수 있음을 나타냈 다. 본 연구는 한국에서 재배된 T. cinerariifolium var. 달마시안 꽃 추출물이 국내에서 식물 해충을 효과적이고 친환경적으로 방제하는 데 잠재력이 있음을 보였다.

2022년부터 2023년까지 제주도내 키위 시설재배지를 대상으로 계절 초기 볼록총채벌레 발생 경향을 확인하 기 위해서 토양 표면의 잡초, 토양 표면 상단으로부터 60cm, 키위나무를 유인한 덕 상단 15cm에서 10일 간격으로 발생 조사하였다. 하우스 내부에서 발생하는 잡초 10종을 채집하여 조사한 결과, 갈퀴덩굴, 광대나물, 개불알풀, 별꽃, 뽀리뱅이, 황새냉이 6종에서 볼록총채벌레가 지속적으로 관찰되었다. 계절 초기 월동 성충의 비산시기를 확인하기 위해 토양 표면 60cm 위쪽에 설치한 황색 끈끈이트랩에서 2월 하순~3월 중순부터 볼록총채벌레의 발생을 확인하였다. 시설하우스 내부(덕 상단 15cm)와 외부(측장 높이)에 설치한 황색 끈끈이트랩을 비교해보면 시설 내·외부의 볼록총채벌레의 밀도가 증가하고 감소하는 시기가 유사하였다. 종합적인 고찰을 통하여, 발생 양상을 고려한 적절한 방제전략 수립이 요구된다.

Patient-controlled sedation systems, in which the patient has control of sedative administration, have been shown to be effective and safe for patients undergoing minor procedures. Safety depends on the adequacy of the step-wise increase in dose of the sedative, the lockout time and patient’s ability to adjust the effective activation of the handset. While there is no patient-controlled sedation (PCS) system available domestically, we have developed a new purpose-built PCS pump, and determined its degree of precision using a microweight measuring scale. The PCS system was designed to be applied to most intravenous sedatives and work through a newly developed operating software algorithm that titrates the doses and lockout times. Our system titrates the doses through software modification, and for experimental purposes, the number of steps for handset activation by the patient was set to four, and the lockout time was set to 30 s. The degree of precision of the PCS system was tested using an electronic weighing scale. The comparison of the amount infused via the PCS system with weight on the scale showed nearly same patterns at the four infusion stages, and the difference was minimal (3% on average at each infusion step). We designed and manufactured a pilot button-type PCS pump capable of use by the patient for optimal sedation, and confirmed the precise working mechanism of the pump, thereby reducing the margin of error for infusion accuracy to 3% or less on average

본 논문은 필리핀 로컬 스페셜티 커피에 대한 소비자의 선호도를 밝히고 일반커피 대비 스페셜티 커피에 대해 소비자들이 부여하는 가치를 추정하는 것에 목적이 있다. 특히 소비자 잉여를 극대화하는 스페셜티 커피의 최적 가격을 분석하여 커피 농가를 포함한 생산자, 투자자들의 이해를 높이고자 하였다. 주 요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 응답자들의 연령 및 성별에 따라 소비하는 커피의 형태가 다르게 나타남. 그러나 공통적으로 주로 아침에, 집에서, 습관적으로 커피를 섭취함. 가장 선호하는 커피의 맛은 단맛과 쓴맛임. 대부분의 소비자들은 양조 커피, 압착 커피를 소비함. 2. 고품질의 원두를 엄선하여 만들어지는 스페셜티 등급의 커피 한 잔에 대한 소비자의 평균 지불의사가격은 일반 커피 (42페소) 대비 271% 높은 156페소(약 3.2달러)로 분석됨. 연령이 어릴수록, 학력과 소득이 높을수록, 스페셜티 커피에 대한 사전적 인지도가 높을수록, 향후 스페셜티 커피에 대한 구매 의사가 강할수록 스페셜티 커피에 보다 높은 지불의사가격을 표현함. 3. 로컬 스페셜티 커피는 원두 구매, 가공 및 로스팅, 등급 평가 비용이 발생하여 적절한 가격 인상이 요구됨. 기존 일반 커피 가격대비 40% 인상까지 소비자 후생이 증가하는 것으로 나타나는 반면, 스페셜티 커피 가격이 일반커피 가격대비 50% 이상 인상되는 경우에는 소비자들의 후생이 감소하는 것으로 나타남. 4. 필리핀 소비자들이 지역에서 생산된 스페셜티 커피에 대한 높은 선호를 갖고 있다는 점을 고려하면 현지 스페셜티 커피에 대한 대대적인 홍보가 로컬 스페셜티 커피에 대한 인지도를 높이고 시장 확대로 이어질 수 있음. 이는 필리핀 커피 로드맵, 필리핀 농무부의 지속 가능한 발전 계획 목표 달성에 기여할 것임.

Maritime monitoring requirements have been beyond human operators capabilities due to the broadness of the coverage area and the variety of monitoring activities, e.g. illegal migration, or security threats by foreign warships. Abnormal vessel movement can be defined as an unreasonable movement deviation from the usual trajectory, speed, or other traffic parameters. Detection of the abnormal vessel movement requires the operators not only to pay short-term attention but also to have long-term trajectory trace ability. Recent advances in deep learning have shown the potential of deep learning techniques to discover hidden and more complex relations that often lie in low dimensional latent spaces. In this paper, we propose a deep autoencoder-based clustering model for automatic detection of vessel movement anomaly to assist monitoring operators to take actions on the vessel for more investigation. We first generate gridded trajectory images by mapping the raw vessel trajectories into two dimensional matrix. Based on the gridded image input, we test the proposed model along with the other deep autoencoder-based models for the abnormal trajectory data generated through rotation and speed variation from normal trajectories. We show that the proposed model improves detection accuracy for the generated abnormal trajectories compared to the other models.

The kidney is a highly complex organ, and acute or chronic renal diseases can occur with various complications such as diabetes and hypertension. So far, no target specific treatment is available in acute or chronic renal failure, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategy. Recent experimental findings suggest that the renal function and structure can be restored after being treated with various sources of stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss up-to-date findings of the potential of renal progenitor/stem cells in alleviating renal injuries with a focus on preclinical studies. We also review cellular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic function of these cells.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disorder that is manifested by a sudden decrease of renal function within several hours, and AKI remains a significant cause that can lead to increasing morbidity and mortality. Although AKI has been extensively studies in animal models, translating the results from animal studies into clinical use has not been successful due to various factors including basal etiology of kidney deficiency and comorbidities and the complexity of this pathology. As a golden parameter, measuring serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been conventionally used for determining the renal function, however, these biomarkers has been regarded suboptimal to identify renal injuries in early stages. In this study, we attempted to screen other serum biomarkers in early AKI event using cynomolgus monkeys. Two male monkeys, aged 60 months, were subjected to ischemic injury by unilateral clamping of renal pedicles for forty five minutes and then subsequently reperfused; the unclamped kidney was regarded as non-injured controls. Compared with control kidneys, we have found that the concentration of several inflammatory proteins including MCP1, TGFα, GSTα, were higher in the renal vein of injured kidney compared with control side after 24 and 48 hours of AKI. However, changes of serum level of KIM-1, which is one of the most-widely studied marker in rodent studies, were not different after AKI. Our results provide an useful information while developing a novel marker in AKI.

The effect of the ionization energy on the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, pupa was investigated as the hatching rate, longevity and detoxification enzyme activity. The longevity of adult emerging in the pupa decreased depending on the exposure dose of Gray (Gy) in Cx. pipiens. The hatching rate of the F1 generation egg derived from Cx. pipiens pupa treated up to 70 Gy did not show any difference with the control, but the eggs did not hatch 100% at 120 Gy exposure. These results showed that Cx. pipiens was sterilized at 120 Gy. Several detoxifying enzyme (GST, non-specific esterase and MFO) activity of Cx. pipiens adult emerged from pupa irradiated with 120 Gy was investigated. The difference in activity was observed in female than in male irradiated with electron beam. As a result, electron beam irradiation seems to affect enzyme activity as well as induce infertility of Cx. pipiens.

The present study evaluated the susceptibility of field populations of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua larvae to four diamide insecticides—chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, and flubendiamide. All the four diamide insecticides induced 100% mortality in the populations from Seongju (SJ) and Geochang (GC) when treated at a concentration recommended for P. xylostella. However, a very low insecticidal activity was observed in the population from Pyeongchang (PC) with 42.3% 3 d after treatment with chlorantraniliprole. Further, the populations of S. exigua from Cheongju (CJ), Jindo (JD), and Yeonggwang (YG) were not completely controlled by the 4 diamide insecticides. A comparison of susceptibility of S. exigua larvae to chlorantraniliprole between 2014 and 2017 showed that chlorantraniliprole induced 100% mortality in all populations in 2014, whereas a very low insecticidal activity was observed among the populations in 2017. This study can serve as a basis to control pests effectively using diamide insecticides.

The susceptibility of the Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa was evaluated using 46 commercial insecticides. There were 10 kinds of insecticides as benfuracarb, chlorfenapyr, spinetoram, spinosad, abamectin + chlorfenapyr, abamectin + emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr + clothianidin, chlorfenapyr + imidacloprid, clothianidin + spinetoram and dinotefuran + spinetoram, which showed more than 90% mortality against both thrips, F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Since the F. intonsa is more susceptible than F. occidentalis, it is considered that both thrips can be controlled by insecticides that show insecticidal activity on the F. occidentalis. The effect by the elapsed time after treatment of 10 kinds of insecticides was analyzed as LT50 and LT95 values. Benfuracarb was the fastest in 4.3 h (LT50) and 14 h (LT95), and spinetoram showed the most late time at 13.5 h (LT50) and 62.3 h (LT95), respectively.