The effects of drying temperature on the drying characteristics of soybeans at the different position in the dryer with 28.1% (±0.8) of initial moisture content were studied. Drying temperatures varied at 35, 45 and 55ºC, with a constant inlet air velocity (3 m/s). The local air velocities at a position 1, 5, and 9 were 0.150 m/s (±0.012), 0.247 m/ s (±0.018) and 0.795 m/s (±0.036), respectively. The drying rate increased as the local air velocity increased from 0.150 m/s to 0.795 m/s. The cracked grain ratio increased as the drying rate increased. To prevent quality degradation of soybeans during hot-air drying, the local air velocity should be considered. Thin-layer drying models were applied to describe the drying process of soybeans. The Midilli-Kucuk model showed the best fit (R2>0.99). Based on the model parameters, the drying time to achieve the target moisture content (15%) was successfully estimated. The drying time was strongly dependent on the position in the dryer and the drying temperature.

The milling characteristics of rice using different milling methods (dry and wet) were investigated. Generally, average particle sizes of dry-milling flours were bigger than those of wet-milling flours due to low moisture content. Three theoretical models for milling, such as the Rittinger, Kick, and Bond model, were applied to characterize the milling process of rice. The wet-milling method showed higher value milling constants including Bond’s work index. Baeksulgi was used to study the effect of the milling method and particle size on rice flour’s physicochemical property (water content, color value, and texture). Moisture content and hardness of Baeksulgi were smaller as the particle size became smaller. L value of Baeksulgi was greater as the particle size became smaller. The energy requirement for the milling of grains to obtain a suitable size of particles was estimated by the grinding models. The results of our study might provide a systematic way to estimate the energy requirement to obtain a suitable particle size by milling

Backgrounds : The action mechanisms of several chemopreventive agents derived from herbal medicine and edible plants have become attractive issues in cancer research. Tea is the most widely consumed beverage worldwide. It have been demonstrated that the active principles of tea sources such as flower extract Camellia sinensis (CSF) and Camellia japonica (CJF)were attributed to their tea polyphenols. We focused on investigating CSF, CJF, mixtures of CSF and CJF has been proven to suppress colonic tumorigenesis. Methods and Results : In this study, human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells were treated with CSF, CJF, mixture of CSF and CJF to examine the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of mixture of CSF and CJF (3 : 1), as well as the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. Cell viability assay, nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation, caspase assay, cytochrome c release, were utilized to dissect the signaling pathways. In mixture of CSF and CJF (3 : 1), CSF appeared most anticancer effect by both MTT assays and the cleavage analysis of apoptosis-related molecules and PARP. Interestingly, we found that CJF make it possible to express the apotosis inducing by CSF in a short time and apoptosis effect of CSF maintained sustainable. Conclusion : In summary, our results from this study suggest that in HT-29 human colon cancer cells (i) CSF treatment causes damage to mitochondria, and (ii) CJF contributed CSF induced apoptotic cell death mediates cytochrome C release, (ⅲ) mixture of CSF and CJF (3 : 1) the potential to function as a chemopreventive agent against colon cancer.

Backgrounds : Camellia sinensis is known to have a very high antioxidant activity, but its petals are small and it is difficult to use it because of its low yield. In comparison Camellia japonica has many petals and yield, however, the biological effects of C. japonica have been less frequently studied. In the present study, we focused on investigating the in vitro antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract from flower of C. sinensis (CSF), C. japonica (CJF) and mixture of CSF and CJF. Methods and Results : Content of total phenolics and total flavonid, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, superoxide anion and hydroxy radical scavenging activity of CSF and CJF were compared in vitro experimetal models. Total phenolics was contained the higer in CJF (172.19±1.65 mgCAE/gEX) than 146.75±0.15 mgCAE/gEX in CSF. And effects of antioxidant measured by reducing power, superoxide anion generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase and hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO4 + H2O2) in a cell-free system was shown higher in mixture of CSF and CJF than BHT, ascorbic acid as a chemical oxidant which was detected by electron spin resonance spectrometry coupled with DMPO spin trapping. These results suggest that Camellia flower extract such as CSF and CJF exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging ROS. Camellia extract contained quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercitrin and kaempferol, which are antioxidant compounds. Conclusion : As a result, the combination of CSF and CJF showed higher antioxidative effect than using CSF or CJF alone.

Background : Plants are the rich source of antioxidants, which plays a very important role in maintaining human health. Their antioxidant property protects cells of different organs of human beings against free radicals and free radical mediated diseases. Even though, there is lack of knowledge on the antioxidant effect of lutein present in plants. In the present study, lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves (Camellia sinensis) which is used as a dietary source. Methods and Results : The procedure adopted for the isolation and purification of lutein using acetone extraction and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is simple and less time consuming. Free radicals scavenging activity of isolated lutein from acetone extract of GreenTea was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power. The isolated lutein scavenged 79% of DPPH radicals at 20 ㎍/㎖ and two fold lower concentration compared to the standard antioxidants (α-tocopherol). No significant differences were found between the reducing power of the lutein and BHT when their concentrations were high. However, significant differences were observed at relatively low concentrations, the reducing power of lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves was stronger than those of their acetone extract and standard antioxidants (BHA). Both electron spin resonance (ESR) and in vitro assay confirmed that lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves, exhibited a greater capacity for scavenging superoxide (O2 •－) and hydroxyl (OH •) radicals than standard antioxidants β-carotene and α-tocopherol respectively. Conclusion : The results proven that lutein isolated from GreenTea leaves has an efficient antioxidant ability, it could serve as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

Background : Lutein, a xanthophyll, consists of chains with 8 conjugated double bounds containing closed rings on each end of the chain. This carotenoid is found in fruits and vegetables, especially dark green leafy vegetables such as green tea. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of purified lutein from green tea on human cancer cell lines containing prostate carcinoma cancer cells (LNCaP). Methods and Results : Prostate carcinoma cancer cells (LNCaP) were cultured and evaluated the inhibitory effect of lutein isolated from green tea compared other carotenoids (β-carotene and lycopene) on cell proliferation. Cyclin D1 and PCNA were evaluated as cell differentiation. In results, PCNA/cyclin regulates the initiation of cell proliferation by mediating DNA polymerase. Under cultural conditions, lycopene remarkably suppressed the PCNA expression prostate cancer cell line LNCaP in higher doses (20 μM - 100 μM) statistically. However, β-carotene and lutein presented the less inhibitory effects on PCNA expression. Determination of PCNA expression in control and treated cells demonstrates that lycopene did affect proliferation in LNCaP cancer cells in dose-dependent manner. However, β-carotene and lutein suppressed the cyclin D1 expression in dose-dependent manner but no in lycopene group. These results indicate that differ carotenoids presented the various suppressive ability of PCNA and cyclin D1 expression in cell proliferation. Conclusion : In conclusion, lutein suppressed the carcinogenesis of induced prostate cancer cell line by acting as a suppressor for inhibiting the expression of cyclin D.

Background: Cyanazine is used as a pre-emergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds of many upland crops worldwide. This study aimed to establish a method to determined cyanazine residue levels in major medicinal crops by using high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection/mass spectometry (HPLC-UVD/MS). Methods and Results: Cyanazine residue was extracted with acetone from the raw products of four representative medicinal plants - Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum and Angelica gigas. The extract was diluted with a large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. It was then purifined using optimized Florisil column chromatography. HPLC analysis conducted using an octadecylsilyl column allowed the successful separation of cyanazine from co-extractives of the samples, and the amount was sensitively quantified by ultraviolet absorption at 225 ㎚ with no interference. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were validated by conducting recovery experiments on each medicinal crop sample fortified with cyanazine at two concentration levels per crop in triplicate. Conclusions: The mean recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 105.3% for the four representative medicinal crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10%, irrespective of the sample types and fortification levels. The limit of quantification of cyanazine was 0.02 ㎎/㎏ as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method was performed by liquid chromatography/MS using selected-ion monitoring technique to clearly identify the suspected residue.

콩 품종육성에 있어 잎의 크기가 종실무게와 관련된 형질 의 초기 분리세대에서 조기선발 지표로서 활용 가능성을 구 명하고자 재래종, 도입종 및 야생종 등 229개 품종 및 유전 자원을 대상으로 단엽과 제1본엽 및 제3본엽과 종실 무게 와의 상관관계를 조사 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시험재료 229개 품종 및 유전자원의 단엽 면적은 3.2 ∼33.8 cm2, 제1본엽 면적은 9.2∼29.5 cm2, 제3본엽 면적은 7.2∼58.9 cm2, 종실의 100립 무게는 2.7∼ 39.0 g의 범위를 나타내었다. 2. 엽 면적과 종실 무게간에는 높은 정의 상관이 있었고, 상관의 크기는 단엽(r=0.80**), 제1본엽(0.75**), 제3 본엽(0.67**) 순으로 나타났다. 3. 엽의 장폭과 종실무게 사이에는 유의한 정의 상관이 있었고 단엽의 길이(0.71)와 폭(0.79)이 제1본엽, 제3 본엽 보다 상관이 높았으며, 엽장보다는 엽폭이 높은 상관을 보였다. 조사된 콩 잎의 장 · 폭비는 상위엽이 높았다. 4. 콩 종실크기와 관련된 생육 초기선발의 간접지표로서 단엽 크기와 단엽의 폭을 이용하는 것이 제일 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.

녹협 호 는 도입 유전자원 와 를 인공교배하여 계통육성으로 선발된 계통으로 계통명은 밀양 호 이다 년 월과 월에 온실에서 시험 재배하여 생육 특성과 풋협 꼬투리의 수량성을 조사한 결과 협채소용으로 유망시 되어 우리나라에서는 처음으로 협채용 강낭콩 신품종 녹협 호 로 선정되었다 녹협 호 는 협채용 꼬투리 수확기의 협색은 녹색이며 성숙기의 협색은 담황색이다 화색과 종피색은 백색이며 종실의 립의 건조된 무게는 이다 협 단면은 둥글며 저온에서 개화 및 착협성이 비교적 우수하고 온실재배에서 협채의 수량성은 당 톤으로 강낭콩 호 보다 증수되었다

"홍영"은 2003년 "대서" 품종과 AG34314 계통 간의 교잡후대에서 유래되었으며, 고령지농업연구소의 감자육종 프로그램을 거쳐 선발되었다. 2006년과 2007년 대관1-102호라는 계통명으로 지역적응시험을 수행하여 주요 생육특성, 괴경특성, 수량성 및 병해특성을 평가하였으며, 2007년 "홍영"으로 명명하여 국립종자관리원에 신품종으로 원하였다. "홍영" 감자는 모양이 둥글고 눈이 얕으며 껍질과 속이 모두 홍색이다. ha당 평균 수량은 37.4톤이

A new kidney bean cultivar, “Noghyeob 1” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2005. “Noghyeob 1” was selected from a cross between KLG50074 and KLG50063. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, green pod color, oval shape of crossed section of pod at the harvesting time for edible pod, white seed coat and middle seed size (21.1 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of edible pod of “Noghyeob 1” was 24.25 M/T per hectare in the yield trials which were carried out at the green house in spring and autumn in 2005. It was 7 percent higher than that of the check cultivar “Kangnangkong 1”.