This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and diagnose the drought tolerance of Pleurospermum camtschaticum, Cirsium setidens and Parasenecio firmus leaves by using pressure-volume curves. The result of ψosat and ψotlp were lower in Pleurospermum camtschaticum leaves. On the other hand, it appeared that Emax of Pleurospermum camtschaticum was approximately six times higher than that of Parasenecio firmus. The values of RWCtlp is all above 88% showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better, and Vo/DW, Vt/DW, Ns/DW of Pleurospermum camtschaticum leaves were approximately 2~4 times Lower than other ones. Thus, responses to water relations of Pleurospermum camtschaticum, Cirsium setidens and Parasenecio firmus such as ψosat, ψotlp, Emax, ψP,max, RWCtlp were shown that the Pleurospermum camtschaticum leave was higher drought tolerance than Cirsium setidens and Parasenecio firmus leaves.

The protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the antioxidant system under paraquat(PQ) stress was investigated in leaves of 8-week-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. PQ stress caused a decrease of leaf growth including leaf length, width and weight. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated PQ stress induced growth suppression. SNP permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem Ⅱ than in non-treated controls under PQ exposure, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in lettuce leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin were significantly accumulated in the leaves upon PQ exposure. However, the rapid increase of these compounds was alleviated in the SNP treated leaves. PQ treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaves, while SNP prevented PQ induced increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. These results demonstrate that SNP serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge H2O2 to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lettuce leaves in the presence of NO donor under PQ stress were higher than those under PQ stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the lettuce leaves arrested SNP mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant systems. However, PTIO had little effect on lettuce leaves under PQ stress compared with that of PQ stress alone. The obtained data suggest that the damage caused by PQ stress is in part due to increased generation of active oxygen by maintaining increased antioxidant enzyme activities and SNP protects plants from oxidative stress. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative damage induced by PQ stress and thus confer PQ tolerance.

본 연구는 실패내성 척도를 활용하여 무용전공 여학생들의 학년에 따른 실패내성의 발달적 차이와 실패 내성과 내적동기 간 관계를 다차원적으로 알아보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이에 143명의 중학교, 고등학교 무용전공 여학생들을 표집 하여 학년에 따른 실패내성의 차이를 다변량 분산분석(MANOVA)석을 활용하여 검증하였으며, 실패내성과 내적동기 간 관계는 정준상관분석을 통해 알아보았다. 분석결과 학교급별 과제난이도 선호요인은 중학생보다 고등학생이 선호하고 실패내성이 더 낮은 것으로 차이가 나타났으며, 과제난이도 선호 요인은 학년 간 차이를 가장 잘 변별하는 요인으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 과제난이도 선호와 실패 후 감정요인이 재미흥미와 노력요인과는 긍정적인 관계를, 긴장불안과는 부정적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

Drought, salinity and flooding are three important abiotic factors limiting soybean production worldwide. Irrigation, soil reclamation, and drainage systems are not generally available or economically feasible for soybean production. Therefore, productive soybean varieties with tolerance are a cost effective means for reducing yield losses due to these factors. Genetic variability for higher tolerance to drought, salt and flooding is important. However, only a small portion of nearly 200,000 world soybean accessions have been screened to find genotypes with tolerance for use in breeding programs. Evaluation for tolerance to drought, salinity and flooding is difficult due to lack of faster, cost effective, repeatable screening methods. Soybean strains with higher tolerance to the above stresses have been identified. Crosses with lines with drought, salt and flooding tolerance through conventional breeding has made a significant contribution to improving tolerance to abiotic stress in soybean. Molecular markers associated with tolerance to drought, salt and flooding will allow faster, reliable screening for these traits. Germplasm resources, genome sequence information and various genomic tools are available for soybean. Integration of genomic tools coupled with well-designed breeding strategies and effective uses of these resources will help to develop soybean varieties with higher tolerance to drought, salt and flooding.

‘대흑’은 밥밑용 특성이 우수한 단경 내재해 다수성 신품종 육성을 목표로 대립 장류용 품종인 대황콩과 단경 내도복 내재해 다수성 계통인 밀양 79호를 1997년 인공교배하여 계통 육종법으로 선발한 YS1298-2B-20-5-1-1-1 계통이다. 계통명은 ‘밀양158호’이고 품종등록번호는 No. 3009이며 주요특성은 다음과 같다. 1. ‘대흑’의 신육형은 유한신육형이며 화색은 자색이고 엽형은 환형이다. 모용 및 성숙기의 협은 갈색이며 종피색과 제색은 흑

This study attempted to facilitate various groundcover plants, related to phytoremediation material, and advance shade plants with a heavy metal tolerance to contaminated soil in an urban shade space. Saxifraga stolonifera, which has commonly been used a landscape shade plants, was evaluated to determine its heavy metal tolerance to different concentrations(Control, 100mg․kg-1, 250mg․kg-1and 500mg․kg-1 treatment) of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. The growth of Saxifraga stolonifera showed no significant tendency after the initial transplantation, but showed distinct changes with the respective treatment heavy metal types and concentrations over time. Especially, severe chlorosis, with more yellowish green leaves, was observed, with inhibition at Cd concentrations greater than 100mg․kg-1. Conversely, no external symptoms or growth retardation were observed with Pb and Zn concentrations less than 500mg․kg-1. Therefore, Saxifraga stolonifera can be applied as a long term phytoremediation species in soil contaminated with low concentrations of heavy metal in urban shade spaces.

The salt adversely affects normal growth and development by the toxic effects of sodium ion (Na+) absorbed from plants. In different plant species, the difference of salt-tolerance degree is related to ion homeostasis, osmolytes biosynthesis, scavenge of harmful operator and water transportation. This intend that salt-tolerance is a quantitative trait controlled by amount of genes. In the previous study, we selected several tolerant cultivars and landraces from over 1,000 barley germplasms which were screened in a high salt (0.4 %, w/w) reclaimed soil. Among the selected germplasms, we selected a salt-tolerant variety from Tunisia (T76) and a salt-susceptible variety Gwandongpi 41 (G41) in germination and early growth stages. In order to develop salt-tolerant segregating population, we performed the development of a new interspecific barley recombinant inbred line population of PB 71 lines deriving from an interspecific cross between Tunisia 76 (T76) and Gwandongpi 41 (G41). The F1 hybrid was progressed by F4 generation. Germination and seedling growth of the F4 generation (a total of 710 lines) were screened for salt-tolerance in 200 mM NaCl solution for 10 days. Ten days after incubation, salt-tolerance was scored on a scale from 1 (sensitive) to 5 (tolerant). In germination screening for evaluation of salt tolerance, the T76 and G41 as parent pants showed all 100 % germination ratio in control or saline conditions. In addition, the whole F4 generations also showed normal germination ratio over 90 % in control condition, while the only 70.42 % of the that showed germination ratio over 90 % in 200 mM NaCl stress condition. The average score of salt tolerance at the seedling stage of parent plants showed that the salt-tolerant cultivar T76 was 5 and the salt-sensitive cultivar G41 was 3 in saline condition. The average score frequency of F4 generations showed that five (7.04 %) among the PB71 lines possessed the highest score 5 and 40 lines possessed the score 3 (26.76 %) and 2 (29.58 %), respectively. This work was supported by grant (KRF-2007-521-F00002) from Korea Research foundation.