To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes in complex terrain. with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from piers can affect the part of inland, especially Dongrae and the coastal area. Those emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

Chonan and Asan city have been a focal point due to rapid development as the first station for Express Railroad and key cities West Coast Development Region. Gokgyo stream adjacent to the cities plays an important role as a drainage channel for an agriculture and a discharger of urban storm water. Water quality of the stream has been deteriorating caused by pollution sources such as a untreated wastewater discharge and runoff from the watershed. In this study, we conducted 4 surveys in April, May, July, and September to understand the current state of water quality for the stream and to make it possibe to predict future water-quality variation for future development. The system runs on a personal computer under the windows enviroment and provides extensive graphics using graphic user interface(GUI) for user-friendly assessment. Using the pull-down menus provided by the GUI panel, the user is able to operate the system by pointing and clicking the icon to identify the state of water-quality at locations concerned. Furthermore, we developed an integrated watershed management system. The constructed system could be a useful tool as a decesion maker for pollution source control strategy.

수질모델을 사용하여 수계내 오염물질의 총량관리를 위한 오염물질관리 목표량 및 허용총량 파악, 그리고 삭감계획의 효과 분석을 수행할 수 있다. 그러나 QUAL2E, WASP5 및 HSPF와 같은 수질모델은 다양한 자료를 요구하고 실제수계 적용이 쉽지 않음으로 수계의 수리학적 특성이 반영된 용이성을 갖춘 분석적인 수질모델 개발의 필요성이 제기되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 유달경로를 고려한 배수구역내 오염총량관리를 위한 분석적인 BOD모델(AMB)을 개발하

본 연구는 금강의 주요지류인 미호천 유역에 소재하고 있고 주요 텔레미터 수위표가 위치한 4개의 지점을 선정하여 유출량과 오염부하량의 상관성 분석을 통해 각 소유역의 전체 오염부하량을 추정하였다. 본 연구에서는 대상유역의 유량측정 지점을 중심으로 평·갈수시 및 홍수시의 유출량 및 수질을 분석하였다. 분석된 유출량 및 수질자료를 통해 유역의 수위-유량관계곡선과 농도변화를 분석하였다. 그리고, 유출량과 수질항목간의 상관관계를 분석하였고, 단위면적당 유출량 변

Oil spill in sea water is the most frequent and significant problem of marine pollution. As an early detection sensor of the pollution, an activated carbon coated quartz crystal is prepared and examined for its performance of detection sensitivity and stability. Powdered activated carbon and phenol resin is coated on the surface of the sensor and the sensor is baked for an hour. Adsorption of acetone dissolved in water and salt water is measured using frequency shift of quartz crystal at different concentrations of solute material. The outcome indicates that the sensor preparation is adequate and the measurement of solute concentration is stable and sensitive enough to be implemented on the monitoring of solute concentration is stable and sensitive enough to be implemented in the monitoring of organic pollution of sea water.

The purpose of this study were to make a comparison with the level of environmental consciousness between the livestock farmer and the reference groups( peasant, office worker, housewife and student) and to identify the variables which have an influence on the level of their role performance for environmental protection & preservation. Data for this study were collected from 822 cases including the livestock farmer(109), the peasant(67), the office worker(140), the housewife(119) and the student(356). The SPSS software program and statistics such as frequencies, x2, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, Chronbach's α and factor analysis were used to analyze the data for this study. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The pro-environmental attitude score(environmental sensitivity and attitude of environmental protection & preservation) the groups of office worker and housewife is shown higher than the groups of livestock farmer, peasant and student. 2. The consciousness of environmental problem is relatively low to the group of the livestock farmer compared with the reference groups. 3. As a result of multiple regression analysis, four determinants such as locus of control, lifestyle, environmental sensitivity, and knowledge of environmental issues explained 38.8% of the livestock farmer's role performance for the environmental protection & preservation.

This study was conducted to examine the monthly and seasonal variation of SO2, TSP, O3 concentration in Dongsamdong, Pusan coastal area. And the characteristics of air pollution of this area was compared to Kwangbokdong in Pusan and Taehadong in Ullungdo. Monthly mean concentration of SO2 and TSP showed lower than Kwangbokdong, O3 was higher than Kwangbokdong. In case of SO2, seasonal variation of Dongsamdong was remarkabler than Kwangbokdong and the concentration difference of early morning and daytime was higher than Kwangbokdong, Taehadong showed very lower concentration as background area. In case of TSP, Dongsamdong was lower concentration and smaller diurnal change than Kwangbokdong, Taehadong showed very lower concentration as background area. In case of O3, Dongsamdong was l0ppb higher than Kwangbokdong at daytime maximum concentration, diurnal change of concentration was higher, too. In case of frequency distribution of concentration, SO2 and TSP at Dongsamdong showed higher frequency in low concentration class and O3 showed in high concentration class as compared with Kwangbokdong.

The purpose of this study is providing basic data to control the air pollutants from solid waste incinerator. Incinerating the waste wood, the electrostatic precipitator had the best collection efficiency. The leather incineration had the same collection efficiency as synthetic resin incineration. And the coarse particle collection efficiency was high. As you know in correlation of leather incineration, pollutants produced a from incinerator are mostly fine particles. If the scrubber used only in the process produced a lot of fine particles. It is adequate to use the above control devices, together with high efficiency collector like bag-filter. To select the adequate control devices, it is required to investigate the size distribution before establishing control devices.

This paper aims to describe the characteristics of air pollution using air pollutants concentration and meteorological data observed at Kimhae from December, 1996 to November, 1997. The results are as follows : The concentration distribution of sulfur dioxide(SO2), carbon monoxide(CO), particulate matter(PM-10), and nitrogen dioxide(NO2) is high during the late fall and winter and low during the summer, but ozone concentration is low during the winter season and high during summer season except Jangma period and these distributions appear to be closely connected with insolation and the number of clear day. Diurnal variation of concentrations for sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide are high during the rush hours and nighttime and low during the daytime and these variations are distinct toward the winter season. And diurnal variation of nitrogen dioxide concentration has also same pattern and these patterns are closely related to the increasing traffic volume at rush hours. Diurnal variation of ozone concentration is generally increase for daytime and decrease for the late afternoon and are closely related to the insolation and photochemical reaction. The 24 hour average concentrations of air pollutant observed at Kimhae represented a positive correlation and a negative correlation for O3 and also a negative correlation for the meteorological elements such as wind speed and cloud cover.

To examine water pollution status of agricultural water source of greenhouse area in Gyeongnam, the ground water quality was investigated six times at five areas in Gyeongnam from October in 1995 to March in 1996. pH of ground water were generally in the range of 5.9∼7.6. But a site in Changnyeong area was out of the range in 6.0∼8.5 which is water quality standard for agriculture. COD of ground water was below 8.0㎎/ℓ which is water quality standard for agriculture in all areas and the average was below 2.8㎎/ℓ. NH_4^+ -N contents in ground water was very low in all areas and the average of NO_3^- -N contents in Changnyeong and Chinju area was high with 13.2 and 11.5㎎/ℓ, respectively. Hardness, SO_4^2- and EC of ground water in Haman were higher than any other area. Fe and Mn contents of ground water in Kimhae were higher than any other area with 7.17 and 0. 95㎎/ℓ, respectively. Heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn of ground water were below water quality standard for agriculture but some sites were over. Between COD and SS in ground water were not correlated with r=0.328, but between COD and NH_4^+ -N were positively correlated. And EC was positively correlated with Ca^2+, Mg^2+ and SO_4^2-. Ground water pollution status of agricultural water source of greenhouse area in Gyeongnam was generally high in order of Sacheon < Chinju < Haman < Kimhae < Changnyeong.

Pollution characteristics of leachate and underground soil of the two landfill sites were investigated. Domestic wastes were dumped in the two adjacent landfill sites. Only small portion of S landfill site was filled with domestic wastes at the first stage of dumping, and most portion of the site was filled with construction wastes. However Y landfill site was filled with mostly domestic wastes. Higher concentrations of organic pollutants including VOCs were measured in Y landfill site leachate than in S landfill site. Underground soils of the two landfill sites were analyzed by the two kinds of leaching methods, KEP (Korean Extraction process) and Acid Digestion. Underground soils of the both landfill sites were not polluted by leachates. Underground soils of the two were composed of fine silty material. Thus it is found that fine silty soil layer of the sea shore may be used as a landfill site.

Environmental problems caused by certain geologic conditions include pollution of soil by heavy metal, acidization of soils, acid mine drainage, ground-water pollution, and natural radioactivity, as well as geological hazards such as landslide and subsidence. The acid mine drainage contains large amount of heavy metals and, therefore, cause serious pollution onto the nearby drainage systems and soils. In spite of this prospective environmental danger, few studies have been done on the acid mine drainage derived from non-metallic ore deposits such as pyrophyllite(Napseok) deposits. The sulfide-bearing pyrophyllite ores, alteration zones, and mine tailings of pyrophyllite deposits produce acid mine drainage by the oxidation of weathering. Compared to the fresh host rocks, the ores and altered rocks of pyrophyllite deposits produce acidic solution which contain higher amount of heavy metals because of their lower buffering capacity to acid solution. The pHs of mine water and nearby stream water of pyrophyllite deposits are 2.1∼3.7, which are strongly acidic and much lower than that (6.2∼7.2) of upstream water and than that (6.8∼7.6) of the stream water derived from the non-mineralized area. This study reveals that this acid mine drainage can affect the downstream area which is 8km far from the pyrophyllite deposits, even though the drainage is diluted with abundant non-contaminated river water. This suggests that not only acid mine drainage but also the sulfide-bearing sediments originated from the pyrophyllite deposits move downstream and form acidic water through continuous oxidation reaction. The heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Mn and Fe are enriched in the mine water of low pH, and their contents decrease as the pH of mine water increases because of the influx of fresh stream water. Soils of the pyrophyllite deposits are characterized by high contents of heavy metals. The stream sediments containing the yellowish brown precipitates formed by neutralization of acid mine drainage occur in all parts of the stream derived from the pyrophyllite deposits, and the sediments also contain high amounts of heavy metals. In summary, the acid mine drainage of the pyrophyllite deposits is located in the upstream part of Hoidong water reservoir in Pusan contains large amounts of heavy metals and flows into the Hoidong water reservoir without any purification process. To protect the water of Hoidong reservoir, the acid mine drainage should be treated with a proper purification process.

Nine districts in Seoul were chosen randomly and a questionnaire containing 23 questions was distributed to survey the perception of noise pollution by the citizens. The results were primarily analyzed to understand the perception of Seoul citizen as a whole, and then analyzed according to 4 demographic variables -district area, age, gender and occupation -to see if there were any possible relation between nonnoise variables and noise annoyance. Actual noise level data measured by the city government were used to compare quantified noise level with the surveyed people`s perception. It was found that people consider road traffic noise to be the main source of noise pollution in Seoul and that most people have experienced annoyance in everyday life. Also it was verified that the responsibility for noise control should be on both city government and the individuals, but it was generally considered that very little effort is actually put into solving noise pollution from both groups. From the survey, it could be analyzed that demographic variables do affect people in the awareness of noise pollution, and that one`s sensitivity and annoyance due to noise increase as one ages. From the study, it was concluded that noise pollution is not considered currently as a hazardous problem to most Seoul citizens, however specific noise reduction policies, especially regarding road traffic noise, should be put into practice in the near future.

Pusan is the largest coastal city with a population of about four million in Korea. Because of increased and confused traffic, photochemical air pollution become a major urban environmental problem recently. The photo-chemical air pollution weather forecasting method preciser than existing air pollution forecast method has been developed to forecast ozone episode days with meteorological conditions using the data measured at 7 air quality continuous monitoring stations from June to September using 2 years (1994, 1995). The method developed in present study showed higher percentage correct and skill score than existing air pollution forecasting in KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration).

This study was performed to find the most desirable emission reduction for each mobile source pollutant and the optimal control strategy at a given level of expenditures in Pusan City in 2000 by using the interactive ε-constraint method developed by Chang-Hyo Lee and Hyung-Wook Kim, which is one of the mathematical programming models. The most desirable emission reduction is 7093 ton/year for particulate (TSP), 4871 ton/year for NOx, 5148 ton/year for HC and 36779 ton/year for CO. The optimal control strategy is as follows; 1. As to passenger car and taxi limiting VKT (vehicle kilometers travelled) in congested areas will be necessary. In addition to this, improving vehicle inspection program should be enforced. 2. As to small-gasoline bus, traffic adaptive control system will be necessary. 3. As to small-diesel bus, non-adjustable engine parameters will have to be applied. 4. As to heavy bus and heavy truck, catalytic trap oxidizer and limiting VKT in congested areas will be necessary. 5. As to motorcycle, 2-cycle motorcycles should be converted to 4-cycle motorcycles.

The present study was performed to elucidate the distribution of protozoans according to the actual conditions of soil pollution around Ulsan industrial complexes, Korea. Samples were collected from the top-soils of 13 localities in eight times during the period from 16 April 1994 to 14 January 1995. As a result of this study, total 11 species of hypotrichous ciliated protozoa were identified and analyzed. These hypotrichs are 6 species of stichotrichine hyporichs (Keronopsis sp., Pseudourostyla sp., Holosticha sylvatica, Holosticha multistylata, Holosticha sp. and Paruroleptus sp.) and 5 species of sporadotrichine hypotrichs (Oxytricha sp., Steinia sp., Histriculus cavicola, Hemisincirra sp. and Gonostomum of affine). Of these 11 species, 4 species (Keronopsis sp., Pseudourostyla sp., Holosticha sp. and Hemisincirra sp.) are reported for the first time from Korea. All the sampling localities could be grouped in three zones by the cluster analysis with the abundance and distribution of protozoans. This result is approximately coincide with the zonation by the concentration of heavy metals.

Environmental impact assessment survey reflecting farmers` opinion on the residence and production space in rural settlement area by ORD showed that more than 86% of respondents thought their reservoirs and waterways (small rivers) were getting seriously contaminated primarily by garbage and livestock manure. A typical rural settlement unit was taken to assess the impact of improper management of livestock manure in the farms on the water quality of small river flowing down along the villages where swine and dairy farms were situated in Daejook 2, 3-ri, Seolseong-myun, Icheon-gun. Nitrogen compounds such as NO3-N, NO2-N, NH3-N, and phosphorus compound HxPO4, DO, BOD5, COD, and microbial density were analyzed to evaluate water quality at five test sites designated along the water stream. Tests showed. for example, BOD5 at site 4 was average 9.2mg/l which was about 3~8 times higher than that of observation site 2 and 3, at which most livestock houses were situated. This is a clear evidence that the nutrients of livestock manure illegally discharged to small river can lead to an eutrophication of the river at downstream. A soil absorption system with aeration could be one of alternatives to treat the contaminated wastewater by livestock manure. The place at downstream, inbetween observation site 1 and 2, could be the best construction site for the treatment facility from the standpoint of the overall treatment efficiency, An enclosed composting system can also be regarded as a good alternative for treatment of the sludge which is the by-product of the soil absorption system operation.