When developing a product, ensuring the quality and reliability is essential. Reliability process is always underestimated compared to its importance, especially in the field of domestic medical devices. In this paper, reliability process developed for near-infrared solid microscope, based on a variety of existing practices and other product process. The following findings were obtained as research progressed. First, learning about the medical equipment needed to assure the quality and reliability standards. Second, reliability process established to design a product in the field of medical devices

Measurement of surface roughness is an important metrology procedure widely used in the industry during the final phases of the manufacturing process for quality control. This paper presents a measurement system that uses an optical microscope equipped with a vision sensor to measure the surface roughness of bearings. Shape from Focus / Defocus method is applied to measure the 3D surface coordinates of the object surface from which roughness calculations can be undertaken.

미국선녀벌레는 노린재목 선녀벌레과(Flatidae)의 외래유입 흡즙성 해충으로 2012년 31개 시군구로 분포가 도로변을 중심으로 확산 추세에 있다. 미국선녀벌레 는 아카시나무 등에서 알로 월동을 하고 년 1회 발생을 하는데 5-6월에 부화된 약충 이 10월까지 기주식물을 흡즙하여 직접 피해를 주며 왁스물질과 감로를 분비하기 때문에 외관상 혐오감과 잎과 과일에 그을음병을 유발하여 상품가치를 저하시켜 농가에 피해를 준다. 우리나라에서는 단감, 포도, 배, 사과 등 과수작물과 콩, 옥수 수 등 식량작물에 피해가 우려되고 있다. 따라서 국립농업과학원에서는 외래 돌발 해충인 미국선녀벌레에 대한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 기초적 생리·생태적 정보를 바탕으로 한 친환경해충관리기술을 개발하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해부현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 미국선녀벌레 약충과 성충의 구기와 구침, 더듬이의 감각기 분포와 형태를 관찰하고 다른 흡즙성 해충과 비교하였다. 구기의 미세구 조 정보를 바탕으로 미국선녀벌레의 섭식행동에 대한 연구가 앞으로 진행될 예 정이다.

Ensure the quality and reliability of the developing product should be considered essential. Reliability process is lacking compared to its importance, especially in the field of domestic medical devices. In this paper is Reliability process formulation ofnear-infrared solid microscope for ophthalmic surgery, based on a variety of existing practices and other product process to ensure product reliability, reliability process was established.Together domestic and international standards were investigated that essential in order to maintain a high level of reliability and quality. In this paper, the following findings were obtained. First, learned about the medical equipment needed to ensure quality and reliability standards. Second, reliability ensure process design and formulation were studied.

We present a method of graphene synthesis with high thickness uniformity using the thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) technique; we demonstrate its application to a grid supporting membrane using transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, particularly for nanomaterials that have smaller dimensions than the pitch of commercial grid mesh. Graphene was synthesized on electron-beam-evaporated Ni catalytic thin films. Methane and hydrogen gases were used as carbon feedstock and dilution gas, respectively. The effects of synthesis temperature and flow rate of feedstock on graphene structures have been investigated. The most effective condition for large area growth synthesis and high thickness uniformity was found to be 1000˚C and 5 sccm of methane. Among the various applications of the synthesized graphenes, their use as a supporting membrane of a TEM grid has been demonstrated; such a grid is useful for high resolution TEM imaging of nanoscale materials because it preserves the same focal plane over the whole grid mesh. After the graphene synthesis, we were able successfully to transfer the graphenes from the Ni substrates to the TEM grid without a polymeric mediator, so that we were able to preserve the clean surface of the as-synthesized graphene. Then, a drop of carbon nanotube (CNT) suspension was deposited onto the graphene-covered TEM grid. Finally, we performed high resolution TEM observation and obtained clear image of the carbon nanotubes, which were deposited on the graphene supporting membrane.

High-throughput microscopy (HTM) was developed recently for the automatic detection of airborne asbestos fibers that can cause lung cancer, asbestosis and mesothelioma. The HTM method has been applied to couting the airborne asbestos fibers as an alternative to the conventional phase contrast microscopy (PCM). In this paper, we demonstrated that the HTM enabled us to obtain quantitative results for low-concentration airborne asbestos samples under detection limit, and we made a comparison between the results from HTM and PCM. In addition, a verification study was conducted using proficiency analytical testing (PAT) samples of chrysotile and amosite. The HTM method can be applied to the existing PCM method by reducing analysis time and labors. Potential applications can be extended to detection of asbestos fibers in soil and water.

현미경을 다루는데 있어 현미경의 원리를 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 DVD optical pick-up head (이하OPH)를 활용하여 광경로를 직접 눈으로 볼 수 있어서 현미경 원리 파악에 도움이 되는 저렴한 가격의 현미경 시스템을 구현하였다. 실험 과정은 광원에서 나온 빛을 시료와 렌즈에 순차적으로 통과시키고, 이 정보를 CCD 카메라에서 검출하는 것으로 이루어졌다. DVD OPH 내부의 렌즈를꺼내어 두 렌즈의 상대적 거리에 따른 성능 차이를 알아보았다. 또한, 광원을 백색광원으로 실험한 결과와 반도체 레이저로 실험한 결과를 비교하여 광원에 따른 배율의 차이를 알아보았다. 그 결과 백색 광원일 때 반도체 레이저에 비해 해상도가 2배 이상 높았고, 현미경 시스템과 CCD 카메라의 거리가 20 cm일 때 약 150배의 배율을 보였다.

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The EtOH extracts of Viola mandshurica (NNMBS274), Viola patrinii (NNMBS275) and Viola papilionacea Pursh (NNMBS276), origin plants of Violae Herba, showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Among them, NNMBS275, the extract of V. patrinii possessed the protective effects against glutamate toxicity by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. These results suggest that extracts of V. patrinii could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases. Furthermore, it is suggested that the protective effects of V. patrinii extract due to inducing the expression of HO-1 asAs the exfoliated keratinocytes (EKs) in oral mucosa are aging and degenerating cells, of which cytoplasms are almost replaced by cross-linked keratin materials. Consequently, the EKs become apoptotic with nuclear lysis. A question is arisen what is the biological role of these EKs in oral cavity? Are they simply degrading as aging keratinocytes or do they have some essential function still remained in the exfoliated status? The buccal smear samples from ten healthy adult subjects were observed under scanning electron microscope. On the outer surface of the EKs the features of bacterial adhesion were explored. The microorganisms attached on the surface of EKs were much deformed, shrunken and teared. Only a few microorganisms were found on the EK surface, aggregated focally. The attached microorganisms were gradually fused on the cell membrane of EKs, and subsequently endocytosed. Resultantly, many round endocytotic concave cavities similar size to the cocci were remained on the surface of EKs similar to the sequels of caveolae endocytosis. These data indicate that the degenerating EKs can actively engulf microorganisms attached on their cell surface via the processes of caveolae endocytosis. Therefore, it is presumed that the oral EKs still play a role for endocytotic scavenging of oral microorganisms using the denatured cell bodies themselves, which become highly adherent to oral microorganisms and still function for caveolae endocytosis in mixed saliva environment. an antioxidant/cytoprotective target

Currently, dental implants are generally used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects. Implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. The materials of implants are variable such as metals and ceramics. The materials of implants must be have not toxicity and biocompatibility to host and mechanical(physical) strength. Bones must be attached to titanium surface without any other tissues. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration through various method which are including implants designs and materials. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the methods which are enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thermo dynamic therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise stability of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3kg weight, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were made from tissue sample. We have investigated the undecalcified samples by back scattered electron microscope. We have analysied the length rate and area rate in implant interface and inside the threads. The results were as follows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. It was suggested that Initial bone remodelling may be effected by LLLT because of implant bone contact ratio between 4th weeks and 8th weeks had no siginifant difference. Initial bone remodelling may be more influenced than later bone remodelling by LLLT because of new bone formation area ratio between implant threads had no significant differences during 4th to 8th weeks. According to above results, low level laser irradiation accerlate the new bone formation in implant interface and inside the implants threads at initial stage. there were many factors which are increasing the bone remodelling, because there were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for increasing the initial stage of bone remodelling because of above results.

공초점 현미경은 시료를 물리적으로 절단하지 않고 살아있는 세포와 고정된 시료를 두께 100㎛ 범 위까지 측정하여 이미지화할 수 있는 유용한 장치이다.광원으로 파장이 488nm인 Ar-ion레이저를 사용하였으며,USAF 타겟,형광비드 및 고정된 세포에서는 배율이 60x이고 개구수(NA :NumericalAperture)가 1.25인 대물렌즈를,살아있는 세포 분열 관찰에는 배율이 25x이고,개구수가 0.40인 대물렌즈를 각각 사용하여 레이저 주사 공초점 현미경을 구성하였다.조리개를 통한 빛만을 PMT로 검출하여 여기파장이 505nm이고, 발광파장이 515nm인 1.1㎛인 형광비드와,파장이 488nm인 빔이 입사할 때 575nm 파장의 형광을 방출시키는 PE(Phycoerythrin)로 표지(label)한 약 10㎛ 크기의 쥐의 면역세포에 대한 정보를 얻어 Labview 프로그램을 이용하여 이차원 영상을 얻었다.그리고 AMIRA 프로그램을 사용하여 삼차원 영상을 얻었으며,PE로 표지한 쥐의 한 종류인 Balb/c의 피부 암세포 분열의 단면 동영상을 구현하였다.

공초점 레이저 형광 현미경은 시료의 관찰하고자 하는 층에 대한 정보만 얻을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 세포에 형광물질을 발광시켜 세포의 내부 단면을 볼 수 있으므로 생명과학, 의학 등 다양한 분야 에 이용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 파장이 488 nm인 Ar-ion 레이저를 광원으로 사용하고, NA=0.75인 배율 60x인 대물렌즈를 사용하여 레이저 스캔 공초점 형광 현미경 시스템을 구성하여 PMT(photo multiplier tube)를 통하여 파장이 505 nm의 빛이 입사되었을 때 515 nm 파장의 형광을 방출시키는 1.1 μm크기의 형광 bead 형상에 대한 정보를 얻어 Labview 프로그램으로 2차원 영상을 얻었다. 그리고 Avizo 프로그램을 사용하여 수집된 2차원 영상들을 포개는 방식으로 3차원 영상을 얻었다.

본 연구의 목적은 조암광물의 광학적 특징에 대한 웹 컨텐츠를 개발하고 적용하는데 있다. 개발된 웹 콘텐츠는 학습 목표와 교수 학습 내용을 명료하게 보여주고 학습 내용의 접근과 항목간의 이동을 원활히 하는 시스템을 구축하는 한편 중고등 학교 교과서에서 가장 많이 인용되는 8종의 조암광물에 대한 광학적 특징을 동영상과 사진으로 제시하여 학생들의 광물에 대한 이해도를 높였다. 개발된 웹 컨텐츠를 수업에 적용한 후 MALSM를 이용한 교수-학습 자료로서의 질적 수준과 학습 효과를 분석한 결과 대부분의 학생들은 수업목표, 학습내용, 수업전략, 화면구성, 이용의 편의성, 학습자료 항목에서 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 웹 컨텐츠를 이용한 수업을 받은 학생 중에서 약 62%의 학생들이 편광현미경으로 박편상의 조암광물을 동정할 수 있었다.

현미경을 이용한 관찰기술은 나날이 발전하고 있으며 그 중에서도 공초점현미경은 최근 여러 분야에서 응용연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 파장이 632.8nm인 He-Ne 레이저를 사용하고, NA=1.25이며 배율이 100x인 대물렌즈와 3차원 스테이지를 사용하여 시료 이동방식(specimen scanning)의 공초점 현미경을 구성하였다. 그리고 PMT(photo multiplier tube)를 통하여 CD(compact disc)의 표면 형상에 대한 정보를 얻어 Labview 프로그램으로 3차원 입체영상을 구현하였다. 그 결과 피트 간격이 1.7µm, 피트의 깊이 0.1µm인 것으로 측정되어 문헌 값과 거의 일치함을 확인하였다.

Atomic Force Microscopes(AFM) is used to scan surfaces of a sample by measuring the interaction between atoms on the sample and the extremely sharp probe tip, which is produced by micromachining. AFM can be used as an inspection equipment for microelectronics industry and also requires a vibration-free environment to provide its proper functions. However, all of machine foundations including the wafer fab floor show the great amount of floor vibrations which can cause bad effects on the AFMs. This paper deals with the permissible floor vibration level for AFM at a given resolution.

The precipitation behavior in Mg-6 wt%Zn-1 wt%Y alloy annealed at different temperatures of 200˚C and 400˚C has been characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope. When the alloy is annealed at 200˚C for 6 hr, the plate- and the rod-shaped β2' phases are precipitated in the matrix. The orientation relationship of plate-shaped precipitates with the matrix exhibits a [11ar20]β2 || [10ar10]Mg, (0001)β2' || (0001)Mg. While the rod-shaped precipitates have two kinds of the orientation relationships with the matrix, i.e. [11ar20]β2'||[0001] Mg, (0001)β2'||(11ar20) Mg and [11ar20]β2'||[0001] Mg, (ar1106)β2'||(10ar10) Mg. With increasing annealing time at 200˚C the β1' phases are also precipitated in the matrix and the orientation relationship exhibits a [010]β1' || [0001]Mg, (603)β1' || (01ar10)Mg between the β1' precipitate and the matrix. The icosahedral phases are precipitated in the alloy annealed at 400˚C and exhibit a [I2]I || [0001]Mg relationship with the matrix.