PURPOSES : The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dust removal by dust removal vehicles by the measuring dust load and PM10 concentrations on the sidewalks of block pavements. METHODS : Field experiments were conducted to determine a dust removal method suitable for the sidewalk conditions, as identified through a literature review. Data collection was followed by the evaluation of the sidewalk dust load with removal vehicles and analysis of the PM10 content within a service road. Moreover, an economic analysis was conducted based on the social costs of dust reduction. RESULTS : When cleaning a sidewalk block by spraying water, the contaminants in small gaps in the block pavement could be reduced, providing a potential solution to void clogging. The dust on the surface of the sidewalk was suspended from a paved road with a high level of traffic volume. Using sidewalk dust removal vehicles with sweeping, spraying water, and inhalation reduced the dust load and PM10 contents by more than 2 and 0.07g/m2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : According to the economic analysis of the development of dust removal vehicles for sidewalks, the cost-benefit analysis method shows an input effect of 0.4, but if the reduction amount of fine particles such as PM2.5, further experiments are necessary to address the atmospheric fine dust concentrations resulting from cleaning sidewalk block pavements.

In this study, the distribution characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in subway platforms were investigated, and the performance of hybrid filter systems was determined through the removal efficiency of PM according to various flow rates and filter structures. The hybrid filter systems were constructed in magnetic systems as (Magnet-Magnet (MM) filters and Magnet-Cascade (MC) filters). PM removal efficiencies of these filters were investigated at a subway platform for three days including weekdays and weekends. The compositions of collected PM were also analyzed. Based on the PM measurement in the subway platforms, it was confirmed that the operation of trains had a significant effect on the increase of PM concentration, and a large number of PMs were less than 1 μm in size. For the MC filter, the removal efficiency of PM1 based on the number of particles was up to 30.5%, demonstrating a relatively high removal efficiency in comparison with the MM filter. In terms of PM10, PM removal efficiencies of the MC filter with respect to the mass concentration and the number of particles were 48.3% and 14.5%, respectively. For the MC filter, it was found that the PM removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase in the flow rate. Moreover, the relatively large particle size PM (i.e., 7.5 μm - 10 μm) denoted a maximum removal efficiency of 97% in terms of the number of particles. All PMs collected by the filter were Fecontaining PMs. As a field experiment using the hybrid filter, the applicability of magnetic particle control technology was approved. Based on this result, it is expected that this study will be used as background research for the development of fine dust control technologies in a subway environment.

Black carbon (BC), which is mainly contained in fine particulate matters, is one of the typical anthropogenic air pollutants that are generated from the incomplete combustion process and discharged into the atmosphere, and its various health effects particularly on children have been a growing concern. In this study, BC and particulate matters were closely analyzed in an elementary school adjacent to a high- traffic road in a large metropolitan city. The investigation showed that black carbon behaved similarly to ultrafine dust of 0.3 μm or less in the air, accounting for 20%-40% of it. The occurrence of high concentration outdoor pollution influences the BC content in indoor particulate matters. The average I/O value was 0.7 during the class-hours, and 0.8 without students. However, when students played in the classroom, the range of BC concentrations varied from 0.25 to 1.15, wider than 0.41-1.13 without students. Although this study was conducted with regard to just one elementary school, it can be considered to represent the typical air quality status of domestic schools, and it is believed to present valuable data which can be utilized to assist with preparing measures to enhance the air quality management of schools.

목적 : 미세먼지가 젊은층과 노년층의 눈물막에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 미세먼지 농도 수준에 따라 눈물의 양, 안정성 및 지질층 두께 변화를 평가하였다. 방법 : 안질환이 없는 20대와 60대 각각 25명(총 50명)이 참석하였고, 한국환경공단에서 제공된 미세먼지 좋 음 수준(0~30 ㎍/m³)과 나쁨 수준(51~100 ㎍/m³)에서 각각 이들을 대상으로 눈물 검사를 하였다. 눈물양은 OCCUTUBE(OccuTech Co., Seongnam, Korea)로, 눈물막 안정성은 침습성눈물막파괴시간(TBUT), 비침습성 눈물막파괴시간(NIBUT)로 지질층 두께는 Lipiview® 로 평가하였으며, 건성안 관련 증상은 OSDI 설문지를 이용 하여 평가하였다. 미세먼지 수준에 따른 비교는 SPSS version 21.0(SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 젊은층과 노년층 모두 미세먼지 나쁨 수준인 날에서는 눈물의 양과 안정성이 미세먼지 좋음 수준인 날과 비교하여 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.050), 지질층 두께와 OSDI 설문값은 미세먼지 수준에 따라 젊은층과 노년층에서 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 미세먼지 농도가 증가할수록 OCCUTUBE 검사값과 TBUT 와 NIBUT는 감소하는 상관성을 보였으며, 노년층의 상관계수(r=0.35, p<0.001, r=0.47, p<0.001, r=0.52, p<0.001, respectively)가 젊은층의 상관계수(r=0.34, p<0.001, r=0.37, p<0.001, r=0.40, p<0.001, respectively)보다 다소 높았다. 결론 : 미세먼지는 젊은층과 노년층에의 눈물의 양과 안정성을 감소시켜 건성안 유발요인으로 작용할 것으로 사료된다.

복숭아는 대표적인 여름 과일이자 알레르기를 유발하는 식품으로 밀폐되고 집약적인 생산환경으로 인해 시설 내 유기분 진, 농약, 복숭아털이 발생하기 때문에, 열악한 작업환경으로 인한 작업자들이 어려움을 많이 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복 숭아 선별작업장에서 발생하는 미세먼지를 위치별, 작업별, 입경별로 모니터링함으로써 저감 및 대책 마련을 위한 기초자 료를 확보하고자 하였다. 미세먼지 모니터링 결과 지역별로 는 선별과정에서 미세먼지의 발생이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 주로 기계적인 과정을 통하여 발생하는 10μm 이상의 미세먼 지로 나타났다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 향후 작업환경의 개선을 위해서 공정 중 미세먼지가 주로 발생하는 지역 및 미세먼지 의 물리적 특성을 고려하여 저감시설 및 개인보호구의 착용이 요구된다.

In this study, a two-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was developed using a novel automatic dry cleaning device to reduce the ultrafine particles in subway stations. Collection efficiency was evaluated with a pilot scale ESP (1.2m× 1.2m) and the scale of the test duct was half of the subway air handling unit. The maximum collection efficiency for 0.3 μm particles was 96.9%. In addition, we studied a method of automatic dry cleaning for maintenance of the ESP. The cleaning efficiency was analyzed according to the cleaning flow rate for each particle loading amount to achieve a recovery rate over 90%. In addition, we derived the equation to estimate the reduction in collection efficiency according to the particle loading amount. It was confirmed that the performance of the contaminated ESP was restored to the initial state by the automatic dry cleaning in this study and that the electrical energy consumption was 5 times lower compared to utilizing conventional water cleaning.

Seoul has installed mechanical air filters in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of city buses to improve their indoor air quality since late 2019. We evaluated particle removal efficiencies of the filter in a wind tunnel, and clean air delivery rates (CADRs) of the systems and a household air purifier in the buses, following the test standards. The filter showed the efficiencies of 91% and 97.6%, 88% and 97.9%, and 78% and 95.2% for 0.35 μm particles and PM2.5 at 1.0m/s, 1.5m/s, and 2.0m/s, respectively. The efficiencies rose with an increase in the particle size and the filters had a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) rating of 15. The CADRs for PM2.5 and flow rate of the systems were 12.7m3/min and 17.9m3/min, 16.6m3/min and 25.4m3/min, 18.7m3/min and 33.6m3/min, and 23.3m3/min and 47.1m3/min on the operation mode of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The CADRs of the systems were 3.8-7.1 times higher than those of the air purifier, but single-pass removal efficiencies of the former were 0.56-0.81 lower than those of the latter.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of spraying dust suppressants in relation to the condition of road pavement in South Korea and to develop an optimal management method by continuously measuring re-suspended dust concentrations using a vehicle-based measurement. METHODS : Indoor experiments were conducted to select suppressants suitable for local conditions to reduce reducing road dust, which were identified through literature review. Data collection followed the evaluation method by selecting a section sprayed with dust suppressants and a non-sprayed section within the service road. RESULTS : The BPT experiment is designed to ensure the skid resistance of the road when dust suppressants are sprayed on the road. The Environmental toxic tests for PM10, HCHO, and TVOC all met the daily indoor air quality standards recommended in Korea for determining stability. Comparison of PM10 contents before and after spraying of the test road with dust suppressants and the non-sprayed section, it was confirmed that the dust suspended by the external environment may be reduced, but the amount of dust remaining on the road may increase. After 4 hours, when the water had evaporated, the dust suppressants remained effective and lasted for two-days. CONCLUSIONS : The concentration of fine dust in South Korea varies with the average duration of highly concentrated fine dust being 26.5 h nationwide, 20.5 h in the Seoul metropolitan area, and 25.1 h in Gyeonggi-province, suggesting a duration of one to two days. Thus, the fine dust problem can be solved by using dust suppressants.

2020년 1월 23일 이후 중국에서 신종 코로나바이러스 감염증(COVID-19)으로 인한 봉쇄 조치가 전국으로 확대 되고 있었다. 그러나, 한국에서는 2020년 2월 1-2일에 PM10 질량농도 일평균 최대 88-98 μg m−3의 고농도 연무가 발생하였다. 이 기간에 동아시아 지역은 850 hPa 기온 아노말리가 양(+), 동서류 아노말리는 음(-)으로 온난하고 정체적인 기단의 영향을 받고 있었다. 동아시아 지역의 인위적 배출량 감소에 따른 한국의 PM10 장거리 수송의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 WRF-Chem을 활용하였다. WRF-Chem에 인위적 배출량을 변화 없이 적용한 BASE와 인위적 배출량을 50%로 감소시켜 적용한 CTL의 PM10을 한국의 지상 측정값과 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. CTL에서 PM10의 IOA는 0.71로 BASE의 0.67보다 높게 나타났다. 이것은 중국의 COVID-19 봉쇄 조치로 인해 인위적 배출량이 감소한 것으로 분석된 다. 또한, 한국 이외의 지역 배출량을 0으로 설정한 BASE_ZEOK와 CTL_ZEOK를 모의하여 BASE와 CTL에서의 장 거리 수송 기여도의 변동을 분석하였다. CTL은 BASE와 비교하여 배출량이 50%로 감소하였지만 PM10 장거리 수송 기여도는 10-20% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 동아시아 지역의 배출량 감소에 따라 풍하측 한국의 PM10 장거리 수송 기 여도 변동이 선형적으로 반응하지 않는 것은 종관 기상 변동이 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 2월 1-2일 한국의 고농도 PM10 연무 사례에 대한 CTL에서 PM10 에어로졸 성분의 장거리 수송 기여도는 기타 무기물이 80-90%로 가장 높았고, 질산염은 30-60%, 황산염은 0-20%, 암모늄은 30-60%를 나타내고 있었다. 중국의 봉쇄 조치로 인하여 교통 및 물류 수 송이 감소하면서 2차 에어로졸이 감소한 것으로 보인다.

본 연구에서는 중국 북동지역에서 발생하는 산불에 의한 생체연소 배출물이 장거리 수송으로 한국의 미세먼지 질량농도에 미치는 영향을 WRF-Chem 모델을 활용하여 분석하였다. 2020년 4월 4-7일에 한국은 중국 북동지역의 생체 연소 배출물과 더불어 중국 동부지역의 인위적 배출과 중국 북부와 몽골에서 발생한 황사의 영향을 함께 받고 있었다. 인위적 배출과 황사가 혼재된 대기오염 상황에서 zero-out 방법을 활용하여 생체연소 배출물을 분류하고 미세먼지 장거 리 수송 기여도를 분석하였다. 또한, 광역적인 생체연소 배출물의 분포에 따라 한반도 주변의 육지와 해양에 대한 복사 에너지 수지를 분석하였다. 2020년 4월 5-6일에는 한국의 하루평균 미세먼지 질량농도에 대한 생체연소 배출물의 장거리 수송 기여도가 60%로 산출되었다. 더불어 한반도 주변에 광역적으로 분포하는 생체연소 배출물의 영향으로 육지와 해양의 순 복사 플럭스는 음의 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 2020년 4월 7-8일에는 중국 동부지역에서 발생한 인위적 오염 물질이 생체연소 배출물에 더해지면서 한국의 미세먼지 질량농도는 4월 5-6일보다 증가하였으나 생체연소 배출물의 기 여도는 45% 이하로 감소하였다. 또한, 생체연소 배출물의 영향이 줄어들면서 순 복사 플럭스는 양의 값을 나타내었다.

The Saemangeum has a dry surface characteristic with a low moisture content ratio due to the saline and silt soil, so the vegetation cover is low compared to other areas. In areas with low vegetation cover, wind erosion has a high probability of scattering dust. If the vegetation cover is increased by cultivating crops that can withstand the Saemangeum reclaimed environment, scattering dust can be reduced by reducing the flow rate at the bottom. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of suppressing the generation of fine dust and scattering dust by cultivating winter forage crops on the Saemangeum reclaimed land. While growing 0.5 ha of barley and 0.5 ha of triticale in Saemangeum reclaimed land, the concentration of fine dust was monitored according to agricultural work and growth stage. Changes in the concentrations of PM-10, PM-2.5, and PM-1.0 were monitored on the leeward, the windward and centering on the crop field. As a result of monitoring, PM-1.0 had little effect on crop cultivation. the concentration of PM-10 and PM-2.5 increased according to tillage and harvesting, and tillage had a higher increasing the concentration of PM-10 and PM-2.5 than that of harvesting. According to the growth stage of crops, the effect of suppressing scattering dust was shown, and the effect of suppressing scattering dust was higher in the heading stage than in the seedling stage. So, it was found that there was an effect of suppressing scattering dust other than the effect of land covering. Through this study, it was possible to know about the generation and suppression effect of scattering dust according to crop cultivation.

With the wide use of greenhouses, the working hours have been increasing inside the greenhouse for workers. In the closed ventilated greenhouse, the internal environment has less affected to external weather during making a suitable temperature for crop growth. Greenhouse workers are exposed to organic dust including soil dust, pollen, pesticide residues, microorganisms during tillage process, soil grading, fertilizing, and harvesting operations. Therefore, the health status and working environment exposed to workers should be considered inside the greenhouse. It is necessary to secure basic data on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in order to set up dust reduction and health safety plans. To understand the PM concentration of working environment in greenhouse, the PM concnentrations were monitored in the cut-rose and Hallabong greenhouses in terms of PM size, working type, and working period. Compare to no-work (move) period, a significant increase in PM concentration was found during tillage operation in Hallabong greenhouse by 4.94 times on TSP (total suspended particle), 2.71 times on PM-10 (particle size of 10 μm or larger), and 1.53 times on PM-2.5, respectively. During pruning operation in cut-rose greenhouse, TSP concentration was 7.4 times higher and PM-10 concentration was 3.2 times higher than during no-work period. As a result of analysis of PM contribution ratio by particle sizes, it was shown that PM-10 constitute the largest percentage. There was a significant difference in the PM concentration between work and no-work periods, and the concentration of PM during work was significant higher (p < 0.001). It was found that workers were generally exposed to a high level of dust concentration from 2.5 μm to 35.15 μm during tillage operation.

In this study, we investigated the Indoor and Outdoor concentrations of PM10 in Y area, Jeollanam-do. We conducted personal exposure concentration estimates, and Exposure and Risk Assessments using the Time-weighted Average Model. The concentration of Indoor PM10 was 49.38 μg/m3 and that of Outdoor PM10 was 48.02 μg/m3, with the Indoor/ Outdoor Ratio value being 1 or more, and it was found that there was an indoor source of pollution. The Indoor/Outdoor Cr ratio value was 1 or more, and the source of Cr was confirmed to be indoor. Based on our analysis, there was a positive correlation between heavy metals Ni, Cr, and Mn (p<0.05). Using the Time-Weighted Average model, we determined the PM10 personal exposure concentration to be 49.36 μg/m3 and confirmed the feasibility of this model in utilizing the PM10 personal exposure concentrations. In this study, the findings are likely to provide useful data that can be used to determine the concentration of indoor pollutants that are not easy to survey. However, to accurately evaluate indoor air quality, more factors need to be considered and evaluated.

국내 농업 분야 비산먼지의 배출계수와 활동도 자료는 국내의 환경조건(풍속, 습도 등)과 농업 의 특성을 반영하지 않고 미국의 인벤토리 체계를 그대로 적용해 왔다. 이 연구에서는, 활동 자료 중 하나 인 시간 해상도는 풍속 및 건기일수 적용을 통해 월별 배분계수를 도출하여 지역별로 시간 해상도를 향상 시켰고, 공간 해상도는 시·군·구에서 동과 리로 세분화하여 지역별로 공간 해상도를 향상시켰다. 이 연구를 통해, 지금 존재하는 농업분야의 비산먼지의 배출량, 활동도 자료의 개선에 중요한 자료로 활 용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Indoor air quality management is essential for a healthy life. However, it is difficult to perceive, detect, and monitor the level of indoor air pollution and this means that it is possible to be exposed to more pollution indoors than outdoors. In this study, in order to derive effective indoor air quality management measures, public perceptions and behavioral characteristics regarding indoor particulate matter and air quality management methods were investigated through a survey of 1,000 people. Based on the survey, it was found that most of the respondents had a negative perception of the indoor air quality of their residence, and natural ventilation was the most used method for indoor air quality management. Although the frequency of use of air quality management devices such as air purifiers and mechanical ventilation systems was relatively low, their effect regarding air quality management was positively perceived. In particular, the results of survey indicated that respondents of families which included members with fragile health engaged in more active behavior regarding in indoor air quality management than those respondents whose family members had no health issues and that the former have used air quality management devices more frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop proper guidelines to encourage more people to actively participate in improving indoor air quality.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of temperature and humidity on the measured Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations recorded by PMS5003T, a low-cost light scattering type measuring tool. A regression analysis was performed on the ratio of PM concentrations measured by the light scattering method and the beta-ray absorption method according to temperature and humidity in an outdoor environment. As the temperature decreased, the PM concentration ratio increased, and this tendency intensified below 0oC. As the humidity increased, the PM concentration ratio increased, but the effect was less than the temperature effect. The coefficients of determination for temperature and humidity were R2 = 0.325 and 0.003, respectively, and the effects of temperature and humidity on the measured values w ere formulated and compensated for. As a result of the compensation, R2, relative precision, accuracy and RMSE improved from 0.927 to 0.958, from 91.183% to 96.651%, from 31.383% to 74.058%, and from 13.517 μg/m³ to 6.690 μg/m³, respectively. Finally, results from this study indicate that the reliability of the low-cost light scattering type PM sensor can be improved by applying the temperature and humidity compensation method.

본 프로젝트는 최근 사회적 이슈가 되고 있는 미세먼지 저감 숲 조성을 목적으로 진행된 것이다. 대상지는 전라남도 여수 국가산업단지로 부지면적은 32,550,850㎡이다. 매립지이자 중화학공업단지라는 특수한 여건을 고려하여, 여수산단의 녹지조성 가능지 발굴을 포함한 종합적인 저감 숲 조성 마스터플랜 제시를 최종 목표로 한다. 아울러 산단 입주기업의 사업장 내부에 대한 미세먼지 저감녹지 조성에 대한 방안제시도 포함하는 것으로 진행하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 여수 산단지역과 입주기업의 사업장 내부의 조사 분석을 실시하였고. 미세먼지 저감 숲 조성사업의 실현가능성 및 녹지조성 효과 등을 근간으로 하여 크게 3단계 사업권역으로 구분하였다. 그리고 산단 주변의 자연지형 즉 산지 및 녹지를 연계 활용하여 2개의 녹지 보전·형성축을 계획했다. 북측 녹지축은 산단 내부의 산지 및 도로녹지 등을 연계하는 1차 미세먼지 차단축, 남측 녹지축은 여수시가지로 유입되는 미세먼지 차단을 위한 2차 완충기능 목적이다. 미세먼지 저감 숲 조성 마스터플랜은 산단 도로 등 시설배치 및 녹지분포 등 공간구성에 따라 구간 및 유형을 구분하였다. 그 결과 여수 국가산단 전 지역이 총 10개 타입으로 분류되었으며, 각각의 유형에 대해 적용 가능한 미세먼지 저감 숲 및 녹지공간의 조성방법과 식재구조 그리고 저감수종 등을 제시했다. 기본계획은 산단의 도로, 녹지, 구릉지 등 공공영역 즉 사업장 외부공간을 중심으로 수립하였으며, 그 외 사업장 내부 즉 사적영역에 대해서는 입주기업의 여건 및 주변상황에 따라 선택하고 시도할 수 있도록 공간구성 및 식재수종 선정 등 다수의 계획모델을 제시했다.