Cryptotympana atrata belongs to the family Cicadidae, has long been recognized as a damaging plant-sucking pest, and is distributed in East Asian countries. In addition, their cries cause direct harm to us through noise pollution and also reported twig damage in the forest environments. In this study, we isolated strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium that occurred from C. atrata collected this year. Here, we provide the morphological character and molecular phylogenetic relationship of this species. This is the first record of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium viridulum isolated from C. atrata in Korea and provides a candidate strain with potential use for biological agents.

This study was aimed to isolate bacterial inoculants producing chitinase and evaluate their application effects on corn silage. Four corn silages were collected from four beef cattle farms to serve as the sources of bacterial inoculants. All isolates were tested against Fusarium graminearum head blight fungus MHGNU F132 to confirm their antifungal effects. The enzyme activities (carboxylesterase and chitinase) were also measured to isolate the bacterial inoculant. Based on the activities of anti-head blight fungus, carboxylesterase, and chitinase, L. buchneri L11-1 and L. paracasei L9-3 were subjected to silage production. Corn forage (cv. Gwangpyeongok) was ensiled into a 10 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplication for 90 days. A 2 × 2 factorial design consists of F. graminearum contamination at 1.0104 cfu/g (UCT (no contamination) vs. CT (contamination)) and inoculant application at 2.1 × 105 cfu/g (CON (no inoculant) vs. INO (inoculant)) used in this study. After 90 days of ensiling, the contents of CP, NDF, and ADF increased (p<0.05) by F. graminearum contamination, while IVDMD, acetate, and aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05). Meanwhile, aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05) by inoculant application. There were interaction effects (p<0.05) on IVNDFD, NH3-N, LAB, and yeast, which were highest in UCT-INO, UCT-CON, CT-INO, and CT-CON & INO, respectively. In conclusion, this study found that mold contamination could negatively impact silage quality, but isolated inoculants had limited effects on IVNDFD and yeast.

Aging are both global and domestic issues. In Korea, the population aged 65 and over accounted for 14.8% of the total population in 2018 and 14.4% in Jeju island. The Korea National Statistical Office estimates it will reach 41% by 2060. As the elderly population increases, socioeconomic policy changes and researches on health aging have been carried out especially in developed countries. Representative studies are telomere studies and molecular inflammation. Korean researchers also have made efforts to elucidate the secret of aging including TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5)/caveolin study in Jeolla province, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) and molecular inflammation in Gyungsang province. However, Research on aging is still underway and research on gut microbiota started in Jeju province, centering on progeria, is expected to give hope.

현재 농가에서 이용되고 있는 보광등과 난방등의 특성을 조사하고 하우스내 기상 환경과 절화장미의 개화와 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 보광등으로는 LED등(light emitting diode lamp, LED), 메탈할라이드등(metal halide lamp, MH), 고압나트륨등(high pressure sodium lamp, HPS)을, 난방등으로는 나노탄소섬유 적외선등(nano-carbon fiber infrared lamp, NCFI)을 절화장미 재배상 위에 설치하였다. 그 결과 LED와 NCFI의 광도는 각각 6.8μmol·m-2·s-1과 0.4μmol·m-2·s-1으로 매우 낮은 반면, MH와 HPS는 79 ~ 100μmol·m-2·s-1 범위로 높은 편이었다. 또한 LED와 MH는 적외선역에 파장이 없어 발열량이 거의 없었으나, HPS와 NCFI는 적외선역에 파장이 많아 발열이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 공간에서 칸막이로 실험구간을 나누어 실험이 수행되었음에도 불구하고 MH, HPS, NCFI에 의해 온도는 2°C 정도 상승되는 결과를 얻었으나, 습도에서는 처리간 차이가 보이지 않았다. 광도에 상관없이 모든 전등들은 절화장미의 개화를 촉진시켜 무처리구에 비해 적게는 5 ~ 7일, 많게는 12 ~ 14일 개화가 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. 광량이 충분한 봄철에는 전조처리에 의해 개화소요일수가 짧아지는 만큼 절화장도 대조구보다 짧아졌지만, 광량이 부족한 겨울철에는 전조처리에 의해 절화장이 길어져 품질이 향상되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

Chrysanthemums (Dendranthema grandiflorum ‘Iwanohakusen’) were grown in a greenhouse with complete nutrient solution system to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) supplement on salt induced deleterious effects in chrysanthemum plants. The experiment was conducted in plastic pots supplemented with a mixture of upland soil : leaf mold : river sand (3:3:4, v:v:v). Si and salinity were treated in combination with two levels of NaCl (0 and 100 mM) and two sources of silicon (K2SiO3, KSi and silicate fertilizer, SiF) at the same concentration (1.8 mM Si) by weekly-drenching for 12 weeks. Chrysanthemum plants supplemented with Si increased in fresh and dry matter enhancing water content and salinity tolerance. The plants grown under salt stress produced less fresh and dry matter than control plant. However, Si supplement to plants under salt stress ameliorated negative effects of salt stress. In soil, EC and NaCl increased by salt stress were mitigated by Si supplement. Salt stress significantly decreased the contents of K and P in leaf, but Si supplement under salt stress significantly recovered the decreased contents with enormous desorption of K and P in soil. Added Si significantly increased content of available SiO2 with its adsorption by salt stress in soil, which was directly related to Si accumulation in leaf. However, Si uptake by roots was suppressed by salt stress irrespective of Si supplement. Si supplement did not ameliorated the negative effects of salt stress on chlorophyll content and membrane integrity in leaf of chrysanthemum plant although significantly increased Si content in leaf, but reversed pest (Liriomyza trifolii) resistance to above-control level.

흑마늘의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 총당은 5.75±0.03, pH는 4.46±0.06으로 나타났다. 흑마늘와인의 제조 과정에서는 본 발효 과정 중 초기 pH, 초기당도 및 최적온도를 찾아 내었는데 흑마늘와인의 효율적인 발효를 위해 흑마늘액의 초기 pH를 pH 6, 초기당도를 25 brix로 조절한 후 효모를 접종하여 25℃에서 발효하는 것이 적합하였다. 흑마늘와인의 young wine을 제조한 후, 흑마늘 young wine의 최적의 저장조건으로 프랑스산 오크칩을 사용하여 10℃ 저장실에 서 3개월간 저장하여 흑마늘 와인을 완성하였다. 흑마늘 와인의 색도 측정결과 L값 24.78±0.14, a값 2.89±0.53, b값 3.29±0.72로 나타났다.

Background and Purpose: The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is the ratio of blood pressure in the lower legs to that in the arms. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of extracranial carotid arteries determined by B-mode ultrasound is a measurable index of the presence of atherosclerosis. A low ABI and a high carotid IMT are independently related to increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study examined the association between carotid IMT and ABI in patients with ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 116 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke were recruited. Using a pulse wave velocity ABI device along with carotid duplex sonography, we measured carotid IMT and ABI and investigated the correlation between average values. Results: There was a significant difference in carotid IMT between the normal and abnormal ABI groups (P=0.0262). The group with an abnormal ABI was more than five times as likely to have increased carotid IMT as the group with a normal ABI (age, sex-adjusted OR 5.67 (95% CI 1.85~17.38)). The ABI and carotid IMT showed a weak inverse linear correlation in patients with ischemic stroke (correlation coefficient −0.378 after adjusting for age and sex). Conclusion: Our study suggests that an abnormal ABI is associated with a high carotid IMT in patients with ischemic stroke.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of swiss ball program training on lower extremity function of old elderly with mild cognitive impairment. The subjects were 30 mild cognitive impairment eldrly people aged between 65 and 80, who were divided into the swiss ball program training group(n=15) and the control group(n=15). The swiss ball program training group engaged in a 50-minute exercise session using. Lower extremity function scale of the two groups were measured before and after the intervention. The results are as follows. According to the swiss ball program training conducted to examine the effects of the training on lower extremity function, Moreover, the two groups showed significant differences in lower extremity function. These results indicate that virtual reality training is effective in improving lower extremity function. To conclusion, swiss ball program was found to have a positive effect on elderly lower extremity function. Swiss ball program training can be proposed as a form of fall prevention exercise for the mild cognitive impairment. Swiss ball program may be helpful to reduce the incidence of dementia and behavioral complications.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the exercise on elderly balance ability by using hippotherapy and therapeutic ball exercise. 10 patients were assigned to the hippotherapy group and they got with 30 minutes of hippotherapy. Another 10 elderly were assigned to the therapeutic ball group and they got with 30 minutes of therapeutic ball exercise. All procedures were repeated 5 times a week for the total of four weeks. To investigate the participants balancing abilities, the Time“ Up & Go”(TUG) and One Leg Stand Test(OLST) were evaluated. The results of study were significant differences between pre-test and post-test of TUG and OLST(p<.05), and there were no significant differences between hippotherapy and therapeutic ball exercise(p>.05). The conclusion showed that both the hippotherapy and the therapeutic ball exercises were effective on elderly balancing ability. Consequently, it would be better to practice therapeutic ball than hippotherapy for elderly exercise because the more economical and there is less restriction of space than the hippotherapy.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is defined as a gradual, interstitial fibrous disease of the lung parenchyma. PF causes collapse of the lung lobe, which can lead to lung lobe torsion of the other side. A 14-year-old male Pekinese dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University. The chief complaint was acute dyspnea. The dog had a history of chronic cough, which lasted for 18 months, and the cough had recently deteriorated. Tachypnea was observed on physical examination. As a result of thoracic radiographs, ultrasonography, and computed tomography, lung lobe torsion and collapse were diagnosed. A postmortem examination revealed lung lobe torsion of the left cranial lobe and carnification of the right cranial lobe. Histologically, severe and diffuse interstitial fibrosis with distortion of alveolar architecture and severe congestion and/or hemorrhage were observed in the right cranial lobe and left cranial lobe, respectively. Although the cause of pulmonary fibrosis was undetermined, this case showed a typical lung lobe torsion caused by pulmonary fibrosis.

Testes‐derived unipotent male germ‐line stem (GS) cells can acquire multipotency under appropriate culture conditions to become mGS cells which can contribute to all three germ‐layers. This study was designed to investigate the epigenetic characteristics of mGS cells derived from adult mouse testes (maGS cells). The GS cells were isolated from 4 6 week DBA mouse and were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 15% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 1,000 U/ml LIF, 4 ng/ml GDNF at 37℃ in an humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air to derive the maGS cells. The multipotency of maGS cells were verified by morphological and gene expression analyses, teratoma formation upon transplantation into nude mouse and in vitro differentiation ability. Bisulfite genomic sequencing revealed that GS cells had androgenetic DNA methylation pattern at the Igf2‐H19, Gnas‐Nespas , and Dlk1‐Dio3 imprinted gene clusters which changed to hemi‐zygotic embryonic stem (ES)‐cell like pattern in the maGS cells. Western blot analysis, using modification‐ and residue‐specific antibodies, revealed that both maGS and ES cells had similar level of histone di‐methylation at 4th and 27th lysine residue of histone 3 (H3K4me2 and H3K27me2) which represent “bivalent domain” for regulating self‐renewal and differentiation of mouse ES cells. Both maGS and ES cells also shared similar hisone modification for H3K9me2, H3K79me2, H3K9ac and H3K18ac. However, maGS cells had higher level of H3K- 36me2 and H3S10p. These data suggest that maGS and ES cells share several epigenetic characteristics but they also have their own unique epigenetic marks that may be useful as a molecular marker for their identification.