The lightweight and high strength characteristics of aluminum alloy materials make them have promising prospects in the field of construction engineering. This paper primarily focuses on aluminum alloy materials. Aluminum alloy was combined with concrete, wood and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) cloth to create a composite column. The axial compression test was then conducted to understand the mechanical properties of different composite structures. It was found that the pure aluminum tube exhibited poor performance in the axial compression test, with an ultimate load of only 302.56 kN. However, the performance of the various composite columns showed varying degrees of improvement. With the increase of the load, the displacement and strain of each specimen rapidly increased, and after reaching the ultimate load, both load and strain gradually decreased. In comparison, the aluminum alloy-concrete composite column performed better than the aluminum alloy-wood composite column, while the aluminum alloy-wood-CFRP cloth composite column demonstrated superior performance. These results highlight excellent performance potential for aluminum alloy-wood-CFRP composite columns in practical applications.

Aurantii Fructus Immature (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) are two important traditional Chinese herbs. As the harvesting time varies, the medicinal value of the plants is not uniform. Consequently, it has been difficult to quickly recognize them within the realm of traditional Chinese medicine. Separation and detection technologies are employed in combination to create fingerprints for identification. We proposed the utilization of graphene-assisted electrochemical fingerprint technology to acquire fingerprints of two varieties of medicinal materials. Simultaneously, we also obtained their fingerprints through HPLC. Two fingerprint recognition technologies were compared for their effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that the signals obtained through electrochemical fingerprinting have a higher recognition rate.

In recent years, supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as fast charge and discharge rate, high power density and long cycle life. Because of its unique porous structure and excellent electrochemical properties, heteroatom-doped porous carbon (HPC) is deemed as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, it is a great challenge to synthesize electrode materials with large surface area, ultra-high porosity and good electrochemical performance. In this work, two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) containing ketones were synthesized by a simple one-step coupling reaction and used as carbon precursors. A series of samples (CMP-Ts) were prepared with the procedures of coupling reaction and carbonization. The optimized carbon material has high specific surface area (up to 2229.85 m2 g− 1), porous structure, high specific capacitance (375 F g− 1 at 0.5 A g− 1), and good cycling stability (capacitance retention of 98.8% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g− 1). Further, the supercapacitor has an energy density of 28.8 Wh kg− 1 at a power density of 5000 W kg− 1. This work lays a foundation for the preparation of carbon materials using microporous polymer as a precursor system, provides a new way of thinking, and demonstrates a great potential of high-performance supercapacitors.

AI recommendation service is adopted in consumption consulting such as high-tech and fashion consumption (Thapliyal & Ahuj, 2021). Now, for high-tech and fashion products, the advance selling strategy is widely adopted. Thus, this study targets to detective the consumers’ preference toward AI agents comparing human agents under advance selling and spot selling. The independent variable of this study is consumption type: Pre-sale Products vs. Spot Products. Pre-sale Products are quite popular currently, especially technological products. Construal-level theory (CLT) offers a valuable framework to explain the mechanisms that trigger evaluations, predictions, and behaviors by linking the degree of mental abstraction (the construal level) to psychological distance (Trope & Liberman, 2000; 2003; 2010). Four dimensions including temporal, special, social, and probability distance are argued to present the psychological distance (Trope et al., 2007). Liberman et al. (2022) discuss the time distance and argue the distant-future events are represented in a more abstract, structured, high-level manner than near-future events. Kim & Duhachek (2020) draw on a dimension of persuasion by AI agents to posit that AI agents are perceived as low-construal agents because of the fact that people hold a lay theory that AI agents do not have superordinate goals and cannot learn from their experiences or possess consciousness like humans do. Consequently, they find that individuals perceive greater appropriateness and are more persuaded when an AI agent’s persuasive messages highlight low-construal as opposed to high-construal features. Moreover, consumers prefer abstract information related to a certain product rather than concrete information when a purchase is to take place in the distant future or when construal levels are high (Hernandez et al., 2015). Thus, this research hypothesizes: When consumers buy pre-sale products (vs. spot products), human agents will be the more favorable service provider than AI agents since the consumer is under a high level of construal. This research proposes to adopt a 2 (Advance Selling vs. Spot Selling) x 2 (Short Psychological Distance vs. Far Psychological Distance) x 2 (AI Agents vs. Human Agents) between groups experimental study to test the main effects and mechanism (H1). Furthermore, this study would identify the key moderating effects to discuss the boundary effects of the mechanism for establishing marketing strategies with AI services for managers.

Core–shell ZIFs wrapped CuO hybrid materials (CuO@ZIF-67(Co)) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and employed as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators to degrade methylene blue (MB). It demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity on account of the unique structure and the synergistic effect between CuO cores and ZIF-67(Co) shells, resulting in complete degradation of MB (10 mg/L) in 1 min. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) research showed that both SO4 − and OH were responsible for the removal of MB. The synergistic activation mechanisms in the CuO@ZIF-67(Co)/PMS system were investigated, which mainly involved the effective electron transfer of CuO and ZIF-67(Co) for accelerating the cycle of CuII/ CuI and CoIII/ CoII. This study broadens the application of MOF-derived materials for wastewater treatment.

Graphite felt is a felt-like porous material made of high-temperature carbonized polymers. It is widely used in electrode materials because of its good temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. In this paper, the surface functional group modification is of graphite felt electrodes (mainly nitrogen doping modification, nitrogen–sulfur or nitrogen–boron co-doping modification) and surface catalytic modification (metal/ion surface modification and metal oxide surface modification as Main). There are two main methods and research progresses to improve the performance of graphite felt electrodes, and the comprehensive performance of surface functional group-modified graphite felt electrodes and surface catalytically modified graphite felt electrodes are compared respectively. The results show that both surface functional group modification and surface catalytic modification can improve the comprehensive performance of graphite felt electrodes. In this paper, the future development direction of graphite felt activation modification is also prospected.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) programs based on motion capture camera are the most convenient and cost-effective approaches for remote rehabilitation. Assessment of physical function is critical for providing optimal VR rehabilitation training; however, direct muscle strength measurement using camera-based kinematic data is impracticable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to indirectly estimate the muscle strength of users from the value obtained using a motion capture camera. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pedaling speed converted using the VR engine from the captured foot position data in the VR environment can be used as an indirect way to evaluate knee muscle strength, and to investigate the validity and reliability of a camera-based VR program. Methods: Thirty healthy adults were included in this study. Each subject performed a 15-second maximum pedaling test in the VR and built-in speedometer modes. In the VR speedometer mode, a motion capture camera was used to detect the position of the ankle joints and automatically calculate the pedaling speed. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess the isometric and isokinetic peak torques of knee flexion and extension. Results: The pedaling speeds in VR and built-in speedometer modes revealed a significantly high positive correlation (r = 0.922). In addition, the intra-rater reliability of the pedaling speed in the VR speedometer mode was good (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] = 0.685). The results of the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant moderate positive correlation between the pedaling speed of the VR speedometer and the peak torque of knee isokinetic flexion (r = 0.639) and extension (r = 0.598). Conclusion: This study suggests the potential benefits of measuring the maximum pedaling speed using 3D depth camera in a VR environment as an indirect assessment of muscle strength. However, technological improvements must be followed to obtain more accurate estimation of muscle strength from the VR cycling test.

E-commerce has been rapidly growing in China which has quickly become the largest e-commerce market in the world. However, this has also led to an increasing number of e-commerce disputes. In practice, such disputes are resolved by online dispute resolution. As the results of online dispute resolution are not legally binding, however, China’s online arbitration procedure has been criticized especially regarding the conflicts between party autonomy and institutional autonomy. China’s judicial reviews would claim that such awards cannot be enforced. Therefore, there is a call to make online arbitral awards enforceable and to expand the application of online arbitration to more e-commerce disputes in China. This paper examines how to best analyse and address such conflicts. We explain the importance of arbitral institutions’ autonomy in terms of ensuring access to justice as well as the importance of limiting party autonomy in certain circumstances due to the rise in online disputes.

In view of the activated carbon pore-forming mechanism, the fractal hypothesis of pore interior growth was proposed by optimizing the structure of Sierpinski sponge. Based on the hypothesis and the definition of fractal dimension, the function relationship between the reaction degree, reaction step length, specific surface area and pore volume was deduced, and the pore fractal growth model of activated carbon activation process was established. Semi-coke, apple charcoal and lychee charcoal were used to prepare activated carbon. The pore size distributions of the activated carbons are in accordance with the fractal growth hypothesis. Further, the reaction degree and reaction step length can be determined by the experimental data of pore and surface structure, which verified the feasibility of the pore fractal growth model.

To improve the pyrolytic carbon (PyC) deposition rate of Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites prepared by the traditional chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method, the 3D Ni/wood-carbon (3D Ni/C) catalyst was introduced into the CVI process. The effects of catalyst on the density of C/C composites were studied, and the deposition rate and morphologies of PyC were investigated after catalytic CVI. The morphologies of catalyst and PyC were characterized by scanning electron microscope and polarized light microscopy. The catalytic deposition mechanism of PyC was studied by density functional theory. The experimental results show that the initial carbon deposition efficiency of the catalytic pyrolysis process was 3–4 times that of the noncatalytic process. The catalyst reduced the energy barrier in the first step of deposition reaction from 382.55 to 171.67 kJ/mol according to simulation results. The pyrolysis reaction energy with Ni catalyst is reduced by 54% than that without the catalyst.

The EU, China, and other WTO members recently released their concluded MPIA with its Annexes I and II as a temporary arrangement to deal with the appeals of panel rulings before the Appellate Body resumes its operation. The WTO dispute settlement mechanism is a complete unit with unique features and inherent logic. Although this arrangement maintains the two-tier process with arbitration to replace the appellate review, there is a fundamental difference between them, which is embodied not only in the dispute settlement process but also in the implementation of the rulings. The challenges that the WTO dispute settlement mechanism encounters are not limited to those procedural issues, but they are also connected with the substantive rules, with which the procedural issues should be jointly resolved. This is the correct way to deal with the current challenges and to reform the multilateral trade regime.

Bi2MoO6 (BMO) via the structure-directing role of CO(NH2)2 is successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal route. The structure, morphology, and photocatalytic performance of the nanoflake BMO are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectrum analysis (PL), UV-vis spectroscopy (UVvis) and electrochemical test. SEM images show that the size of nanoflake BMO is about 50 ~ 200 nm. PL and electrochemical analysis show that the nanoflake BMO has a lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than particle BMO. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by nanoflake BMO under visible light is investigated. The results show that the nanoflake BMO-3 has the highest degradation efficiency under visible light, and the degradation efficiency reached 75 % within 120 min, attributed to the unique hierarchical structure, efficient carrier separation and sufficient free radicals to generate active center synergies. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of TC degradation on the nanoflake BMO is proposed.

복장은 한 사람의 성격을 반영하고 개인의 심미적 수준 및 내재적 수양을 직관적으로 체현한다. 한 민족에게 이는 민족의 문화와 풍속 더 나아가 한 민족의 사상과 심미를 체현한다. 이는 일종 특수한 언어이고 매 역사 시기의 경제적 발전, 생활 환경, 종교적 신앙을 체현하기도 한다. 우리나라의 각 민족의 복장 특징에는 각 민족의 문화 형태가 들어있다. 중국 복장은 5,000년의 발전 역사를 지니고 있고 그 중 만족 복장 중의 치파오는 중국 복장 발전 역사 중 독특한 매력을 지니고 있을 뿐더러 그 속에 숨겨진 의미도 있다. 치파오의 정신에는 민족의 지혜가 숨겨져 있다. 민족의 신앙은 치파오가 수수께끼가 가득한 매력을 지니게 하였다. 어떠한 사회 혹은 민족이든 시시각각 변화하고 있는데 이는 문화 자체 혹은 기타 문화와 서로 접촉하여 생긴 문화적 융합과 변화이다. 치파오는 샤먼 복장 문화의 영향을 받아 한족 문화를 경험하고 또 치파오의 시대까지 오게 되었다. 복장 제도의 제한이든 민족 문화의 영향이든 치파오의 색채와 도안은 사람들이 아름다운 생활 형태에 대한 동경을 표현하였다. 치파오는 중국 전통적인 복장 문화의 중요한 조성 부분으로서 치파오 중의 요소는 역사적 문명을 계승하였을 뿐만 아니라 자신의 민족 특색 또한 보류하였고 참고, 전통, 재창조를 통하여 더욱 잘 융합시켰다. 치파오의 발전과 변화는 민족 복장 사이의 상호 반응에 유력한 작용을 하였다. 치파오의 요소는 이미 세계 복장 문화 속에서 풍부한 시대와 문화적 특징을 체현하였고 현대 복장 디자이너들에게 수많은 영감과 창작 원천을 제공하였다. 이후 치파오는 중국에서만 입는 것이 아니라 세계 적으로도 사랑을 받게 되었으며 현대에 수많은 예복의 양식 또 한 중국 치파오의 스타일 및 꽃무늬 도안을 참고한 것이다. 이러한 전통적인 복장은 현대 디자이너의 눈에는 기타 용도가 있을 것이고 그들의 창작 중 전통적인 ‘중국식 요소’는 새로운 빛을 발하게 될 것이다 — 이는 중국 전통적인 민족 복장이 세상에 가져다 준 서프라이즈와 마찬가지이다.

The development of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has dramatically changed the way of hotel booking. The increasing number of online consumers provides abundant data for demand forcasting in revenue management. The current methods e.g. historical data analysis, normally focus on studying consumers’ behaviors and preferences in the hotel but may not be able to integrate that out of the hotel such as dining, travelling, shopping and entertaining, which will bring crucial references to the co-relationship between these consumption and the way of hotel booking. This research adopts a persona approach to infer consumers’ preference probability by using a variety of real-time data. Quantitative methods are employed. In order to predict the booking needs accurately, this research establish a Bayesian network on the online platform for life service that can be associated with various consumer behavior data. The results indicate that in the environment of uncertain demand, the algorithm is effective and applicable, which will help directors of hotel revenue management in accurate price planning and decision making.

중국 소비자들의 소비영향력이 커지고 있음에도 불구하고 라이프스타일과 명품소비에 관한 연구는 매우 부족 한 실정이다. 본 논문은 중국의 소비 주체인 여성 소비자 중에서 특히 명품소비의 새로운 계층으로 등장한 20대 젊은 여성 소비자 321명에 대해 설문조사를 실시하였으며 그들의 라이프스타일을 분석하고 명품소비행동을 연구하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 20대 중국 여성 소비자들의 라이프스타일(의생활, 식생활, 주생활, 소비생활, 여가생활, 가치관)을 분류한 결과 전통적 보수형, 계획적 성공추구형, 비계획적 소비추구형 3가지 라이프스타일로 분류되었다. 전통적 보수형은 소득수준이 낮고 모든 요인들에 있어서 보수적이고 소극적 태도를 보였며, 계획적 성공추구형은 여성의 사회진출 증가로 인해 사회적 성공을 추구하면서 계획적으로 생활하는 집단이며, 비계획적 소비추구형은 쇼핑을 즐기며 지출을 많이 하는 특성을 보여주었다. 구입한 명품 브랜드의 종류, 연간 명품 구매 수량, 연간 명품 구매 금액 및 명품 구매 이유는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 명품 품목, 명품 구매 장소와 정보원은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 최근 중고명품 시장이 크게 증가하고 있어 새 명품과 중고 명품에 대한 태도와 행동을 비 교한 결과 새 명품의 구매의도와 추천의도가 중고 명품에 비해 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 중국 소비자들에 대한 체계적 연구의 틀과 방법 및 유용한 자료를 제공함으로써 중국 소비자 행동 연구와 라이프스타일 연구, 명품 소비 연구의 학문적 발전에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 기대된다. 또한 명품 브랜 드들이 20대 중국 여성들을 위한 마케팅 전략을 수립하는 데 있어 실무적인 시사점도 제공할 수 있는 것으로 기대된다.