오존수 처리콩나물의 저장 중 품질변화를 조사하였다. 콩나물 재배 중 오존수 처리는 콩의 수침시와 주수시에 물을 사용한 것(W/W), 수침 시만 오존수를 처리한 것 (O/M), 주수 시에만 오존수를 처리한 것 (W/O), 수침시와 주수시에 각각 처리한 것(O/O)으로 나누어 각각 5일간 재배하였다. 저장은 콩나물을 0.01 mm polyethylene film 에 포장하여 1와 2에서 저장하였다. 저장수명은 오존수 처리와 무처리간의 뚜렷한 차이를

본 연구에서는 포항시 양덕정수장에 tracer test를 이용한 pilot plant를 설치하여 기존 플록형성지에 대한 문제점을 도출하였다. 또한 플록형성지 각단 유출부의 단면을 여러 가지 형태로 변경시키면서 수리학적 평가를 실시하였고, 그 결과 플록형성지의 각단 유출부에 대한 최적 개량단면을 제시하였고, plant에 적용하여 현재 운전중에 있다. 또한 입자의 크기별 개수를 측정할 수 있는 particle counter를 이용하여 플록형성지 개량후의 효

Improvement of water quality and Investigation of bacterial characteristics have been conducted in a pilot plant using biological activated carbon (BAC) in water treatment process at the downstream of the Nakdong River. Most of water control parameters were highly improved after passing through BAC. Approximately 54% of dissolved organic carbon was removed in coal-based BAC process. Bacterial biomass and bacterial production appeared 9.8×108 CFU/g and 7.l㎎-C/㎥·hr in coal-based BAC, respectively. Predominant bacteria species grown in BAC were identified as Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas species. Particularly Pseudomonas vesicularis was dominant in both coal-based and coconut-based BACs, while Pseudomonas cepacia was dominant in wood-based BAC.

The advanced oxidation process (AOP) using ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet treatment were evaluated for biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) formation and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. Oxidation treatment were conducted alone or combination with ozone, hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet processes. Ozone dosage of ozone process was varied from 0.5㎎/ℓ·min to 5㎎/ℓ·min. Ozone/hydrogen peroxide process was done using 20㎎/ℓ of hydrogen peroxide concentration. Ozone/ultraviolet process was irradiated with 12mW/㎠ of density and 254nm. Ozone dosage was varied from 0.5㎎/ℓ·min to 5㎎/ℓ·min at the ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/ultraviolet processes too. Contact time of all the process was 20 minutes. Oxidation treatment were performed on microfiltration effluent samples. BDOC formation was reached to an optimum at ozone dosage of 1.5㎎/ℓ·min in the ozone/hydrogen peroxide process and 1㎎/ℓ·min in ozone/ultraviolet process, after which BDOC formation was decreased at higher ozone dosages. But BDOC formation was increased with ozone dosages increasing in ozone process. The efficiency of DOC removal was higher AOPs than ozone process. Ozone/ultraviolet proces was the highest for DOC removal efficiency in each process. THMFP removal efficiency by ozone/ultraviolet process was higher than that by each of ozone process and ozone/hydrogen peroxide process.

This experiment was performed on three parts with prepared coagulants. (1) The characterization of coagulation for PACl coagulants. (2) Comparison of the characterization of coagulation with PAS and PACl coagulants. And (3) Comparison of the characterization of coagulation for the addition of calcium with PACl. Coagulation experiments were conducted with several dosages and pH for each coagulants. For the characterization of coagulation with PACl coagulants, coagulation of Nakdong river waters with three PACls (r=2.0, 2.2, 2.35) showed that the effectiveness of the three coagulants can be considered as r=2.2 > 2.0 > 2.35 which are also the order of higher polymeric aluminum contents. For the comparison of the characterization of coagulation for PAS and PACl coagulants, PAS (r=0.75) coagulants was more effective than other coagulant for the removal of organic matters by sweep floc mechanism with Al(OH)3(s). For comparison of the characterization of coagulation for the addition of calcium with PACl, the presence of divalent cation like Ca2+ was supposed to influence the complex formation of organic anions. From the result of test on coagulation at various pH ranges, the PACl was least affected by the coagulation pH, and the addition of calcium to PACl was very effective for the removal of turbidity and organic materials over broader pH range (pH 4-9).

This research explored the feasibility of preparing and utilizing a preformed polymeric solution of Al(Ⅲ) for coagulation in water treatment. Slow base(NaOH) injection into supersaturated aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate solutions did produce high yields of Al polymers useful to water treatment applications. The method of characterization analysis was based on timed spectrophotometer with ferron as a color developing reagent. The hydrolytic Al species were divided into monomeric(Ala), polymeric(Alb), and precipitate(Alc) from the difference in reaction kinetics. The analysis of PACㅣ's characteristics showed that the quantity of polymeric Al produced at value of r(OHadded/Al) = 2.2 was 83% of the total aluminum in solution, as showing maximum contents and precipitated Al was dramatically increased when r was increased above 2.35. In addition, the characteristics of polyaluminum sulfate (PAS) showed that polymeric Al contained at r = 0.75 was 18% of the total aluminum in solution. The synthesized PACl and PAS were stable during storing period, as indicating negligible aging effect. The effect of sulfate ion on PACl was dependent on the concentration of sulfate ion. That is, polymeric species decrease and precipitate species increase as sulfate ion concentration increased. It can be concluded that the sulfate cause the formation of Al(OH)3(s) at low pH. However, The effect of calcium ion was negligible for distribution of Al species.

The Photodegradation efficient of total organic compounds in the drinking water has been studied using the methods of photocatalytic reaction and laser beam irradation. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The photodegradation efficiency of total organic compounds shows as 50% to 80% as within one hour and after this the efficiency is decreased slowly. 2. The photodegradation efficiency of total organic compounds shows as 65 to 90% within 3.3min. when Nd : YAG beam is irradiated to the water layer. 3. An excellent observation of the organic compound removal efficiency gives revealed in that case of the longest wavelength of 532nm is irradiated among the three kinds of laser beam sources of 532nm, 355nm and 266nm. 4. The organic compound removal efficiency shows high in the case of UV beam irradiation in the thin layer of water. However the efficiency is not depended on the thickness of water layer severely. 5. The removal efficiency of the organic compounds in the direct irradiation shows higher than the indirect irradiation in the case of UV beam, but the efficiency is not depended on the direction of irradiation in the case of Nd : YAG beam irradiation.

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing for effective treatment of raw water in Chinyang lake. Removal rates of algae and characteristics of the water according to coagulants dosage were investigated by treatment with Microcystis aeruginosa, which is a kind of blue-green algae, to the raw water below 5NTU. The coagulants dosage for maximum removal rate of algae were 30 ㎎/ℓ of Alum, 30 ㎎/ℓ of PAC and 10 ㎎/ℓ of PACS, respectively. The removal rate of algae in 30 ㎎/ℓ of PAC was highest as 85% compared with the other treatments. At the point of maximum removal rate of algae, the removal rates of turbidity were 34%, 66% and 22% in Alum, PAC and PACS, respectively. Residual Al was decreased depend upon decreasing turbidity in water by treatment of Alum or PAC, but decreased depend upon increasing turbidity in water by treatment of PACS. The removal rate of Mn2+ in water was high in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. And Fe2+ in water was not changed by treatment of these coagulants. Particle numbers distributions according to the particle size of suspended solids that were not precipitated at 8 min. of settling time after treatment of coagulants dosage for the maximum removal rate of algae were investigated. Most of the particle sizes were below 30 ㎛ and particle numbers distributions below 10 ㎛ were 64%, 56% and 66% by treatment of Alum, PAC and PACS, respectively. Zeta potential was in the range of -6.1∼-9.7 mV at optimum coagulants dosage for algae removal.

Poly(DADM) was synthesized for the drinking water treatment. Poly(DADM) was produced by the free radical polymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride(DADM) monomer and its properties were characterized. The effects of monomer concentration, initiator concentration and reaction time on synthesis of poly(DADM) were investigated. Poly(DADM) flocculant was applied to Nak-dong river water to examine its efficiency in reducing turbidity. The synthesized poly(DADM) was effective as flocculant for drinking water treatment. The addition of 1 ㎎/L.of poly(DADM) flocculant caused the reduction of 50 % PAC(polyaluminium chloride).

Polyamine was synthesized for the drinking water treatment. Polyamine was produced by the two step polycondensation of dimethylamine(DMA) and epichlorohydrin(EPI) and its properties were characterized. The effects of mole ratio of [DMA]/[EPI], reaction temperature and reaction time on synthesis of polyamine were investigated. Polyamine flocculant was applied to Nak-dong river raw water to examine its efficiency in reducing turbidity. The synthesized polyamine was effective as flocculant for drinking water treatment. The addition of 1 ㎎/L of polyamine flocculant caused the reduction of 50% PAC (polyaluminium chloride).

Organics matters including algae are the major contaminants of Nak-dong river and it`s concentration is more increasing now. The use of coagulants has been incresed for the effective treatment of drinking water, and aluminum coagulants have been the most widely used in raw water treatment. However, when inorganic metal coagulant is excessively used for long period, it would result in secondary problems, such as increasing sludge production, enhancing the cost of water treatment process, and increasing concentration of residual metal, especially aluminum. Therefore, recently, in order to reduce the use of metal coagulant and enhance the coagulation effectiveness, several alternative coagulants, such as polymeric inorganic coagulants and organic polymers, have been used in water treatment plants. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine optimum dosage concentration and compare the coagulation efficiency at various pH ranges with alum alone, alum+cationic polymer, and alum+anionic polymer, (2) to evaluate the amount of alum reduced by using organic polymer, (3) to maximize removal efficiency of organic matter and minimize the concentration of residual aluminum.

우리나라 황칠나무의 자생지인 전남 완도지방에서 황칠나무의 재배시 종자의 발아율을 향상시키는 방법을 구명하고자 본 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 황칠나무의 열매는 핵과로서 자방의 길이가 7.8~10.7mm였으며, 자방폭은 6.9~9.0mm의 타원형이었다. 자방은 5실로 구분되어 있었고, 1실에는 각각 1개의 종자가 형성되었다. 따라서 자방 1개에는 5개의 종자가 들어있으며, 5개의 종자중의 1개종자는 배유가 형성되지 않은 무배유 종자로 발아가 이루어지지 않았다. 황칠나무의 종자는 길이가 6.3~7.4mm였으며, 종자폭은 2.0~2.9mm이었고, 종자의 100립중은 1.43~1.80g이었다. 황칠나무 종자의 발아율을 향상하기 위해서는 채종 즉시 가을파종은 40℃온탕에 90분~120분간 침지한 후 파종을 하면 종자의 발아율이 향상될 것으로 판단된다. 또한 종자 저장후 봄파종은 10℃의 온도에 60일~90일정도 저장한 후 파종하면 발아율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

냉수처리답에서 출수까지 일수, 영화수 및 임실률 등 각 형질에서 내냉성이 강한 품종과 약한 품종을 교배하고, 그 후대에서 각 형질의 유전분석을 실시하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 냉수답에서 F1 세대와 F2 집단의 출수까지 일수는 출수가 빠른 쪽이, 영화수는 많은 쪽이 그리고 임실율은 높은 친 쪽으로 완전우성을 나타냈다. 2. 냉수답에서 각 형질의 유전력은 형질 및 교배조합에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 대체로 높았으며, 자연답보다는 냉수답에서 유전력이 월등히 높은 형질은 임실률이었고, 영화수와 출수일수는 양조건 상호간에 유전력의 차이가 적게 나타났다. 3. 각 형질의 잡종강세정도는 임실율에서 매우 높았으나, 출수일수와 영화수에서는 대체로 낮게 나타났다. 특히 인디카/통일형품종 또는 통일형/통일형품종의 교배조합에서, ？고 자연답보다는 냉수처리답에서 각 형질의 잡종강세정도가 높게 나타났다.

The study of flocculation kinetics is of fundamental interest in the field of water treatment, because rational study of the factors affecting the coagulation process should be based on the rate of particle growth. The effect of sulfate on flocculation kinetics were examined using ferric nitrate as a coagulant to coagulate kaolin clay in water under several experimental conditions. Both the particle size distribution data obtained from the AIA and the on-line measurement of turbidity fluctuation by the PDA were used to measure flocculation kinetics. Results show that sulfate ion added to the kaolin suspension played an important role in the flocculation process, not only improving flocculation kinetics at more acidic pH levels but also changing surface charge of particles. The kinetics of flocculation were improved mainly by the enhanced rate and extent of Fe(Ⅲ) precipitation attributed to the addition of sulfate, and thereby, better interparticle collision frequency, but little by the charge reductions resulting from the sulfate addition. The increase in sulfate concentration beyond 3×10 exp (-4)M (up to 2×10 exp (-3)M) did not induce further improvement in flocculation kinetics, although the higher concentrations of sulfate ion substantially increased the negative ZP value of particles.

냉수처리답에서 적고현상, 간장, 수장 그리고 수수 등 각 형질에 대하여 내냉성이 강한 품종과 약한 품종을 교배하고, 그 후대에 대하여 각 형질의 유전분석을 실시하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적고현상에 대하여 강한 품종과 약한 품종의 교배조합에서 강한 개체와 약한 개체의 F2 의 분리비가 7개 조합 중 4개 조합에서 저항성 쪽이 우성으로 3 : 1의 단성잡종분리비를 나타냈다. 2. F1 세대와 F2 집단에서 간장과 수장은 긴 쪽이 우성이고, 단축이 적게 되는 쪽으로 초우성 또는 불완전우성을 나타냈고, 수수는 많은 쪽이 우성이고, 냉수처리하에서 수수가 오히려 많아지는 쪽으로 초우성을 나타냈다. 3. 냉수답에서 간장, 수장 및 수수의 유전력은 형질 및 교배조합에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 대체로 높았으며, 자연답보다는 냉수처리답에서 유전력이 높게 나타났다. 4. 각 형질의 잡종강세정도는 간장에서 매우 높았으며, 수장과 수수에서는 대체로 낮게 나타났다. 특히 인디카 /통일형품종의 교배조합에서, 자연답보다는 냉수처리답에서 잡종강세가 높게 나타났다.

Flocculation kinetics using ferric nitrate as a coagulant to coagulate kaolin clay in water was examined as a tool to investigate the effect of low temperature under tightly controlled treatment conditions. Both the particle size distribution data obtained from Automatic Image Analysis (AIA) system and the on-line measurement of the degree of turbidity fluctuation in a flowing suspension by Photometric Dispersion Analyzer (PDA) were used to measure flocculation kinetics. Results show that cold water temperature had a pronounced detrimental effect on flocculation kinetics. For improving flocculation kinetics at low water temperature, maintaining constant pOH to adjust water chemistry for temperature changes was found to be partially effective only in the more acidic pH range studied.

Growing algae spread over open water surface of water hyacinth system the leaves of hyacinth prevented the passage of sunlight through the water surface. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the algae growth on the effluent of water hyacinth wastewater treatment systems operated with the variation of an organic loading rate between 190 to 550 kg COD/ha.day. The effluent from the system contained algae was discharged for about 2-3 weeks from the beginning of experimental operation of water hyacinth systems. BOD and SS concentration of effluents during algae growthing periods were higher than those during the period of algae control. But nitrogen and phosphrous romoval efficiencies during in algae growthing periods were slighty higher than those during the period of algae control.