This study intends to use the basic patterns in 3oz bodice and 2oz sleeve padded jackets made for women in their 20s to research the proper ease of 2oz bodice and 2oz sleeve, 4oz bodice and 3oz sleeve padded jackets. The study also proposes a method of designing padded jacket patterns according to padding thickness. The results of this study are as follows: The 2oz bodice and 2oz sleeve padded jackets had the following sizes. The front and back bust, waist, and hip circumferences were calculated as B/4+2.5cm and B/4+3cm, W/4+2.6+3.3(D)cm and W/4+1.5+2.6(D)cm, and H/4+2.8cm and H/4+3cm, respectively. The length of the jacket was 62.4cm, and the sleeve length was calculated as 63.4cm. For the 4oz bodice and 3oz sleeve padded jackets, the front and back bust, waist, and hip circumferences were calculated as B/4+4cm and B/4+4cm, W/4+4.1+3(D)cm and W/4+2.5+3.6(D)cm, and H/4+4.3cm and H/4+4cm, respectively. The length of the jacket was 63.2cm, and the sleeve length was calculated as 64.2cm. The results of this study showed that padded jackets with thicker padding need more ease. For jackets with stitches, the decreased lengths must be added in the pattern length. The 2oz bodice and 2oz sleeve, 4oz bodice and 3oz sleeve padded jackets all scored 4 points or higher in the movement functionality assessment, thus showing outstanding movement functionality.

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and general characteristics, psychological factors, eating habits, dietary behaviors, and health related quality of life using survey of 335 women aged 20 to 29 years in the Seoul and Kyungin areas. The 335 study subjects were divided into 4 groups by BMI (㎏/㎡) levels; normal group(18.5≤BMI≤22.9), overweight group(23.0≤BMI≤24.9), mild obesity group(25.0≤BMI≤29.9), and heavy obesity group (BMI≥30) by Asian-Pacific obesity index criteria. The family income of the heavy obesity group was significantly (p<0.05) less than that of the normal weight group. Psychological factors, such as stress and depression of the normal weight group tended to be higher than those of overweight and obesity groups. The higher BMI level had the lower self-efficacy(p<0.05) among all subjects. As the BMI level increased, the preference for sweet, salty, and hot taste was significantly high. We found that normal weight women had healthier eating habits and dietary behaviors and a higher level of health-related quality of life than did those who were overweight, mildly obese, and heavily obese women. Overweight and mildly and heavily obese women were strongly associated with decreased physical and mental health related quality of life. Therefore, weight loss is desirable, and is likely to be beneficial for health-related quality of life in obese adult women. In conclusion, this study contains evidence to suggest that obesity management programs including different strategies according to obesity are required to determine the types of programs that are suitable for adult women, prior to their initiation of a program. The findings are helpful to inform researchers and practitioners who are seeking to implement appropriate strategies to create positive changes in the health behaviors of obese adult women.

The paper is devoted to the field work carried out by outstanding psychologist Alexander R. Luria and his team in isolated villages in Uzbekistan and mountain Kyrgyzstan (1931- 1932) and its place in cross-cultural studies. Many people of these places never went out of own villages. That time, in the Western social science racist theories that interpreted the differences in ways of thought in terms of biology were popular. These theories were based on application of "standard intellectual tests" to illiterate peoples in Asia, Africa and Latin America. A. Luria has criticized these "standard intellectual tests", and results of his survey gave strong proof of ties between level of social conditions and peculiarities of mental processes but not between race and mind. Long before the famous Western works on comparative psychology and cultural anthropology (J. S. Bruner, M. Cole, P.M. Greenfield, J. Gay, C. Levi-Strauss, etc.) published in 1950-1970-s, the A. Luria' research expedition has anticipated the main directions and results of future crosscultural studies.

본 시험은 ‘만풍배’의 수확시기와 과실크기가 과실의 상온보구력에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 비교하기 위하여 수행되었다. 1. 수확시기가 늦어질수록 과중과 당도가 증가하였고, 경도와 전분함량은 감소하였다. 2. 만개후 160일 전후에 수확되었을 때 고품질 과실을 생산할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 800-700 g 과실을 만개후 153일, 160일, 167일 수확했을 때 상온보구력은 각각 28일, 21일, 17일인 것으로 확인되었다. 4. 700 ~ 850 g의 과실 크기가 ‘만풍배’ 고유의 특성이 가장 잘 발현되는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 내장산국립공원 내장산지구를 대상으로 20년(1991~2010년) 동안의 식생구조 변화 특성을 밝히고자 수행하였다. 현존식생 조사 결과, 굴참나무와 졸참나무가 혼효된 군집이 전체의 56.1%로 가장 높은 비율로 분포하였으며 남사면 급경사지의 굴참나무군집은 17.6%이었다. 능선부에는 소나무군집(5.8%), 계곡사면에는 개서어나무군집이(6.6%) 분포하였으며, 기타 계곡부를 중심으로 느티나무군집과 산벚나무군집 등이 분포하였다. 상대우점치를 고려한 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification과 DCA에 의한 ordination을 분석한 결과, 군집 I(소나무-굴참나무군집), 군집 II(굴참나무군집), 군집 III(개서어나무군집), 군집 IV(낙엽활엽수혼효군집)로 분류되었다. 군집 I의 표본목 수령은 소나무 32년생, 졸참나무 36년생, 군집 II는 굴참나무 64년생, 군집 III은 졸참나무 46년생, 개서어나무 45년생, 군집 IV는 단풍나무 54년생, 층층나무 47년생 등 이었다. Shannon의 종다양도지수는 군집 I은 0.9751~1.4199, 군집 II는 1.0765~1.3278, 군집 III은 1.0353~1.2881, 군집 IV는 1.1412~1.3807이었다. 20년전 연구결과와 비교하여 식생구조의 변화를 분석한 결과, 소나무의 도태, 굴참나무, 졸참나무 등 참나무류의 세력확장, 개서어나무의 세력 증가가 확인되었으며 20년 전의 천이예측과 같이 극상림으로의 천이가 진행되었다. 특히, 굴참나무와 내장산 대표수종인 단풍나무와의 군집분포 특성 및 조릿대 분포면적 변화 분석 결과, 굴참나무군집은 pH, 유기물함량, 치환성양이온함량, 유효인산이 낮은 건조한 지역에 분포하였으며 단풍나무군집은 아교목층을 형성하며 습윤한 계곡부와 사면에 분포하였다. 또한, 20년 전의 연구결과와 마찬가지로 단풍나무는 굴참나무가 교목층에서 우점하는 지역에서는 교목층을 형성하지 못하며 낙엽활엽수혼효군집에서만 14.6%로 교목층을 형성하였다. 20년전 관목층에서 광범위하게 분포하는 조릿대에 의한 종다양성의 감소 경향은 동일하였으나 내장산지구 전체 조릿대의 분포면적은 다소 감소하고 있는 경향이었다.

Yi Yu-mi & Park Jae-hyun. 2012. A comparative analysis of the rhetorical sensitivity of Korean and Chinese university students in their twenties. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). p. 343-365. purpose of this study is to examine cultural differences by comparatively analyzing the rhetorical sensitivity of Korean and Chinese university students in their twenties. Rhetorical sensitivity is a concept proposed by Hart & Burks(1972) that examines the personal traits of an individual when communicating with others. In this study, Eadie & Powell (1991)’s RHETSEN 2 is used to conduct a survey on Koreans and Chinese in their twenties. The result revealed that there is a significant difference between the two countries when it comes to rhetorical reflectors. Compared to Korea, China’s rhetorical reflectors ratio was higher; the ratio of Chinese women’s rhetorical reflectors was especially the highest. Additionally, according to the analysis of rhetorical reflectors survey response, Chinese university students have a stronger tendency to avoid arguments compared to Korean university students. Consequently, although both Korea and China belong to a collectivist culture, individualistic traits tend to appear more distinctly among the younger generation of Korea.

We prepared the polyclonal antibody anti-20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (anti-20α-HSD) against the recombinant full-length protein bovine 20α-HSD in Escherichia coli. The specificity of anti-20α-HSD was demonstrated using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with recombinant bovine 20α-HSD and bovine placental tissues. According to western blot analysis, anti-20α-HSD specifically recognizes the 37-kDa protein bovine 20α-HSD. The protein is not present in untransfected CHO cells. Anti-20α-HSD also recognizes a specific protein in the ovaries and placenta of other animals. Immunostaining was used to detect expression of bovine 20α-HSD protein in the cultured luteal cells during the estrous cycle later.

20ɑ-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20ɑ-HSD) enzyme converts progesterone into biological inactive steroid, thus playing a key role in the termination of pregnancy or estrus cycle and allowing parturition and ovulation to occur in most mammalian animals. However, function and regulation of this enzyme has not known well in primate reproductive physiology. We previously demonstrated the expression level and localization of the 20α-HSD in the reproductive tissues of macaque monkeys of pre-ovulation and pre-parturition period. Also, we amplified about 2005 bp 5'-flanking region from placenta genomic DNA and examined methylation pattern and promoter activity. In present study, we focus on the analysis of molecular characterization of the promoter region by using reporter assay systems. We constructed of deleted mutants (— 890 bp; HSF-2), (— 513 bp; XFD), (— 276 bp; Ap-1) and (— 72 bp; Sp-1) and each mutants were cloned into pGL3-basic vector. These deletion mutants were transfected into CHO cells and co-transfected with Sp-1 or Ap-1 transcription factor plasmids. Compared to — 890 bp and 513 bp promoter fragments alone, transcription activity increased when these constructs were co-transfected with Sp-1 and Ap-1 factor. However, for the absence Ap-1 factor binding site in 276 bp fragment activity dramatically decreased in both transfections. Next, we constructed of 306 bp fragment which is including of Ap-1 binding site and nucleotides converted mutants of the Ap-1 factor binding site. In this result, 306 bp fragment's transcription activity was high as wild type. However, the mutant activity which converted Ap-1 site’s all nucleotide was significantly decreased. These findings are confirmed by gel-shift assay examining Ap-1 binding site on the 20 α-HSD gene upstream region and expression of Ap-1 factor was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot in pre-parturition period placenta and CHO-K1 cell line. Our results indicate that Ap-1 site (— 281 → — 274) (5'-TGTCTCAT-3') plays a crucial role for monkey 20 α- HSD gene transcription.