Tungsten-molydiside was synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS). The SHS product with the initial composition of (0.5Mo+0.5W+2Si) contains 23.9% , 40.89% with remaining 9.11% Mo, 9.16% Si and 16.94%W. Lattice parameters of the and determined by Rietvelt analysis were a=0.3206 nm, c=0.7841 nm and a=0.3212 nm, c=0.7822 nm, respectively.

We studied formation of nanostructured -Cu composites under shock wave conditions. We investigated the influence of preliminary mechanical activation (MA) of Ti-B-Cu powder mixtures on the peculiarities of the reaction between Ti and B under shock wave. In the MA-ed mixture the reaction proceeded completely while in the non-activated mixture the reagents remained along with the product . titanium diboride. The size of titanium diboride particles in the central part of the compact was 100-300 nm.

Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn quaternary amorphous alloys of Ti50Cu32Ni15Sn3, Ti50Cu25Ni20Sn5, and Ti50Cu23Ni20Sn7 composition were prepared by mechanical alloying in a planetary high-energy ball-mill (AGO-2). The amorphization of all three alloys was found to set in after milling at 300rpm speed for 2h. A complete amorphization was observed for Ti50Cu32Ni15Sn3 and Ti50Cu25Ni20Sn5 after 30h and 20h of milling, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed that the thermal stability increased in the order of Ti50Cu32Ni15Sn3, Ti50Cu25Ni20Sn5, and Ti50Cu23Ni20Sn7.

The magnetic inductance of nanocrystalline Fe73Si16B7Nb3Cu1 and an amorphous FeSiB powder sheet has been investigated to identify RFID performance. The powder was mixed with binder and solvent and tape-casted to form films. Results show annealing significantly influenced on the inductance of the material. The surface oxidation of the particles was the main reason for the reduced inductance. The maximum inductance of Fe73Si16B7Nb3Cu1 alloy was about 88μH at 17.4 MHz, about 65% greater compared to the FeSiB alloy. The higher inductance in the nanocrystalline alloy indicates it may be used as a potential replacement of current RFID materials.

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods, sheets and flower like structure were done by the sol-gel method using zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide at with 12 hours refluxing time nanorods, in case of as synthesized powder, with diameter of 20-60nm. Annealing at higher temperature (300 and ,) in air ambient changes the morphology to sheet and flower like structure. The standard peak of zinc oxide was observed in IR at . The UV-VIS spectroscopy of zinc oxide shows a characteristic peak at 375nm.

Several titanate powders (, etc.) were synthesized by an ethylene glycol solution route. Titanium isopropoxide and nitrate salts were dissolved in stoichiometric proportions in liquid-type ethylene glycol without any precipitation. The parent precursor sols were dried to porous gels, and then the gels were calcined and crystallized. All synthesized titanate powders had stable crystallization behavior at low temperature and high specific surface area after a simple ball-milling process. A three-component PZT powder was also synthesized successfully by the ethylene glycol method. In this study, the characteristics of the multi-component titanate powders by the ethylene glycol method are examined.

An efficient low-input system (LIS) for fertiliser use in rice cultivation is necessary to reduce fossil energy use and pollution. Japanese people like Japonica rice, especially cv. Koshihikari. However, it has very low lodging resistance in Japanese weather condition. Our objective was to develop a LIS with the minimum sacrifice of grain yield in rice. Koshihikari was grown using conventional fertilization as a control (CON) with 4 g N m-2 ., 8g P2 O5 m-2 and 8 g K2 O m-2 as a basal fertilizer dressing. It was compared with a low fertilizer treatment (LF) with only 4 g P2 O5 m-2 as a basal dressing in the first year and no basal phosphorus fertilizer in the second year. Chopped rice straw was incorporated into the soil before the cropping season in both years. Fertilizer of 4 g N m-2 was top-dressed at 15 days before heading in CON plots and 30 days before heading in LF plots in both years. Lodging was significantly less in LF than in CON plots, however, no rice straw effect was found in low fertilized condition. Grain yields in LF plots were reduced by 15-16% below those of CON plots. Lower yields in LF plots were associated with a reduced number of spikelets per unit area. However, big spikelet size was acquired in LF by 10 days earlier N top dressing than CON plots. A close relationship was found between spikelet numbers and N content of the plant at heading, and between grain yield or shoot dry weight and N content of the plant at maturity. Regardless of the fertilizer application methods, N use efficiency for the number of spikelets, final total dry matter and grain yield was essentially identical among fertilizer treatments. The reduced growth and yield in the LF plots resulted from low absorption of nitrogen. Conclusively, LIS can drastically reduce chemical fertilizer use and facilitate harvest operations by reducing lodging with some yield reduction..