돈분뇨 발효액을 이용하여 녹색꽃양배추, 양미나리 관비재배 효과를 검정하고 이때의 적정 액비농도를 구명하고자 돈분뇨 발효액을 5, 10, 25 그리고 50배 희석(Ef. 5, Ef. 10, Ef. 25, Ef. 50)하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 작물 재배 후 토양분석결과 두 작물 공히 산도 및 칼륨은 액비농도가 진한 Ef. 5 처리구에서 낮았으나, Ef. 25, Ef. 50 처리구에서는 높았다. 반면 전기 전도도, 인산, 유기물함량, 그리고 질산태 질소는 액비농도가 낮은 Ef. 50 처리구에서 낮았으며, Ef. 5 처리구에서는 높아지는 경향이었다. 식물체 분석은 두작물 공히 총 질소는 액비농도가 진해짐에 따라 식물체내의 농도가 증가되었다. 유효 인산은 처리구에 관계없이 큰 차이가 없었다. 생육과 수량을 살펴보면 녹색꽃양배추의 경우 엽장, 엽폭 및 초장은 Ef. 50에서 생육이 가장 좋았다. 화뢰고와 화뢰폭은 액비농도가 낮은 Ef. 25와 Ef. 50 처리구에서 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 화뢰중 또한 무거웠다. 양미나리 는 엽장에서 Ef. 25와 Ef. 50 처리구에서 컸으며 ,수량은 관행대비 Ef. 25와 Ef. 50 처리구에서 각각 2배 증수되었으나, 고농도 처리인 Ef. 5에서 큰 폭으로 감소되었다. 이상의 결과 녹색꽃양배추 및 양미나리의 관비재배시 발효돈분뇨의 희석농도는 25∼50배가 적정한 것으로 나타났다.

The optimum dosage of quicklime in producing organic fertilizer using livestock wastes with a greater than 80% water content was analysed. After one day had elapsed to allow for the organic fertilizer to dry, the quicklime dosage and the composition of the organic fertilizer were analysed. Any from done to the organic fertilizer was also assessed. The amount of the quicklime required to stabilize livestock wastes was determined by water content of livestock wastes. For J farm(slurry style) of which livestock wastes have 94.6% of water concentration, less than 3% of total amount of livestock wastes, for H farm(scraper style) of which livestock wastes have 85% of water concentration, less then 4% of total livestock wastes and Y farm(traditional style) of which livestock wastes have 80% of water concentration, less then 5% of total livestock wastes. Generally, in order to pack the organic fertilizer, water containing quicklime-stabilized livestock wastes should be less than 35%. It takes 9 days to keep this water content for the wastes from H and Y farms(less than 85% in water content), and 12days for the wastes from J farm(94.6% in water content). According to the classification standard for compost constitution by Higgins, the crude fertilizers from all 3 farms had high grade K2O and CaO, the middle grade T-N and middle or low grade P2O5. Stabilization by quicklime is known to inhibit bacterial decomposition of organic matter and the activity of pathogenic organisms. In this study, more than 99.99% of coliform group, fecal group and viable cell count were reduced. Our results indicate that livestock wastes of greater 80% water content could be used to produce organic fertilizer without the addition of a material for moisture control.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of application levels of nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) in 3 and 4 cuttings per annum on the dry matter yields and nutritive value of orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.). Annual nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) were applied at levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ton ㏊　¹, respectively. Relative yields of each cut to annual dry matter yield were 29.9%, 46.% and 23.2% for 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut in 3 cutting system, 23.7%, 29.3%, 34.0% and ¹3.0% for 1st cut, 2nd cut, 3rd cut and 4th cut in 4 cutting system, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were 8.11 ton ㏊　¹ at level of 40 ton ㏊　¹ yr　¹ in 3 cutting systems, ranges of 7.50~10.71 ton ㏊　¹ at level of 10~80 ton ㏊　¹ yr　¹ in 4 cutting systems than those of non application level of NSC, respectively(p＜0.05). The mean efficiency of dry matter production to application of NSC(㎏ DM/ton NSC) were 46 and 102 ㎏ in 3 and 4 cutting systems, respectively. Although th contents of crude protein(CP, %) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application levels of 10~80 ton ㏊　¹ yr　¹ by NSC than those of the application levels at the 0 ton ㏊　¹ yr　¹ in 3 and 4 cutting systems(p＜0.05), the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF, %) and acid detergent fiber(ADF, %) were lower in NSC plots than those at the non　 application plots of NSC. The contents of total digestible nutrient(TDN, %) and relative feed value(RFV) of orchardgrass were significantly increased with increase the application levels of NSC(p＜0.05).

돈분뇨 발효액비를 양채류인 결구상추의 재배에 비료원으로 활용하면서 환경오염 부담을 경감하고자 강원도 고랭지 지역인 대관령에서 수행한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 돈분뇨 발효액을 토양에 처리하였을 때 대조구인 화학비료시용구에 비해서 결구상추의 생육이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 수량은 돈분뇨 발효액 처리구에서도 저농도인 50배 희석구에서 가장 높았다. 돈분뇨 발효액 처리시 결구상추에 흡수되는 영양소 함량은 대조구인 화학비용시용구에 비해 증가되는 경향이었으며, 돈분뇨 발효액 희석구와 비교할 때 유의성있는 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 시험전 토양에 비해 돈분뇨 발효액를 처리한 후 pH, EC, 토양의 질소(NH4-N, NO3-N), Av. P2O5, Ex. Ca 및 Mg함량은 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. 본 시험결과 돈분뇨 발효액에는 많은 양의 비료성분을 함유하고 있어 과다 시용시에는 작물피해는 물론 토양이나 지하수를 오염시킬 수 있기 때문에 결구상추의 경우 관비재배시 50배 희석하여 시용하면 작물생육과 환경 측면에서 매우 바람직하다고 판단되었다.

Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) experiments for organics and nutrients removal have been conducted to find an optimum anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic cycling time and evaluate the applicability of oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) as a process control parameter. In this study, a 6 ℓ bench-scale plant was used and fed with night-soil wastewater in K city which contained TCODcr : 10,680 ㎎/ℓ, TKN : 6,893 ㎎/ℓ, NH_4^+ -N : 1,609 ㎎/ℓ, PO_4^3- -P : 602 ㎎/ℓ on average. The cycling time in SBRs was adjusted at 12 hours and 24 hours, and then certainly included anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic conditions. Also, for each cycling time, we performed 3 series of experiment simultaneously which was set up 10 days, 20 days and 30 days as SRT. From the experimental results, the optimum cycling time for biological nutrient removal with night-soil wastewater was respctively 3hrs, 5hrs, 3hrs(anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic). Nitrogen removal efficiency was 77.9%, 77.9%, 81.7% for each SRT, respectively. When external carbon source was fed in the anoxic phase, ORP-bending point indicating nitrate break point appeared clearly and nitrogen removal efficiency increased as 96.5%, 97.1%, 98.9%. Phosphate removal efficiency was 59.8%, 64.5%, 68.6% for each SRT. Also, we finded the applicability of ORP as a process control parameter in SBRs.

Environmental impact assessment survey reflecting farmers` opinion on the residence and production space in rural settlement area by ORD showed that more than 86% of respondents thought their reservoirs and waterways (small rivers) were getting seriously contaminated primarily by garbage and livestock manure. A typical rural settlement unit was taken to assess the impact of improper management of livestock manure in the farms on the water quality of small river flowing down along the villages where swine and dairy farms were situated in Daejook 2, 3-ri, Seolseong-myun, Icheon-gun. Nitrogen compounds such as NO3-N, NO2-N, NH3-N, and phosphorus compound HxPO4, DO, BOD5, COD, and microbial density were analyzed to evaluate water quality at five test sites designated along the water stream. Tests showed. for example, BOD5 at site 4 was average 9.2mg/l which was about 3~8 times higher than that of observation site 2 and 3, at which most livestock houses were situated. This is a clear evidence that the nutrients of livestock manure illegally discharged to small river can lead to an eutrophication of the river at downstream. A soil absorption system with aeration could be one of alternatives to treat the contaminated wastewater by livestock manure. The place at downstream, inbetween observation site 1 and 2, could be the best construction site for the treatment facility from the standpoint of the overall treatment efficiency, An enclosed composting system can also be regarded as a good alternative for treatment of the sludge which is the by-product of the soil absorption system operation.

The present study was performed to develop the removal system of the offensive gases, including hydrogen sulfide of acid gas, ammonia or amine of base gas, from the nightsoil treatment plant. In order to remove the offensive gases, the Fe-EDTA system liquid phase catalytic oxidation method with the bubble lift column reactor was employed. From the results obtained it was confirmed that the offensive gases can be deodorized simultaneously and also hydrogen sulfide of acid gas, ammonia of base gas completely removed at pH 6.45. In addition, as input gases feed rate the efficiency of acid gas did not change but the efficiency of base gases decreased to approximately 90% at pH 6.0. From the result of particle size analyzer, it was found that the particle sizes including sulfur and other impurites grew up to 21μm over 72hour reaction time.