The multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis) has characteristic color patterns, which show great variability within species. Up to now, it has been well known that main factors affected on individual color pattern variations in the population of H. axyridis are external, physical, and environmental characteristics. Indeed, there is as yet no evidence to indicate whether the variation is genetic or environmental factors. Also the factors which produce this variation are unknown in this species, although it is suspected that much of the variation is under genetic control. However, the genetic relationships among many of color types were investigated by observing the progeny of each particular pairs. It is worth mentioning a few particular breeding cases to illustrate certain facets of variability, and to indicate examples suitable for genetic analysis of the color pattern variation.

  본 논문에서 선형함수의 곱의 형태로 표현된 비선형 함수를 목적식 또는 제약식에 가지는 비선형 최적화 문제를 새로운 변수를 추가하여 선형 Relaxation 최적화 문제로 Reformulation하는 기법을 소개한다. 특히, 선형함수의 곱의 형태를 가지는 비선형 함수를 포함하는 비선형 정수 최적화 문제를 선형 정수 최적화 문제로 Relaxation할 경우 두 최적화 문제의 해가 일치함을 보인다. 또한 소개된 Relaxation 기법을 응용하여, 추가되

화훼장식에서 프레임 디자인 작품의 교육과 적용에 도움이 될 수 있는 이론적 체계 확립에 필요한 기초 자료를 확보하고자 2003년부터 2005년까지 서울, 부 산, 대구, 경기, 광주에 장식된 프레임 디자인 작품 120개를 대상으로 동사적 표현기법의 적용실태와 기법 간의 상관을 분석하였다. 25개 이상의 작품(20.8%)에 사용된 기법에는 세우기(44.2%), 연결하기(42.5%), 둘 러싸기(28.3%), 묶기(27.5%), 덧씌우기(20.8%), 엮기 (20.8%), 교차시키기(20.8%), 조립하기(20.8%)가 있었 다. 작품 당 사용된 동사적 표현기법의 수는 42.5%의 작품에서는 5-7개가, 31.7%의 작품에서는 2-4개가, 23.3% 작품에서는 8-10개가, 2.5% 작품에서는 11-13 개가 사용되었다. 작품에 적용된 기법 중 빈도수가 높 은 세우기, 연결하기, 교차시키기, 묶기, 덧씌우기, 감 싸기는 서로 간 상관이 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 프레 임 디자인을 이용한 작품 제작이나 교육 등을 위해서 는 이들 기법들을 우선적으로 익혀야 될 것으로 생각 된다.

There have been various discussions as to women's images and roles depicted in mass media. I would like to show in this paper how men's and women's roles are presented in the programs and what sorts of the words are used for women as well. The target subjects in this research were news programs, educational programs, and entertainment programs dealing with current affairs broadcasted in the 3 broadcasting stations(KBS, MBC and SBS) during 2 weeks from May 1st through 14th, 2006. I am sure that this research clearly illustrates women's social status in mass media through specific data. I also hope that it helps us to know how our ideas of women in society have changed.

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the acquisition process of the ellipsis at the end of sentences for Koreans who learn Japanese through the contrast of Chinese and English native speakers. The sample of analysis comes from OPI data. The two results below are described in detail: First, Koreans who learn Japanese use more frequently the ellipsis at the end of sentences under the “Existing-Verb-Clauses” than Chinese and English native speakers. However, the acquisition level goes up, the frequency of usage is getting higher to the point where the acquisition process is inclined to be equal at both side (Koreans who learn Japanese vs Chinese and English native speaker). Second, the formality varies more than Chinese and English native speakers, as well as it appears at the beginning level. The formality includes “「けど」,「から」,「て」,「ので」”.The formality of Chinese and English native speakers is similar to Koreans who learn Japanese at the end of the learning stage.

Communication, culture and language cannot be separated from teaching the foreign language. In other words, the successful communication between different cultures required not only linguistic fluency but also cultural competence. Nonverbal expression involved deeply with the cultural dimension of language is rarely taught in language class because it has largely focused on the expression as the language form for a long time. As a result of this fact, it demands to the educational necessity of them. It is needed to be aware of the cultural nonverbal pattern for the effective communication. This study is an attempt to explore the nonverbal expression that has not been much interesting so far in the process of communicating. Therefore, it examines the pattern of the nonverbal expression, the other studies related with this, and Korean textbook represented the nonlinguistic utterance for the purpose of this study. Finally, as based on this research, this study suggests the necessity to teach the nonverbal utterance and the educational plan about them.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). There are many ambiguous words amid the linguistic lives of the Japanese people, and the reasons include the following. First, in terms of the Japanese language, its vocabulary is comprised of over 720,000 words, compared to that of syllables, the minimal unit in pronunciation, consisting of just 112 units. The structure of the Japanese language is composed of (1) ｢wago｣, the original Japanese language of history, (2) Chinese characters, introduced from China, (3) borrowings, originating from the West, and (4) hybrid words, formed by a combination of these languages. Thus, there are many points in which vocabulary use is complex and confusing. Second, compared to the West being nations of hunting and livestock rearing, the Japanese people are an agricultural nation, and as such, priority is placed on the goal of achieving group unity and harmony rather than on the individual. As a result, the linguistic behavior has developed towards a direction that emphasizes politeness and deference and prescribes taciturnity or reserved speaking. Consequently, verbal communication becomes ambiguous due to consideration of others.

Lee, Keun-mo. 2006. Ambiguous Words in the Lives of Japanese People. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). There are many ambiguous words amid the linguistic lives of the Japanese people, and the reasons include the following. First, in terms of the Japanese language, its vocabulary is comprised of over 720,000 words, compared to that of syllables, the minimal unit in pronunciation, consisting of just 112 units. The structure of the Japanese language is composed of (1) ｢wago｣, the original Japanese language of history, (2) Chinese characters, introduced from China, (3) borrowings, originating from the West, and (4) hybrid words, formed by a combination of these languages. Thus, there are many points in which vocabulary use is complex and confusing. Second, compared to the West being nations of hunting and livestock rearing, the Japanese people are an agricultural nation, and as such, priority is placed on the goal of achieving group unity and harmony rather than on the individual. As a result, the linguistic behavior has developed towards a direction that emphasizes politeness and deference and prescribes taciturnity or reserved speaking. Consequently, verbal communication becomes ambiguous due to consideration of others.