Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NFW) contains a large amount of phenolic acid and flavonoids, and is popular as a superfood in Myanmar. NFW has various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties; however, the anti-cancer effect of NFW have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of water extracts of NFW (WeNFW) and the underlying mechanism in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. The WeNFW inhibited FaDu cell growth in a dose-dependent manner without affecting normal cells (L929), as determined by an MTT assay and Live and Dead assay. In addition, the concentrations of WeNFW without cytotoxicity (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL) inhibited wound healing and colony formation. Furthermore, WeNFW significantly induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in FaDu cells, as determined by DAPI staining, FACS analysis, and western blot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that WeNFW exhibits potent anti-cancer effects by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells, wound healing and colony formation activity. Via mitrochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, WeNFW can provide a natural chemotherapeutic drug for oral cancer in humans.

Asarum sieboldii Miq. (Aristolochiaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant and has been used as traditional medicine for treating diseases, cold, fever, phlegm, allergies, chronic gastritis, and acute toothaches. Also, it has various biological activities, such as antiallergic, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antifungal. However, the anticancer effect of A. sieboldii have been rarely reported, except anticancer effect on lung cancer cell (A549) of water extracts of A. sieboldii . This study investigated the anticancer activity of methanol extracts of A. sieboldii (MeAS) and the underlying mechanism in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeAS inhibited FaDu cells grown dose-dependently without affecting normal cells (L929), as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and live and dead assay. In addition, concentration of MeAS without cytotoxicity (0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL) inhibited migration and colony formation. Moreover, MeAS treatment significantly induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in FaDu cells, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, 4`6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole stain, and western blotting. Altogether, these results suggest that MeAS exhibits strong anticancer effects by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells and the migration and colony formation via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, MeAS can serve as a natural chemotherapeutic for human oral cancer.

Ficus carica L. (fig ) is one of the first cultivated crops and is as old as humans. This plant has been extensively used as a traditional medicine for treating diseases, such as cough, indigestion, nutritional anemia, and tuberculosis. However, the physiological activity of fig leaves on oral cancer is as yet unknown. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of methanol extracts of Ficus carica (MeFC) and the mechanism of cell death in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeFC decreased the viability of oral cancer (FaDu) cells but did not affect the viability of normal (L929) cells, as determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Live and Dead assay. In addition, MeFC induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and western blot analysis. Moreover, a concentration of MeFC without cytotoxicity (0.25 mg/mL) significantly suppressed colony formation, a hallmark of cancer development, and completely inhibited the colony formation at 1 mg/mL. Collectively, these results suggest that MeFC exhibits a potent anticancer effect by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells and colony formation via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, the methanol extract of Ficus carcica leaves provide a natural chemotherapeutic drug for human oral cancer.

Trifolium pratense leaves (red clover) has been used in Oriental and European folk medicine for the treatment of whooping cough, asthma, and eczema, and is now being used to treat and alleviate the symptoms, such as hot flushes, cardiovascular health effects that occur in postmenopausal women. However, relatively little scientific data is available on the physiological activity of this plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of T. pratense leaves using methanol extract of T. pratense leaves (MeTP) on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeTP inhibited the viability of FaDu cells by inducing apoptosis through the cleavage of procaspase- 3, -7, and -9 and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl- 2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live & dead assay, 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blot analysis. In addition, colony formation was slightly inhibited when FaDu cells were treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration (0.125 mg/mL) of MeTP and almost completely inhibited when cells were treated with 0.25 mg/mL MeTP. Collectively, these results indicate that MeTP induced cell apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, and inhibited colony formation of cancer cells in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest MeTP should be considered for clinical development as a chemotherapeutic option in oral cancer.

과일이나 농작물의 부패 및 발효 환경에서는 Methanol, Ethanol, Acetic acid을 비롯한 다양한 화학물질들이 생산된다. Drosophila melanogaster는 이러한 발효·부패 환경에 서식하면서 일정 농도 이상의 다양한 화학물질에 지속적으로 노출되어 생존하도록 적응되어온 것으로 생각된다. 다양한 화학물질이 포함한 환경에 안정적으로 서식하기 위해서는 D. melanogaster는 화학물질에 능동적으로 반응하여 해독 유전자나 대사 관련 유전자의 발현량을 변화 시킴으로써 발효·부패 환경에서 생성되는 화학물질에 대한 높은 내성을 가지고 있을 것으로 판단된다. 현재까지 유전자의 발현량 측정을 위해 real-time PCR를 이용하여 reference gene의 발현량을 기준으로 정량화하는 방법이 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 조직별, 환경별, 발달단계를 비롯한 다양한 조건에서 안정적으로 발현되는 reference 유전자 선정이 필수적으로 선행되어야 하므로 본 연구에서는 발효·부패 환경에서 생산되는 두 화학물질인 Methanol과 Ethyl Acetate에 노출된 D. melanogaster에서 안정적으로 발현되는 reference gene을 찾는 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 농도의 Methanol과 Ethyl Acetate을 D. melanogaster에 노출시킨 후 RNA 추출과 cDNA 합성을 실시였고, 5가지 후보 reference gene (hsp22, nd, rpL18, tbp and ef-1b)의 안정적 발현 여부를 qRT-PCR을 통해 조사하였으며, 유전자 발현의 안정성을 측정하는 3가지 프로그램(geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper)을 이용해 비교·분석하였다. 본 학회에서는 연구의 과정과 그 결과를 발표하고자 한다.

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot is an edible green seaweed that belong to the Codiaceae family and has been used in Oriental medicine for the treatment of enterobiasis, dropsy, and dysuria. Methanol extract of codium fragile has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, although the anti-cancer effect on oral cancer has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and the mechanism of cell death by methanol extracts of Codium fragile (MeCF) on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Our data showed that MeCF inhibits cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and markedly induced apoptosis, as determined by the MTT assay, Live/Dead assay, and DAPI stain. In addition, MeCF induced the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase -3, -7, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP), and upregulated or downregulated the expression of mitochondrial-apoptosis factor, Bax(pro-apoptotic factor), and Bcl-2(anti-apoptotic factor), . Futhermore, MeCF induced a cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase through suppressing the expression of the cell cycle cascade proteins, p21, CDK4, CyclinD1, and phospho-Rb. Taken together, these results indicated that MeCF inhibits cell growth, and this inhibition is mediated by caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways through cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, methanol extracts of Codium fragile can be provided as a novel chemotherapeutic drug due to its growth inhibition effects and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

홍삼 제조 부산물인 홍삼박은 항산화 등 생리활성을 보여줌에 따라 건강기능식품 소재로의 가능성이 높아가고 잇다. 본 연구에서는 홍삼박으로 부터 조산성다당체 추출하고 다당체중에서 항산화 능을 보여주는 산성다당체를 분리 및 정제를 하였다. 계속해서 FT-IR 및 NMR을 이용하여 분자구조적 특성을 분석하였다. 산성다당체의 추출은 10%(w/v) 홍삼박 용액을 원심분리기를 이용하여 불순물을 제거하고 ethanol, methanol, propanol, acetone 및 butanol을 이용하여 최적 용매를 선정하였고, 선정된 용매 ethanol을 이용하여 홍삼박 농도별 추출을 수행하였다. 산성다당체 추출 수율(11.95%) 및 양(11.8 mg/mL) 을 비교한 결과 홍삼박 용액 농도, 10%(w/v)를 최적 농도로 선정을 하였다. 이온교한수지를 이용하여 추출된 조산성다당체로부터 가장 높은 항산화 특성을 보여주는 산성다당체는 증류수로 용출 된 다당체이다. 계속해서 구조분석 결과 C-O, C-O-O-, 및 C-H 결합들과 anomeric C-6의 피크가 나타났고 C-1과 C-6의 피크들이 동일한 강도를 나타내는 것으로 보아 (1→6) glycosidic 결합이 존재함을 보여주어 전형적인 산성다당체의 특성 보여주었다.

Most insects possess two different acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) loci (ace1 and ace2). In contrast, cyclorrhaphan flies,including Drosophila flies, are known to have only a single ace2 locus according to the previous studies. However, sequenceinformation of two different ace genes of Drosophila suzukii have been reported in GenBank. To identify two ace genes(Dsace-A and Dsace-B) in D. suzukii, therefore, we extracted total RNA from 6 individuals and two ace genes successfullywere amplified using gene-specific primers, suggesting that two Dsace genes are transcribed. According to the amino acidsequence analysis, DsAChE-A possesses typical amino acids for 3D structure and catalytic activity of AChE, while someamino acid residues were not conserved in DsAChE-B, suggesting that DsAChE-A and DsAChE-B may be respectivetrue gene and pseudogene of two ace in D. suzukii.

본 연구에서는 어린이 기호식품 중 하나인 과자류(과자, 캔디류, 츄잉껌, 빙과류)에 대하여 1,005건(과자 250건, 캔디류 255건, 츄잉껌 250 건, 빙과류 250건)에 대해 위생 지표 미생물인 일반세균 수, 대장균군/대장균과 더불어 식중독 원인균인 바실러스 세레우스, 클로스트리디움 퍼프 린젠스 및 황색포도상구균에 대한 미생물 검사를 실시하였다. 과자류에 대한 일반세균 수의 경우 전체 시료의 26.8%에서 검출되었고, 검출된 세균 수는 1.7 log CFU/g을 나타내었다. 유형별로 살펴보았을 때에는 과자 250건 중 45.2%의 시료에서 검출되었으며, 빙과류 28.8%, 캔디류 20.0% 및 츄잉껌 13.2% 순으로 검출되는 것으로 확인되었다. 다른 위생지표 세균인 대장균군/대장균의 경우는 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 식중독균을 분석한 결과에서는 캔디류를 제외한 나머지 유형에서 바실러스 세레우스만 검출이 되었고, 평균 검출량은 1.4~1.6 log CFU/g로 현행 식품공전상의 미생물규격인 3 log CFU/g 이하 수준으로 모두 적합한 제품이었다. 이는 식품공전 상에서 정 하고 있는 미생물 규격에 비해서는 낮은 수치로 식품의 제조·유통에는 문제가 없는 것으로 보이지만, 식중독 민감도가 높은 어린이들에게 안전한 식품을 제공하기 위해 합리적이고 과학적인 미생물 기준규격을 고려해야 한다.

PEBAX[poly(ether-block-amide)에 ZIF-8(zeolitic imidazolate framework)의 함량을 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 20 wt%으로 하여 PEBAX-ZIF 복합막을 제조하였다. 기체투과 실험은 압력 6 kgf/cm2 하에서 25, 35, 40°C로 온도를 달리하여 진행되었고,PEBAX-ZIF 복합막의 ZIF-8 함량 변화에 따른 C3H6과 C3H8의 기체투과도와 선택도(C3H6/C3H8)를 조사하였다. C3H6과 C3H8의 투과기체에 대해 ZIF-8 함량 0∼7 wt% 범위에서는 함량이 증가할수록 기체 투과도가 증가하다가 7∼20 wt% 범위에서 함량이 증가하면 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 선택도(C3H6/C3H8)는 PEBAX-ZIF 7 wt% 복합막에서 3.6∼3.8의 값을 가지며, 가장 낮은 활성화에너지 값을 나타냈다.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, and heavy metal binding proteins, which could be induced with heavy metals such as Cd, Hg, Zn and Cu in liver, kidney, and in cultured cells. By using ion exchange chromatography on DE-52, MT was purified from the serum of carp induced with cadmium in order to produce antibody against MT. Polyclonal antibody produced against purified carp MT reacted well with MT in the serum of carp induced with cadmium, whereas control serum did not. This may indicate that the polyclonal antibody against the carp MT could be used for the preparation of biosensors to detect MT in fishes like carp.

In present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of Momordica charantia(as well known “bitter melon”). This study was conducted to determine antidiabetic mechanism of Bitter Melon Extract (BME). We measured blood glucose, insulin, glucagon level in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of high-fat diet/streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes. Five experimental groups were used: normal, HFD/STZ, BME 62.5 mg/kg HFD/STZ, BME 125 mg/kg HFD/STZ and BME 250 mg/kg HFD/STZ. BME was orally administered to the rats every other day for 9 weeks. Results showed that fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the BME 125 mg/kg(150.17 ± 20.22 mg/dL) and 250 mg/kg(124.17 ± 22.17 mg/dL) groups than in the vehicle group(188.83 ± 26.63 mg/dL)(p<0.05). In addition, glucagon levels were lower in the three BME treatment groups than in the vehicle group(p<0.05). Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that the BME 250 mg/kg group had significantly(p<0.05) reduced 120-minute blood glucose levels and areas under the curve. Our results suggest that BME induces antidiabetic effects via the reduction of glucagon and blood glucose levels.

아로니아의 활용성 제고를 위하여 건조방법에 따른 품질 특성을 비교한 결과, 건조과정 중 중량변화율은 진공동결 건조가 81.6%로 가장 많은 중량감소를 나타내었고, 수분함 량은 진공동결건조에서 가장 많은 수분이 감소하였으며, 건조 후 최종 수분함량은 진공동결건조에서 0.99%로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 색도 측정결과, L*값은 건조방법 에 따른 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, a*값과 b*값은 진공 동결건조와 냉풍건조에서 증가하였고, 열풍건조에서는 감 소하였다. 경도는 열풍건조에서는 건조 36시간 이후 급격 하게 증가하였고, 냉풍건조는 서서히 증가하다가 132시간 이후 급격하게 증가하는 모습을 보였다. 건조방법에 따른 품질특성으로 건조수율은 냉풍건조가 24.20%로 가장 높았 으며, 열풍건조 20.40%, 진공동결건조 19.41% 순으로 나타 났다. 일반성분은 생과에서 수분이 61.76%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 조회분은 열풍건조에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 가용성무질소물, 조단백, 조지방은 진공동결건조에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 건조방법에 따른 아로니아의 pH 는 3.84~3.92로 큰 차이가 없었으며, 당도는 동결건조 (6.57°Brix) > 열풍건조(5.37°Brix) > 냉풍건조(4.40°Brix) > 생과(1.07°Brix) 순으로 나타났다. 무기질 함량은 진공동 결건조에서 가장 높았으며, 주요 무기질은 K, Ca, Mg, Na인 것으로 나타났다. 아로니아에 함유된 당은 fructose, glucose 두 종류인 것으로 나타났으며, 진공동결건조가 20.59 g/100g으로 가장 높은 함량을 가진 것으로 나타났다.

The White backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) is one of the serious insect pests in rice growing region in Asia. When rice is attacked by the insect it releases secondary metabolites for self-defense. In this study, we identified WBPH-mediated compounds from a cross ‘Cheongcheongbyeo/Nagdongbyeo’ doubled haploid (CNDH). The compounds were located in chromosome. Leaves and stem of CNDH lines were infected by 2∼3 insta of 3 weeks WBPH and samples were extracted by 90% methanol. Extracted compounds were analyzed through HPLC. TLC was used in separating the target compounds. QTL analysis of compound was done using winQTLcart 2.5 program. Chrysoeriol was highly contained in Cheongcheongbyeo. QTL location is found on chromosome by winQTLcart 2.5. QTL analcited with compound7 was detected on chromosome 4, 7 and 12. qFla4 was detected on chromosome 4 in RM280-RM6909 at LOD 3.5 with 30% of variation. qFla7 was detected on chromosome 7 in RM248-RM1134 with LOD 3.0 with 30% of variation. qFla12 was detected on chromosome 12 in RM1226-RM12 with LOD 2.7 with 40% of variation. Cochlioquinone was detected on chromosome8, qFla8 in RM23230-RM3689 with LOD 2.5 with 30% of variation. Chrysoeriol and Cochlioquinone separated to condition of (Chloroform: Methanol:1-Butanol:Water=4:5:6:4). Separated compounds were analyzed by LC/MS and NMR. These results, investigation is being done to ditermine how the secondary metabolites come lead to pathways of genes and its effect on WBPH relation.

This experiment conducted to identify the changes of the response when white-back planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), were inoculated in 10 days rice leaves after germination. We confirmed the difference between inoculated and uninfected plants by in the different time period (1day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after inoculation). Breeding rice and WBPH maintained at 26∼28℃ with 60 % humidity. 3 leaves plants (TN1, Cheongcheong, and Nagdong) were inoculated with 2∼3 instars WBPH. Harvested rice plant samples were completely dried in dark condition and then samples were completely immersed in a solution of methanol for 3 days under darkness. Dissolving in water and then de-fatted three times with hexane. 100 ppm samples were applied to HPLC, eluting with acetonitrile and 0.1 % acetic acid by C18 (5ph column Agilant) and detected at 254 nm. We confirmed the difference of peak using LC/MS/MS (API-2000). The results showed that three weeks from the day of inoculation was increased at the molecular weight 118.1, 264.2 and 364.2.