The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary γ-linolenic acid on plasma lipid metabolism and anti thrombotic activity in male Sprague Dwaley Strain rats. Rats weighing an average of 100~120g were fed a experimental diets containing 5% lard (saturated fatty acids), corn oil(linoleic acid), evening promise oil(EPO, 9% γ-linolenic acid) or borage oil(BO, 24% γ-linolenic acid) for 3Odays, respectively. Though there were no significant difference in the food intake among the groups, the body weight gain of the BO group was significantly lower than that of other group. The spleen weight of the lard group was significantly lower than that of other group. The bleeding time of the BO group was significantly longer than that of other group. The blood clotting time was significantly tended to long in EPO and BO groups compared with lard group. The plasma triacylglyceride and total cholesterol concentration were high in order of lard, com oil, EPO and BO, groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma HDL-C concentrations were high in order of BO, EPO, com oil and lard groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma LDL-C concentrations were significantly the highest in lard group, but the lowest in BO group. These data indicate that γ-linolenic acid has a antithrombotic activity, and decrease the plasma triacylglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in rats.

In this study, it should be mentioned that Lipid-LCG can be prepared with the main compound of hydrogenated lecithin in oil-in water emulsion. The results of its physical property and stability are as follows. First, the best suitable compositions of Lipid-LCG are made from 4.0wt% of the hydrogenated lecithin, 4.0wt% of cetostearyl alcohol as emulsifier and gelling agent, 3.0wt% of butylene glycol and 2.0wt% glycerin as moisturizers, 3.0wt% of cyclomethicone, 3.0wt% of isononyl-isononanoate, 3.0wt% of capric/caprylic triglycerides, 3.0wt% of macadamia oil as emollients. Second, As the optimum conditions to form Lipid-LCG, which figured out 6.0 ± 1.0 for pH level, 32kg/mm, min for hardness to make a .essence to be formed the ternary phase of liquid crystal(multi-lamellar type). Third, as the analytical result of this system, it obtained that particle size is 1~8μm level, and is certified with it at 400 and 1,000 magnifications by microscope. The stability of Lipid-LCG is very stable on condition of a low temperature (4℃), a room temperature (25℃) and a high temperature (40℃), which is not to be split in for a long time(for 3-month). We produced our own moisturizing essence, which has a good affinity to skin by means of this system.

Natto is a Japanese traditional food made from whole soybeans by the fermentation of Bacillus natto. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Natto mucilage on lipid metabolism in rats. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum of rats fed Natto mucilage diets were lower than those in control rats, but serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were higher than those in control rats. The results indicate that Natto mucilage may have more beneficial roles in lipid metablism because it decreased serum cholesterol and increased bilirubin excretion.

The effects of the Rhynchosia nulubilis extracts on serum lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100±10g were divided into six groups and fed high fat and high cholesterol diets for four weeks. Experimental groups were administered with following diets; basal fat diet(control) and basal and high fat diets with 1% cholesterol and Rhynchosia nulubilis extract(40mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 4000mg/kg). The concentrations of serum triglyceride in rats fed the Rhynchosis mulubilis extract, high fat, 1% cholesterol, and RN-HFC(-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were lower than those in other groups. The concentrations of total cholesterol in the RN-HFC (-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were lower than those in fat diet groups. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the RN-HFC(-40, -400, 4000mg/kg) groups were significantly higer than those of other groups. The levels of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the RN-HFC(-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were tended to be lower than those of other groups. These results suggest that Rhynchosia nulubilis extract may reduce elevated levels of serum lipid concentrations in rats fed high fat diets.

흰쥐의 식이섭취량에서 각각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤식이에 대나무 잎 추출물을 병합 급여하지 않는 군에 비하여 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한군이 증가하였고, 체중증가량은 각각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이에 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 군에 비하여 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한군이 감소하였다. 식이효율은 지방식이군에 비하여 대조군이 증가하였으나 유의한 없었다. 또한 각각의 지방식이에 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 군에 비하여 대나무 잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군간에는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 중성지질 농도에서 대조군은 241.17 mg/dL 인데 비하여 지방식이군은 249.00 mg/dL으로 증가하였다. 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이군은 254.00~255.50 mg/dL인데 비하여 대나무잎 추출물을 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군은 225.60~240.60 mg/dL으로 감소하였으며 특히3% 농도군이 가장 낮았다. 총콜레스테롤 함량에서 대조군은 96.17 mg/dL에 비하여 지방식이군은 124.50 mg/dL으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 대나무 잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 각각의 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이군은 134.07~199.33 mg/dL인데 비하여 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병함 급여한 군은 101.13~131.80 mg/dL으로 유의하게 감소하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤 농도에서 대조군은 17.50 mg/dL인데 비하여 지방식이군은 18.50 mg/dL으로 증가하였으며, 각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이군에 대나무 잎 추출물을 병합 급여하지 않는 군은 16.00~19.00 mg/dL이나 대나무 잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군은22.00~24.80 mg/dL으로 증가하였다. LDL-cholesterol 함량은 대조군에 비하여 지방 식이군의 함량이 증가하였고, 각각의 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이에 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군은 92.00~111.00 mg/dL 인데 비하여 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 군은 111.17~122.40 mg/dL으로 유의적으로 증가하였으며 동맥경화지수는 대나무잎 추출물을 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of corn peptide(CP) on lipid metabolism. Sprague-Dawley(S.D) male rats were assigned to three dietary groups {control diet(CD), high fat diet (HFD) & high fat com peptide diet(FCD)} and fed 4 weeks to examine the effects of CP. There were no significantly different in cholesterol concentrations in the liver among the groups. However, triglyceride(TG) concentrations of the FCD & CD significantly lower than the HFD. Fecal excretion of neutral steroids & bile acids of the FCD significantly higher than the CD & HFD. Serum total cholesterol TG & LDL-cholesterol concentrations of the FCD & CD significantly lower than the HFD. These results suggest the improvement of lipid composition in serum by CP might be inhibit of lipid absorption in intestine & increment of neutral steroids & bile acids excretion in feces.

As already pointed out increasing the concentration of dried insam with gangjung becomes progressing the antioxidant effect: 1. The antioxidant effect of gangjung with undried insam increased than gangjung and above 6.0% of undried insam is same of the storage stability, 6 months 2. The more increased acid value(AV) and the peroxide value(POV) of susam gangjung the longer period of storage, but there was no significient difference with the kinds of adding methods. 3. Sensory evaluation of preference for flavor gangjung with increased according to increasing concentration of undried insam but 6.0% undried insam in maltose was the best among samples.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of green tea catechins (GTC) on the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD). GTC showed the high SOD activity, while significantly inhibited the peroxide value of linoleic acid (93%) and lipid petoacidation (84%) from rat liver microsomal fraction induced by Fe^(2+)/ascorbate system. The effects of GTC on the SOD and catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation after oral administration were investigated. GTC (50 mg/kg) significantly increased SOD (62%) and catalase activities (75%), while significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation (52%) of rat liver microsome in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that GTC has the antioxidative effect which is related to the prevention of aging and cancer.

The antioxidant effect and sensory evaluation of various concentration of dried insam on gangjung was investigated for 6 months. The results were as follows: 1. The antioxidant effect of each sample were in the rank order of 0$gt;0.5$gt;1.0$gt;1.5$gt;2.0$gt;2.5% of dried insam at 20℃ by acid and peroxide value but the effect did not increase proportionally with increasing concentration. 2. In 3 months, acid and peroxide values increased slowly showing, but after 3 months, acid and peroxide values increased remarkably. 3. The acid value(AV) and the peroxide value(POV) of dried insam gangjung increased according to storage term but there was no significant difference with the kinds of adding methods of dried insam. 4. Sensory evaluation of preference for flavor, texture, taste and total quality of six samples by multiple paired comparison test indicated that gangjung with 1.5% dried insam in maltose was the best among samples.

Lipid peroxidation is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenesis of many carcinogens. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B₁ co-administrated with antioxidant vitamins on lipid contents and fatty acids components of liver in mice. For this work, vitamin C and vitamin E, the major antioxidants, were administrated with 10 ㎎/㎏ and 63.8 ㎎/㎏ respectively, through intraperitoneal(i.p) injection to male ICR mice, and 0.4 ㎎/㎏ of the AFB₁ injected by i.p. lhr later. The results were as follows: two fold amounts of free cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in serum and liver of mice treated with only AFB₁ were observed, when compared to those of mice co-administrated with antioxidant vitamins. However, the levels of phospholipids in serum and liver of mice treated with only AFB₁ were decreased. Concerning to fatty acids composition of liver from AFB₁-treated mice, P/S ratio was shown more low level in cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid than those of mice co-administrated with antioxidant vitamins. In these data which provide with a reliable evidence on their antioxidantal effects to aflatoxicosis.