영양액을 사용한 고온하의 Growth chamber에서 근류균을 접종한 Alfalfa의 수양시기별 작물명부위에 대한 실표시비의 영향에 관한여 미국 University of Nevada에서 실험한 결과들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 초장과 그장에 대한 실표시비의 효과는 높이 인정되었으나 근장에 있어서는 유의성이 없는 다소의 증가을 보였다. 실표시비의 작물의 용접과 건물수량은 무실표구에 비하여 2배이상의 증가를 보여 실표시비의 높은 효과를 나타냈다. 근류의 착

본 시험은 사초용(飼草用) 호밀의 파종기와 파종량이 사초(飼草)의 생육특성, 월동성 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 서울대(大) 농대(農大) 사초시험포장(飼草試驗圃場)에서 수행되었다. 본 시험에서 호밀의 파종기(播種期)를 9월 8일, 9월28일, 10월18일로 하고 ha당 파종량(播種量)을 80, 130 및 180kg로 하여 9처리(處理) 3반복(反復) 난괴법으로 실시하였다. 호밀의 초장(草長)은 파종기(播種期)에 의하여 영향을 받지 않

저온하(低溫下)의 Growth chamber에서 근유균(根瘤菌)(R-12)를 접종(接種)한 Alfalfa의 수확시기별(收穫時期別) 작물(作物) 각부위(各部位)의 질소시비(窒素施肥)의 효과에 관하여 미국(美國) University of Nevada에서 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)들을 요약(要略)하면 다음과 같다. 초장(草長), 근장(根長) 및 전장(全長)에 있어서는 질소시비(窒素施肥)의 효과가 나타나지 아니하였으며 작물(作物)의 용적(容積)과 건물수량(乾物

파종기(播種期) 이동(移動)에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생장반응(生長反應)을 알아 보고자 1980년(年) 4월(月) 25일(日)부터 6월(月) 24일(日)까지 12일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 6회(回)의 파종기(播種期)를 두고 축산시험장(畜産試驗場) 사료포장(飼料圃場)에서 조생종(早生種) MTC-1과 만생종(晩生種) 수원(水原) 19호(號)를 가지고 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1. 파종기(播種期)가 늦어질수록 출현일수(出現日數)는 단축(短縮

파종기(播種期)를 이동(移動)할 때 수수, 수단그라스, 그리고 수수×수단그라스 교잡종(交雜種)의 생육(生育), 건물축적(乾物蓄積) 및 성분함량(成分含量)의 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향을 알고져 1981~'83년(年)에 포장시험(圃場試驗)으로 실시(實施)하였다. 파종기(播種期)는 4월(月) 16일(日)부터 2주일(週日) 간격(間隔)으로 7처리(處理)를 두었던 바 그 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1 수수속작

Italian ryegrass의 종자생산(種子生産)을 위한 파종적기(播種適期)와 파종적량(播種適量)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 4배체품종인 Tetrone을 공시(供試)하여 '83. 8. 20.~9. 25.까지 10일간격(日間隔)으로 5개(個) 파종기(播種期)와 1~4kg/10a의 4개(個) 수준(水準)의 파종량(播種量)으로 분할구(分割區) 배치(配置) 3 반복(反覆) 시험(試驗)한바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 아래와

수단그라스계 잡종(雜種)인 Pioneer988의 수량(收量)과 잡초억제(雜草抑制) 및 조단백질함량(粗蛋白質含量)에 대한 파종량(播種量)과 제초제(除草劑)의 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 파종량은 ha당(當) 25kg와 50kg으로 처리하였으며 제초처리(除草處理)는 인력제초(人力除草), alachlor 처리, simazine 처리 및 alachlor와 simazine을 복합(複合)처리하였고 대조구로 잡초(雜草) 효임구(效任區)를 두었다. 수량(收量

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 혼파초지(混播草地)에 있어서 Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)의 파종비율(播種比率)과 예취빈도(刈取瀕度)가 첫번째 수확년도(收穫年度)의 목초(牧草) 총(總) 건물생산량(乾物生産量) 식생(植生) 구성비율(構成比率)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 수행(遂行)되었다. Italian ryegrass의 파종량(播種量)을 10a 당(當) 0.3kg 및 1.0kg으로 하여 주구(主區)로 하

침투성살충제 Curaterr(Carbofuran), Cytrolane(Mephosfolan), Disyston(Disulfoton) 립제의 대두 파종용 처리효과를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 공시약제 모두 대두의 입묘에 영향을 주었는데 Carbofuran 4.6mg, 9.2mg(유효성분량) 처리를 제외하고는 Carbofuran 13.8mg 처리를 포함한 Mephosfolan, Disulfoton 처리에서 비교적 낮은 입묘유를 보였다. 2. Carbofuran과 Mephosfolan은 초기의 콩잎에 약해가 비교적 심하였으나 Disulfoton은 약해가 거의 나타나지 않았다. Carbofuran과 Mephosfolan 처리에서는 자엽과 제일본엽에 갈색내지 흑갈색 반점 또는 엽록을 따라 갈색엽소징색이 나타났으며 Disulfoton은 엽선에 약간의 위축징상이 보였다. 그리고 약량의 증가에 따라 약해가 증대하였다. 3. 공시약제 모두 어느 약량에서나 약 3개월에 걸쳐 콩진딧물의 방제효과가 좋았으며 약량이 높아짐에 따라 방제효과가 더욱 좋은 경향을 보였다. 4. 약제처리구에서 두점박이응애의 밀도가 낮어 방제효과를 인정할 수 있었다. 특히 Mephosfolan과 Disulfoton은 처리약량의 증가에 따라 방제효과가 증대하였으며 Disulfoton의 용당 13.8mg(a.i) 처리는 약제처리 82일까지 계속 응애의 밀도가 가장 낮었다. 5. 콩나바아에 의한 콩의 초해율은 처리, 무처리 또는 약량간에 차이가 없었으며 수량에 있어서도 그들 사이에 차이가 없었다. 6. 이상의 결과로 보아 공시약제의 대두 파종용 일회처리로서는 콩진딧물과 두점박이응애의 방제는 가능하나 콩나방의 방제는 어려운 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the meteorological and environmental conditions for a cloud seeding experiment over the Korean peninsula and estimated the available days for the same. The conditions of available days appropriate for a cloud seeding experiment were classified according to four purposes: water resources, drought relief, forest fire prevention, and air quality improvement. The average number of available days for a cloud seeding experiment were 91.27 (water resources), 45.93–51.11 (drought relief), 40.28–46.00 (forest fire prevention), and 42.19–44.60 days/year (air quality improvement). If six experiments were carried out per available day for a cloud seeding experiment, the number of times cloud seeding experiments could be conducted per year in a continuously operating system were estimated as 547.62 (water resources), 275.58–306.66 (drought relief), 241.68–276.00 (forest fire prevention), and 253.14–267.60 times/year (air quality improvement). From this result, it was possible to determine the appropriate meteorological and environmental conditions and statistically estimate the available days for a cloud seeding experiment. The data on the available days for a cloud seeding experiment might be useful for preparing and performing such an experiment.

In this study, we investigated the optimal meteorological conditions for cloud seeding using aircraft over the Korean Peninsula. The weather conditions were analyzed using various data sources such as a weather chart, upper air observation, aircraft observation, and a numerical model for cloud seeding experiments conducted from 2018 to 2019 by the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea Meteorological Administration. Cloud seeding experiments were performed in the seasons of autumn (37.0%) and winter (40.7%) in the West Sea and Gangwon-do. Silver iodide (70.4%) and calcium chloride (29.6%) were used as cloud seeding materials for the experiments. The cloud seeding experiments used silver iodide in cold clouds. Aircraft observation revealed relatively low temperatures, low liquid water content, and strong wind speeds in clouds with a weak updraft. In warm clouds, the cloud seeding experiments used calcium chloride. Observations included relatively high temperatures, high liquid water content, and weak wind speeds in clouds with a weak updraft. Based upon these results, we determined the comprehensive meteorological conditions for cloud seeding experiments using aircraft over the Korean Peninsula. The understanding of optimal weather conditions for cloud seeding gained from this study provide information critical for performing successful cloud seeding and rain enhancement.

The this study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng by direct seeding and transplanting cultivation for develop standard cultivation techniques of wild-simulated ginseng. Bonghwa experimental field were confirm to be suitable location environment for cultivation of wild-simulated ginseng. As a result of this study, the germination rate of wild-simulated ginseng was significantly highest when seed size was over 6.5 ㎜ in the spot seeding cultivation. In the case of transplanting, survival rate was significantly increased when the diameter of root was over 10 ㎜, planting distance was 7 ㎝, and the thickness of soil covering was less then 2 ㎝. The result of growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng by cultivation type, growth of stem in spot seeding cultivation was showed significantly increased when seed size over 6 ㎜, seeding number was 3 grains, and the seeding distance was less then 5 ㎝. Strip seeding cultivation was showed significantly increased in stem and root growth when seeding distance was 30 ㎝ grains and quantity of seeding was less then 23 g. In the case of transplanting cultivation, it’s was showed significantly increased in stem growth when diameter of root was over then 10 ㎜ and direction of rhizome was top and bottom. The results of this study was that to clearly establish the techniques of cultivation of managements and it’s will be suggest contribute to the industrial activation of wild-simulated ginseng.

Background : Recently, the shortage of first planted ginseng field has increased direct seeding cultivation in paddy. Therefore, the demand for the development of ginseng varieties suitable for direct seeding cultivation in paddy has increased. So the aim of this study was selection ginseng varieties and germplasms suitable for direct seeding cultivation in paddy. Methods and Results : We used 13 varieties and 191 lines of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in this study. Ginseng Seeds were harvested at the end of July 2013, sown in mid-November, and were grown for four years in paddy. In 2017, the survey was conducted on 27 items of growth characteristics in accordance with the standards for survey of ginseng variety, and the degree of diseases and physiological disorders. Among ginseng varieties, the growth of Gopoong, Sunwon and Gwumjin were excellent. However, the incidence of physiological disorder was low in Gumpoong and Geumsun. Among the genetic sources, the growth of 7 ginseng lines, such as G04092, G04098, M05015, G07053, G10069 and G10093, were excellent. However, the incidence of physiological disorder was low in 10 lines of ginseng, such as G04020, G04061, G04081, G04092, G05054, G07052, G07053, G10069 and G10093. Conclusion : This result suggests that 5 varieties and 10 lines of ginseng showed outstanding growths in paddy. In the future, we will review the characteristics of root and the content of ginsenosides of ginseng variety and elite lines.

Background : Medicinal crop seeds have low homogeneity and quality of seeds and seedlings because they are self-seeded or produced in farmhouses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic technology for establishment and distribution of seed production technology for stable production of domestic medicinal crops. Methods and Results : The test Agastache rugosa O. K. Kuntze. variety was Jeonnam local variety (Naju species) and was carried out in 2017. The research was divided into two types; seed yield test according to seeding time and seed yield test according to fertilization method. Sowing of the seed yield test according to the seeding time was sown on the seedling tray 4 times from 20 th March to 20 th May at intervals of 20 days, and after the nursery, they were transplanting. The fertilization gave the standard fertilization (N-P-K-compost applied at 12-16-10-600 ㎏/10a) amount before implantation. Sowing of the seed yield test according to fertilization method was sowing in the middle of April. The seedlings were grown for 60 days and then transplanted in the middle of June. Four different fertilization methods were applied and cultivated. Planting density of both tests were spaced 30 ㎝ apart in rows 20 ㎝ apart with non-woven fabric mulching cultivation. The plot design was a randomized block 3 repetitions. Seed yields at the seeding time were the highest at 67 ㎏/10a in sowing on March 20, and the yields decreased as the seeding time passed. Seed yield according to fertilization method was the highest at 75 ㎏/10a in 25% increase control and lowest at 46 ㎏/10a in 50% diminish control. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the seedlings should be cultivated in the middle of March and cultivated by increasing the fertilization rate by 50%.

Background : The insufficient soil moisture due to spring drought causes the germination rate of ginseng seeds to be remarkably lowered and the low seeding depth causes the roots not to be settled but remain in the surface soil containing moisture, resulting in the ill-shaped ginseng. Especially, in the case of paddy soil, the soil environment is often over-humidified or over-dried, resulting in high rate of occurrence of physiological disorders such as rough skin, yellow-colored root and red-colored root, etc. compared to the upland soil, requiring more care in managing the soil. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effects of stamping treatment on the direct seeding cultivation in the paddy soil and to investigate the survival and growth characteristics according to the seeding method. Methods and Results : We investigated the effects of stamping on the emergency rate and growth by using rollers (15, 20, 25, 30 ㎏), and also investigated the growth characteristics according to the direct sowing methods (broadcast planting, motorized seeder, semi-automatic seeder, manual seeder, hoop-type seeder). In the emergency rate of 1-year-old ginseng group directly sowing and treated with trampling, the group treated with 25 ㎏ & 30 ㎏ showed the highest emergency rate & growth, and above-ground & underground parts growth of 1-year-old ginseng by sowing method, there was no significant difference between sowing methods, the emergency rate of motorized seeder and semi-automatic seeder was high. Conclusion : In the paddy soils, the 25 – 30 ㎏ stamping after direct seeding showed superior above-ground growth and emergency rate, and there was no significant difference in growth, but motorized seeder and semi-automatic seeder had a higher rate of emergency in 1-year-old ginseng.

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of seeding rate and depth during broadcast sowing on growth and yield of foxtail millet and proso millet over 2 years. The rate of sowing seeds was adjusted to 5, 7, 10 and 20 kg per ha on foxtail millet, and 5, 10, 15 and 30 kg per ha for proso millet. Sowing depth was 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 cm used tractor rotary attachment for shallow-tilling. The rate of seedlings standing when foxtail millet and proso millet were sowed to a depth of 0.5~5 cm was 72.0~78.0% and 73.0~80.5%, respectively. Plant height and weight at the three-leaf stage after emergence was highest for the treatment with 3 cm rotary depth. As the rate of broadcast seed sowing increased, plant length, diameter, seed length, and seeds on the panicle decreased. The grain yield of foxtail millet was highest with broadcast seed sowing of 10 kg per ha (3652, 3977 kg ha-1) and proso millet was highest at broadcast seed sowing of 15 kg per ha (2226, 2052 kg ha-1) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Therefore, the optimum rate of sowed seeds under broadcast cultivation was 10 kg ha-1 for foxtail millet and 15 kg per ha-1 for proso millet. Optimum sowing depth for foxtail and proso millet under broadcast cultivation was 3 cm, using a rotary tractor attachment for shallow-tilling.