This study has intended to find strategies improving rural amenity through establishing eco-village. This research presented eco-village establishment as an alternative to solve the problems that current rural villages face, such as FTA farming crisis, aging, weakening of farming competitiveness. Thus, this study has set up ecological rural amenity strategies, based on the principles and cases of both eco-village development and rural amenity through suitability analysis and statistical analysis with survey analysis. This study has defined the eco-rural amenity and set up such categories as environment, history-culture, society, image, and economy. Based on the definition and categories, this study has found the strategies to improve ecological rural amenity in accordance with categories.

Manufactures of automotive repair finishes are tending to reduce more and more the level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their paint processes in order to comply with increasingly strict environmental legislation. The production of high solids paints is a way to solve this problem. However, the application of high-solids paints is limited primarily by the viscosity of resin which is strongly related to painting ability: the higher solid content, the lower desired property. In this study, alkyl copolymer with low viscosity was synthesized by the introduction of the monomers with long-side chains and functional groups which improve flexibility and cross-linking density, respectively. The solid content of the paint prepared with the synthesized resin was 80 wt% and its VOCs was reduced by 20%, compared to the commercialized paint. Also, the physical and mechanical properties of coatings on steel sheets were similar to commercialized one.

본 연구는 금원산 생태수목원 조성 부지의 관속식물상을 조사한 후 희귀 및 특산식물, 식물구계학적 특정식물종, 귀화식물 등을 분류함으로써, 생태수목원 조성을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 금원산 생태수목원 조성 부지의 관속식물상은 84과 217속 319종 43변종 7품종으로 총 369분류군이 확인되었다. 희귀식물은 구상나무(보존우선순위; 73번)와 산작약(97번)이 확인되었다. 특산식물은 개비자나무, 구상나무(식재), 지리대사초, 떡버들, 키버들, 할미밀망, 은꿩의다리, 털조록싸리, 네잎갈퀴나물, 노각나무, 큰고추나물, 오동(식재), 병꽃나무, 벌개미취(식재) 등 12과 14속 11종 3변종 1교잡종으로 총 15종류가 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 V등급에 산작약, IV등급에는 확인되지 않았으며, III등급에 구상나무(식재), 중나리, 거제수나무, 물박달나무, 당느릅나무, 참조팝나무, 개벚지나무, 꽝꽝나무(식재), 노각나무, 개회나무, 선백미꽃, 털괴불나무, 병풍쌈 등 13종류, II등급에 처녀치마, 털괭이눈, 복자기, 민둥뫼제비꽃, 곽향등 5종류, I등급에 홍지네고사리, 개비자나무, 전나무(식재), 잣나무(식재), 큰천남성, 흰여로, 퉁둥굴레, 왕버들, 박달나무, 물오리나무, 굴참나무, 투구꽃, 금낭화, 애기괭이눈, 노랑물봉선, 대팻집나무, 피나무, 들메나무, 덩굴꽃마리 등 19종류로 정리되어 총 38종류가 확인되었다. 귀화식물에는 큰조아재비, 큰김의털, 오리새, 호밀풀, 애기수영, 돌소리쟁이, 아까시나무, 족제비싸리, 토끼풀, 달맞이꽃, 개망초, 봄망초, 미국가막사리, 원추천인국, 서양민들레 등 5과 13속 15종류가 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 전체 369종류의 관속식물 중 4.1%로 분석되었다.

To find proper water quality management strategy for oxygen consumption organic matters in Jinhae bay, the physical process and net supply/decomposition in terms of COD was estimated by three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic modeling. The estimation results of physical process in terms of COD showed that transportation of COD was dominant in loading area from land to sea, while accumulation of COD was dominant in middle～bottom level. In case of surface level, the net supply rate of COD was 0～60 mg/m2/day. The net decomposition rate of COD was 0～-0.05 mg/m2/day(-5～-10 m, in depth) to 2 level, and -0.05～-0.20 mg/m2/day(10 m ～) to bottom level. These results indicate that the biological decomposition and physical accumulation of COD are occurred for the most part of Jinhae Bay bottom. The variation of net supply or net decomposition rate of COD as reducing land based input loading is also remarkable. Therefore, it is important to consider both allochthonous and autochthonous oxygen demanding organic matters to improve the water quality of Jinhae Bay.

This paper presents eco-friendly planting method to overcome the problems of existing concrete retaining wall and gabion retaining wall, respectively, based on the examination on existing concrete and gabion retaining wall. Prior to doing this, proper design method was provided through pull out test. Planting method using gabion metal net and L shape green net retaining wall were compared and analyzed. According to this study, it is confirmed that reduction of construction period and economical profit in construction can be achieved by both manufacturing at the factory and self procurement at the job site as well as the use of metal net, which is applied as a substitution of existing strengthening material. For the effect of planting method, the use of L shape green net retaining wall shows superiority to environment-friendly gabion retaining wall in its ability to rootage and germination of the grass. The L shape green net retaining wall had excellent performance in helping rootage of grass and prevention of soil leakage, and even if raining period, remarkable damage of planting mat does not occur when planting mat is applied.

Natural resource of the island and coastal regions is one of the most important element of ecological network system in Korea. Currently, there is trend that natural and biological resources such as fishing and tidal wetland have been used to local economic activation in island and coastal regions. According to the 5-days work in a week, island and coastal regions become important amenity resource of citizen's recreation area. Korea is peninsula surrounded by maritime. Especially, South and West Sea surrounded by many islands and tidal flat wetlands are emerging marine ecosystem and seascape in the world. Natural resource is limited, so we have to sustain those resource to current tourism. In this study, I would like to suggest that importance of cultural resource as well as natural resource for 'eco-cultural tourism' in order to keep both biological diversity and cultural diversity as amenity resource for future island economic activation in Korea.

The eco-hydrologic effects of maintenance water supply on Oncheon stream are studied using hydrologic, hydraulic and ecologic models. SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) is used for long-term simulation of runoff quantity and water quality from Oncheon stream watershed. Using the output hydrologic variables from SWMM, HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) is then used to simulate the hydraulics of water flow through Oncheon stream channels. Such hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality output variables from SWMM and HEC-RAS are served as input data to execute PHABSIM (Physical Habitat Simulation) for the purpose of predicting the micro-habitat conditions in rivers as a function of stream flow and the relative suitability of those conditions to aquatic life. It is observed from the PHABSIM results that the weighted usable area for target fishes has the maximum value at 2 ㎥/s of instream flow. However, mid and down stream areas that have concrete river bed and covered region are unsuitable for fish habitat regardless of instream flow increment. The simulation results indicate that the simple maintenance water supply is limited in its effect to improve the ecological environment in Oncheon stream. Therefore, it is imperative to improve water quality and to recover habitat conditions simultaneously.

Red mud is a waste generated by the aluminium industry, and its disposal is a major problem for this industry. Red mud has a reddish-brown color and superfine particle characteristics. So, it can be a promising pigment admixture for concrete industry. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the potential use of red mud in color concrete. The micro structures of red mud and iron oxide pigment such as porosity, pore size distribution, diameter of particle were analyzed with the aid of SEM, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the infrared absorbance. Tests on physical properties of color concrete, such as strength, slump, early shrinkage crack patterns, and color characteristics were carried out and the results were reported in this paper.

The present study was conducted to investigate the translocation of polyphenols, especially catechin derivatives, from mushroom medium mixed with green tea residues into fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii. Pleurotus eryngii was grown on the media incorporated by mixing or surface-treated with dry materials including leaf petioles and young stems or leaves of green tea. The dry materials treated in medium did not affect plant height and fresh weight of Pleurotus eryngii body. From the samples of Pleurotus eryngii, the eight main catechin derivatives (-)-gallocatechin(GC), (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-catechin gallate (EGCG), and caffeine were analyzed quantitatively by HPLC. The results showed that EGC in Pleurotus eryngii was 45% more detected, when incorporated with the dry materials, than untreated control. Especially, content of EGCG was increased in surface-treated Pleurotus eryngii up to 3.2 ppm, while it was not detected or reduced in control and other treatments. Caffeine content was greatly increased regardless of treatment method, compared with control (0.1ppm), showing 44 fold-amount in Pleurotus eryngii at early growth stage when incorporated with the dry materials into medium. The results indicates that functional catechin derivatives of green tea would be partly translocated into Pleurotus eryngii throught incorporation and surface treatment with residues of green tea plants.

Mosquitoes are carriers of malaria and encephalitis. This study performed for eco-friendly control of mosquitos by using genus Acorus. Several solvents were used for the extraction of genus Acorus; water, ethanol, and methanol. Grinded leaves and roots were also included. Acorus extracts killed mosquito larvae and the ethanol extract showed the best result. Autoclaved Acorus water needed long time to kill mosquito larvae. LT50 of 1 % Acorus calamus decoction was 13.6 hrs and 1 % autoclaved Acorus water was 53.6 hrs. LT50 of 0.05% Acorus calamus rhizome powder was 28.5 hrs. LT50 of 0.5% Acorus calamus leaf powder was 10.8 hrs. LT50 of 0.1 % Acorus calamus decoction was 63.4 hrs and 0.1 % Acorus calamus ethanol extracts was 48.6 hrs and 0.1% Acorus calamus methanol extracts was 53.9 hrs. LT50 of 0.4% Acorus gramineus decoction was 45.5 hrs, 0.4% ethanol extracts was 10.9 hrs, 0.4% methanol extracts was 10.2 hrs. LT50 of ethanol extracts was shorter than other extracts. Acorus calamus rhizome powder could be used for the eco-friendly control of the mosquito larvae.

This study was conducted to validate the planting status of landscape plants and elements of Seoul National University of Education. Despite of long historical background of school, this type of research was seldomly conducted before as innovation strategy of university. And the purpose of this study was to offer the opportunity of design criteria of school to offer the new concept of eco-friendly design and analyzing plants species or compatibility of plants with surroundings. The natural environment was analyzed and light environment was specially investigated to compare the ability of plants. The current situation and compatibility of plants were investigated according to the site and species. So, the result of the study should be implemented as valuable resources for improving the landscape spaces and plants of school in the future. The landscape design includes the followings: a survey of the present status, a site analysis, s schematic design, and the needs of students for design development. To create the landscape spaces, we proposed school spaces by the concept of eco- friendly of nature image. The university space was designed to have educational spaces like safety, green amenity and rest areas for the students which are designed to be harmonious with other surroundings. Based on that, some of the university space was specially proposed with CAD imagination work and all the results were accomodated under the concept of new strategy of university innovation for the future. Through the university space designed by this study, the university students ,faculties and other dwellers around university will have more opportunity of contact with nature and increase the value of university effectively.

The eco-hydrodynamic model was used to estimate the environmental capacity in Gamak Bay. It is composed of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the simulation of water flow and ecosystem model for the simulation of phytoplankton. As the results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation, the computed tidal currents are toward the inner part of bay through Yeosu Harbor and the southern mouth of the bay during the flood tide, and being in the opposite direction during the ebb tide. The computed residual currents were dominated southward flow at Yeosu Harbor and sea flow at mouth of bay. The comparison between the simulated and observed tidal ellipses at three station showed fairly good agreement. The distributions of COD in the Gamak bay were simulated and reproduced by an ecosystem model. The simulated results of COD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 1.93%, correlation coefficient(r) of 0.88. In order to estimate the environmental capacity in Gamak bay, the simulations were performed by controlling quantitatively the pollution loads with an ecosystem model. In case the pollution loads including streams become 10 times as high as the present loads, the results showed the concentration of COD to be 1.33～4.74㎎/ℓ(mean 2.28㎎/ℓ), which is the third class criterion of Korean standards for marine water quality. In case the pollution loads including streams become 30 times as high as the present loads, the results showed the concentration of COD to be 1.38～7.87㎎/ℓ(mean 2.97㎎/ℓ), which is the third class criterion of Korean standards for marine water quality. In case the pollution loads including streams become 50 times as high as the present loads, the results showed the concentration of COD to be 1.44～9.80㎎/ℓ(mean 3.56㎎/ℓ), which is the third class criterion of Korean standards for marine water quality.

The three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model was applied to estimate the physical process in terms of nutrients and net uptake(or regeneration) rate of nutrients in Kamak Bay for scenario analysis to find proper management plan. The estimation results of the physical process in terms of nutrients showed that transportation of nutrients is dominant in surface level while accumulation of nutrients is dominant in bottom level. In the case of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, the results showed that the net uptake rate was 0～60 mg/m2/day in surface level(0～3m), and the net regeneration rate was 0.0～10.0 mg/m2/day in middle level(3～6m) and above 10 mg/m2/day in bottom level(6m～below). In the case of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, the net uptake rate was 0.0～3.0 mg/m2/day in surface level, and the net regeneration rate was 0.5～1.5 mg/m2/day in middle level and 1.0～3.0 mg/m2/day in bottom level. These results indicates that net uptake and transport of nutrients are occurred predominantly at the surface level and the net generation and accumulation are dominant at bottom level. Therefore, it is important to consider the re-supplement of nutrients due to regeneration of bottom water.

본 연구는 어도 생태수리실험에 의하여 계단식 어도에서 회유성 어류의 소상능력을 평가하기 위한 것으로서 은어와 송어를 대상으로 실험하였으며, 기존 계단식 어도 설치 하천의 회유성 어류 이동생태환경을 분석하였다. 계단식 어도에서 은어의 소상능력은 낙차가 16.0cm미만으로 작을 때는 송어보다 크고, 20.0cm이상으로 낙차가 클 때는 송어의 소상능력이 은어보다 크다. 은어는 송어보다 도약을 선호하며 도약 후의 지구력은 송어가 은어에 비하여 크다. 수계별 기

본 연구는 사다리식 어도에서 회유성 어류의 소상능력을 평가하기 위한 것으로서 은어와 송어를 대상으로 하여 생태수리실험을 실시한 것이다. 생태수리실험의 결과를 바탕으로 하여 하천에서 회유성 어류의 이동환경을 분석하였다. 사다리식 어도에서 회유성 어류의 소상능력에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자는 어도의 유량, 어도경사, 어도입구부의 어도와 하상 사이의 낙차이다. 사다리식 어도에서 은어의 소상은 주어진 유량에 대하여 어도경사에 좌우되고, 송어의 소상은 주어진 어도

This study is focused on the industrial symbiosis based on industrial ecosystem theory. At first, the concept of industrial ecosystem was introduced. Industrial symbiosis is a good tool in order to make a harmony between industry and natural ecosystem. The good example of industrial symbiosis is the case of Kalundborg in Denmark, where 11 networks are working in four enterprises and one community nearby. It was proved that savings of natural resources and economic benefit are achieved by use of industrial symbiosis. Moreover, the control of pollutant emission was also done by use of advanced technology and investments. Based on this case, It was shown that industrial symbiosis through eco-industrial complex in Korea was confronted with many difficulties. First of all, loose emmision criteria, recycling system on wastes, and the absence of will for industrial symbiosis should be solved in Korea.