The survey was conducted in July first to 15th, among 463 elementary school students, 4th grade to 6th grade in Chonj. The subjects were 252 male and 211 female students. The mean age of the subjects was 9.8 year The percent of relative body weight of the subjects compared to Korean standard was 100.1%, it almost matched to Korean standard. The percent of relative body weight in male students was 100.4%, where as the female's was 99.7%. Thirty six percent of the subjects have breakfast irregularly. The reason skipping breakfast were 'no appetite' 50.5%, 'get up late' 35.8%,' no delicious food' 18.2%. The reason skipping breakfast was significantly different by sex and obese index. The frequency taking snack was significantly different by sex, 34.6% of female subjects took snack more than twice per day, while 16.7% of male subjects did it. The most frequently taking snack were fruits, the points was 4.0 of 5.0. Ramyun, Sundai were taking more frequently among males than females. Females took fruits more frequently than males. Hot dog, ice cream ,and chocolate intakes were significantly different by obese index. The most preference of snack were fruits and ice cream in all subjects. The preference of ramyun, hamburger, egg, chicken, dried squid, milk, peanut, and soft drink were higher in males than in females. Biscuit, ice cream, and chocolate preference were significantly different in obese index.

This study was conducted to find the effect of in-class nutrition education and exercise program for obese adolescent boys in Taegu with the nutrition knowledge test before and after education program and anthropometric measurement. The subjects were consisted of a normal group (NG; n= 13) and an obese group (n=30). The obese group is divided into two groups; obese group A (OG-A; n=12), participated in a ten-week nutrition education only; and obese group B (OG-B; n=28), participated in a ten-week nutrition education and exercise program. The anthropometric data of the three groups were increased after the nutrition education program. However the obesity index(BMI, R hrer, WHR, Skinfold thickness) of OG-B were significantly decreased after the programs. The nutrition intake data were also changed after the nutrition education program. Especially the intake of carbohydrate was significantly decreased in OG-B from 421.5±155.9g to 349.0±41.0g (p〈0.05) after the nutrition education program. It was noted that the intake of Ca was significantly decreased in all three groups after the nutrition education program. The mean score of the nutrition knowledge test also significantly increased from 13.7±3.1 to 17.8±3.0 after the nutrition education program. The result strongly suggested that nutrition education program should be successful if the obese adolescents and their parents especially mothers participated in the same class. In summary, nutrition education and exercise programs were effective on reducing obesity of obese adolescents. Nutrition knowledge of obese adolescent was significantly increased after nutrition education program.

This study was undertaken to assess eating habits and food consumption pattern of 365 adolescent girls in Kwangju area. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on relative body weight as obesity index. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 161.9±19.0cm and 53.3±7.2kg respectively which are similar to those in the Korean Standard Growth data. Mean BMI and relative body weight were 20.50 and 97.1%. Age of menarche in the subjects significantly influenced the obesity index. Food habit score in the underweight group was significantly lower than that in the normal group at α=0.2 level by multiple range test. Obesity was significantly associated with more frequent and irregular eating. It seems that students in the obese group were concerned on their body weight and tended to consume much vegetable. Obese group consumed more fruits, less butter and fruit juice compared to other groups. It might be suggested that more effective nutrition program might be developed and implemented to ensure good food habit of adolescent girls including obese as well as underweight group.

서울시내 일부 지역의 여고생들을 대상으로 일반환경, 식생활 환경, 영양소 섭취실태를 설문조사하여 조사대상자들의 영양섭취와 각 변인과의 관계를 연구하였다. 조사대상자의 부모연령은 40∼49세인 경우가 가장 많았고, 학력은 고졸이 높게 나타났으며 동거 가족수는 4∼5명, 가족의 한달 수입은 100∼150만원이 가장 많았고, 일주일 용돈은 5천원이상이 45.8%이었다. 평균신장은 160.2㎝, 평균체중은 52.3kg, 비만도는 96.8, BMI지수는 20.3, R hrer지수는 1.27이었으며 전체적으로 저체중 쪽으로 기울어 있었다. 또한 조사대상자들은 자신의 바람직한 체중을 표준체중보다 낮게 설정하고 있었으며 저체중군과 정상군일수록 비율이 높았다.(P<0.001) 한편 식습관 점수는 44.17점으로 낮았고 46.7%가 poor group에 속해 식습관이 불량하였다. 1일 1인당 섭취열량은 권장량의 86.4%인 1814㎉, 단백질은 107.7%인 70g을 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 단백질과 비타민 A, 비타민 C를 제외한 대부분의 영양소는 권장량에 미치지 못하였다. 영양소 섭취에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 부모의 학력과 월 총 수입, 식사횟수, 식습관 점수 등였다. 식습관 점수는 부모의 학력, 수입이 증가할수록 높았고 식습관 점수가 높을수록 1일 식사횟수, 간식횟수도 증가하였다. 이상을 종합해보면 조사대상 여고생들은 자신의 체형을 정확히 판단하지 못하고, 자신에게 바람직한 체중도 낮게 설정하고 있고, 올바르지 못한 식습관과 영양소 섭취 실태를 보이고 있다. 여고생들의 불량한 식습관과 저체중 선호하는 실태를 보이고 있다. 여고생들의 불량한식습관과 저체중 선호하는 경향이 다음의 성인기로 이어져 자유로운 식행동을 하게 될 경우 더 큰 문제점을 야기시킬 것으로 생각된다. 그러므로 건강한 체형에 대한 바른 판단과 올바른 식습관의 정립을 위하여 학교와 가정에서의 영양교육이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the biomechanical variables of the walking patterns of the obese children compared with those of normal children would revealing significant differences. Normal(N=25) and obese(N=19) subjects were screened based on a health record which was examined to eliminate any subjects who had any pathological condition related to their gait. Data for a minimum of 5 repeated walking trials were collected using a stop watch and a tape measure. Basic kinematic analyses yielded data based on the following variables : stride length divided by leg length, and cadence divided by leg length. This measurement data was classified by the Obesity Index calculated from by height, weight data. Results showed no significant difference among normal, obese and subjects(p>.05). Difficulties in formulating the experimental condition and poor equipment quality are thought to be reason for the inconclusive results. Future studies might include medical complications such as tibia vara, genu valgum, other diseases caused by obesity.

The difference between self-evaluated obesity and obesity index of RBW and BMI as well as attitude toward weight control were studied among college students in Chungnam area. The subjects of 307 students were randomly selected and asked to categorize their body shape into 5 groups and to record their body weight and height. We found that average RBW and BMI of the students were 95.7% and 20.6, respectively. By RBW, 30.6% of students belonged to underweight and severe-underweight groups whereas 14.0% overweight and obesity ones. The female students showed lower obesity indice than the male. Self-evaluated obesity seemed likely to overestimate their body shapes above RBW and BMI, which lead to high unsatisfactioin toward their body shape. The overestimation was profound in normal weighted female students up to 20%. Misunderstanding about their obesity, especially among female college students, should be corrected necessarily by proper nutrition counseling and nutrition education, unless malnutrition could be serious in college students.

This study was performed to investigate the nutritional knowledge and dietary patterns of 450 high school girls in some areas of Seoul. The survey conducted from September 20 to 25, 1993. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The average height and weight of the subjects were 160.2±5.0cm and 52.3±6.7kg respectively. The average obesity index of the subjects was 96.8±11.7%. Menarche was at 13 years of age in 35.6% of the subjects and at after 14 years of age in 37.3% of them. The average score of nutritional knowledge was 60.04±14.49 and the average score of perceived nutritional knowledge was 83.9±14.44. The mean score of nutritional knowledge was 49.61±13.45. 35.6% of subjects ranked lecture of score as their primary sources of nutritional information. Major dietary problems of subjects were eating rapidly, skipping breakfast, unbalanced diet and choice of snacks according taste. Underweight group showed significantly higher than other groups in unbalanced diet(P<0.01) and showed significantly higher than other groups in taking a medicine(P<0.001). Obese group showed significantly lower than other groups in remaining meals and unbalanced diet(P<0.05) and showed significantly higher than other groups in voereating.

The relationship of obesity and related behaviors was analyzed among 361 primary school children, 4th and 5th grade, in one of private school in Seoul in July 1994. Compared to 1985 Korean Children's Growth Standard, the surveyed children have shown remarkable growth, which is the secular trend in growth of Korean children accompanied with rapid economic growth. But the relative incremental weight was far larger than that of height and this trend was more evident among children over 50th percentile, which shows a wide prevalence of obesity of the surveyed children. By WLI index, 15% of the children was overweight and 13% was obese. The higher the WLI, the more frequent and stronger stress they had. The nutrition knowledge score of obese children was higher compared to others. They were especially sensitive to their physical fitness but many normal or underweight-children also experienced stress due to their body weight and have tried to lose weight by incorrect methods. On the other hand many obese children thought they were optimal or underweight. These results reasserts the importance of nutrition education focused on children aheading puberty. They need to know the correct degree of obesity and to get appropriate education through teachers, dietitians, parents and doctors. The findings of this study could be applied to a nutrition implementation policy to ensure better physical fitness of children aheading puberty in the future.

Effects of a short-period nutrition education program on the dietary behavior and the dietary intake were investigated in sixty nine healthy female college students. Questionnaires for general health information, character type, dietary behavior and dietary intake were answered by the subjects. All the subjects were participated in the nutrition education program which was carried out twice during the study. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their adiposity indices (AI), which are low AI (33 subjects), normal AI (31), and high AI (5). In the normal and the high AI group, the nutrition education program appeared to influence the dietary behaviors of the subjects significantly. However the program did not significantly influence the dietary intake of three groups, except PUFA ratio. It appears that a longer-period nutrition education program is required for influencing both the dietary behavior and the dietary intake of the subjects.

The purpose of this paper it to investigate the differences in prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution on the variances of age. Height, weight, skinfold thickness and girth circumference on about 422 women residing in Cheju, Korea were surveyed. The results of analysis of the survey are as follows : 1) All the antropometric measurements except height were shown to increase with age. Weight is at its highest level between the age of 50-59. The measurement of skinfold thickness and girth circumference between the ages of 20-39 of the female subjects are significantly higher than the above 40's. However, there is no significant difference among the middle aged women. 2) Physical indices tend to increase according to age. Both BMI and RBW of women in their 50's are at their highest values, however, the index values of the women in their 60's decreased slightly (p<0.05). On the contrary, there is no significant difference in the percentage of body fat and total body fat content among the middle aged women surveyed. 3) According to this survey, 15.6% of the 422 subjects are assessed as being obese ; more specifically 4.4% of women in their 20's, 12.6% in 30's, 25.6% in 40's, 22.5% in 50's and 17.3% in 60's. 4) 39.4% among obese women proved to be upper body type women. Because the frequency of upper body type women became higher as the obese women aged, there is possibility that the pattern of fat distribution can change. 5) Weight is the most highly correlated with BMI(r=0.91), whereas weight as correlated with RBW, percentage of BF and WHR are 0.8, 0.66 and 0.44 respectfully. The conclusion of this survey is that it is better to estimate the value of total body fat and percentage of body fat than the value of BMI in the analysis of prevalence of obesity and its related factors of middle aged women.

본 연구는 식생활 태도와 비만·빈혈과의 관계를 알고자 김천시에 거주하는 40대 및 50대 중년 154명를 대상으로 1991년 1월에서 2월까지 조사하였고 자료의 분석은 빈도, 백분율, 평균 및 표준편차, Pearson Correlation에 의해 처리하였다. 조사대상자의 식생활 태도는 평균 31.3이고, 전체의 32.5%가 양호한 식생활 태도를 보유하였다. 각 항목별 평균은 채소류의 매일 섭취가 가장 높았고, 인스턴트식품의 이용율 평균이 가장 낮은 실행율을 나타내었다. 전체 조사자의 34.4%가 비만으로 평가되었고 유의한 상관을 보인 항목은 규칙적인 아침식사, 일정량의 식사섭취, 식품배합에 대한 관심, 편식을 고치기 위한 노력, 간식의 有無, 식욕, 건강을 고려한 식사, 인스턴트 식품의 이용, 녹황색 채소 및 단백질 식품과 해조류의 매일섭취이며 이중 간식의 有無만이 不의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 전체 조사자의 9.1%가 빈혈로 판명되었고 유의한 상관관계를 보인 식생활 태도 항목은 편식을 고치기 위한 노력, 즐거운 식사, 식욕, 식품첨가물에 대한 주의, 건강을 고려한 식사, 인스턴트 식품의 이용, 녹황색 채소나 채소류·해조류의 매일 섭취, 규칙적인 3食이다. 이중 즐거운 식사, 식욕, 식품첨가물에 대한 관심, 채소류나 유지류의 매일 섭취, 규칙적인 3食 항목은 不의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 비만·빈혈은 식품의 섭취뿐만 아니라 식생활을 영위하는 태도에 의해서 좌우되어질 수 있으므로 영향을 미칠 수 있는 식생활 태도에 관해서는 더욱 세밀한 조사를 하여 바른 식생활 습관을 유도하기 위한 지침 마련과 식생활에 대한 가치관 조성에 보다 관심을 가지도록 노력하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 저소득층 아동·청소년의 신체 활동에 관한 선행연구를 토대로 신체활동상담 프로그램을 개발하고, 이를 아동·청소년에게 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 방법: 인천에 소재한 초등학교 2개교와 중학교 2개교의 재학생 중 저소득층 학생 189명(초등학생 92명, 중학생 97명)이 선정되어 초등학교 46명, 중학교 50명이 실험집단에 배정되어 신체 활동 상담 프로그램이 12주간 진행되었다. 프로그램의 효과 검증은 양적 연구방법과 질적 연구방법을 병행하는 동시적 혼합연구 방법을 사용하였다. 양적 연구에서는 프로그램의 적용 효과를 검증하기 위하여 네 가지 항목, 즉 유연성, 근력, 순발력, BMI를 측정하였다. 신체적 자기개념의 변화를 알아보기 위해 최선인, 정청희, 김병준(2005)의 신체적 자기개념 측정 도구를 사용하였다. 체력검사와 신체적 자기개념 검사 모두 사전 검사, 사후검사, 지연검사를 12주 간격으로 실시하여 이원혼합 설계 분산분석을 활용하여 자료를 처리하였다. 한편, 질적 연구에서는 양적 연구에 참여한 학생 중 무작위로 초등학생 13명, 중학생 12명을 대상으로 비참여적 관찰, 반구조화 개별 면담, 학생 신체 활동일지를 활용하여 문화 기술적 연구를 시행하였다. 연구 자료는 영역분석과 분류 분석의 절차를 통해 자료의 분석이 이루어졌다. 결과: 양적인 연구에서는 4가지의 체력검사와 6가지의 신체적 자기개념 검사별로 이원분산분석을 실시하여 사후검사에서는 프로그램의 효과가 있다는 것을 확인하였으나 지연검사에서는 일부 요인에서 집단별 평균점수의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 질적 연구에서 학생들은 신체 활동과 영양에 관한 지식, 개인 내적 변화(체력향상, 재미, 건강증진, 학업태도의 변화), 관계향상에서 진전이 있었다고 하였다.

Background : Obesity, a global health problem and a chronic diseases, is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary heart diseases. A wide variety of natural remedies have been explored for their obesity treatment potential. To elucidate the anti-obesity effect of ginsenoside Rg5 : Rk1 (Rg5 : Rk1), a mixture of protopanaxadiol type ginsenosides isolated from Panax ginseng Meyer in a 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods and Results : In order to determinate the anti-obesity effect of Rg5 : Rk1, Oil Red O staining and triglyceride (TG) content was assessed. Furthermore, to elucidate the possible mechanism whether Rg5:Rk1 affects lipid accumulation, mRNA and protein expression analyses of adipocyte markers such as STAT3, PPARγ, CBEPα and ap2 were carried out. Rg5:Rk1 treatment showed an inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation and decrease on TG content. In addition, expression of STAT3, PPARγ, CEBPα and ap2 were decreased in dose dependent manner. Similar to these results, Rg5:Rk1 treatment reduced PPARγ and CEBPα protein expression. Conclusion : Rg5 : Rk1 treatment exhibits anti-adipogenic activity by down-regulation of the STAT3PPARγ/CEBPα pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line.

As the number of obese patients increases, childhood obesity also increases and it is recognized as a big problem because it increases the incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Although thyroid hormone abnormalities sometimes exist in obese patients without thyroid disease, there is still much controversy on the impact of obesity on thyroid hormone test results. Accordingly, the present study investigated the correlation between obesity and thyroid hormone concentrations in children with normal thyroid function. In the present study, 356 patients aged 6-18 years who visited the Chosun University Hospital were randomly selected, after exclusion of those with thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, those with a history of smoking and drinking, and those taking steroids or lipid lowering agents. There were no significant differences in levels of thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (fT4) between males and females. The patients were divided into groups based on serum TSH concentration: group A with TSH < 4.0 μIU/mL and group B with TSH ≥ 4.0 μIU/mL (upper level of normal range). BMI z score, ALT, rGTP, and total cholesterol were significantly higher in group B. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, birth weight, and pubertal development showed that TSH and BMI z score were positively correlated, while fT4 was not correlated with other factors.